Adaptec ACB-5500 User manual

@adoptee, ine.
ACB-5500
User's Manual

ACB-5500 User's Manual
51/4" Winchester Disk Controller
SCSI to ST506
October, 1985
@adaptec,inc.

Additional copies of this manual, or other Adaptec literature,
may be obtained from:
Adaptec, Inc.
Literature Department
580 Cottonwood Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
The information in this document is subject to change without
notice.
No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form
or by any means without prior written consent of Adaptec, Inc.
Adaptec, Inc., 580 Cottonwood Drive, Milpitas, California
95035
Copyright 1984
500504-00
ii

1.0
2.0
3.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • •
1-1
1.1 Scope •••••••••••
· . . •
1-1
1.2 Reference Documents ••
· . . . . . . . • •
1-1
• 1-1
1.3 ACB-5580 Features
1.4
1.5
Block Layout
. . .
Product Specification •
1.5.1 Physical Dimentions
· . . . . .
1.5.2 Power Requirements ••••••••
1.5.3 Environmental Requirements ••••
• 1-3
• • 1-4
• • 1-4
• 1-4
• 1-4
1.6
Quality Assurance •••• • •••••
• 1-4
THEORY OF OPERATION • • •
2.1 System Configuration
. . . .
INSTALLATION •
3.1 Unpacking
. . .
. . . . . . .
2-1
• 2-3
• • • 3-1
• 3-1
3.2 Preparation of Installation Area •••••.• 3-1
3.3 Installation • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • 3-2
3.4 Configuring the ACB-5500 ••••••••• 3-3
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.4.1 SCSI Reser Option.. ••• •• 3-4
3.4.2 Hard-Sectored/Removable Drives •••• 3-4
3.4.3
3.4.4
Diagnostic Mode ••
Parity Enable •
3.4.5 SCSI Bus Address
Powering-on the ACB-5500
· . . . . . . .
· . . . . . .
. .
• • 3-4
• 3-5
• • 3-5
• 3-5
Communicating with the ACB-5500 •
Formatting with the ACB-5500
. . . . •
3-6
. . . . •
3-7
500504-00
iii

4.0
SCSI INTERFACE DESCRIPTION • • • • · . . • •
4-1
• 4-1
4.1
500504-00
General Description of SCSI • · . . · . .
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
Bus Signals
. . . . . . . . · . . • • •
4-2
4.1.1.1
4.1.1.2
4.1.1.3
Busy (BSY) . . . . · . . •
4-2
Select (SEL)
Control/Data (C/O)
· . . • •
4-2
4-2
4.1.1.4 Input/Output (I/O)
• • • • 4-2
Message (MSG)
Request (REQ)
• • 4-2
• 4-2
4.1.1.5
4.1.1.6
4.1.1.7
4.1.1.8
4.1.1.9
Acknowledge (ACK)
Attention (ATTN) · . . . · . .
4-2
Reset (RST) • · . . . . . . •
4-3
4-3
4.1.1.10 Data Bus (DB: 7-0, Parity) 4-3
Bus Phases
. . . · · . · · · · · · ·
4-3
4.1.2.1
Bus
Free Phase
· · · ·
4-4
4.1.2.2 Arbitration
Phase
· · · · ·
4-4
4.1.2.3 Selection Phase
· · · ·
4-4
4.1.2.4
Rese1ection Phase
·
4-5
4.1.2.5 Information
Transfer
Phases
· ·
4-5
4.1.2.5.1 Command Phase
· · ·
4-7
4.1.2.5.2 Data
Phases
· ·
4-7
4.1.2.5.3 Status Phase
· · · ·
4-7
4.1.2.5.4 Message Phases
· · ·
4-7
4.1.2.6 Signa 1 Restrictions
Between
Phases
· · . · · · · • · ·
4-8
Bus
Conditions
. · · • · · · · · · · · ·
4-8
iv

4.2
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.1.3.1
4.1.3.2
~ttention Condition ••
• • 4-8
Reset Condition
· . . . · .
4-8
Phase Sequencing • •
Timing • • • • • •
Electrical Interface
. . . . . . .. 4-9
• • • • • • •. • • 4 -10
· . . . . •
4-10
4.1.7 Connection Diagram •••••
Message Specification •••••
4.2.1 Message System •••••••
· . . . · .
4-11
· . . . . • 4-12
· . . . . •
4-12
4.2.2
SCSI Message Descriptions •••••
4.2.2.1 Single Byte Messages
.. .
4-13
• 4-13
4.3 Functional Description of SCSI Commands ••• 4-16
4.3.1 Single Command Example ••••••••• 4-16
4.4
4.5
500504-00
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
Disconnect/Reconnect Example
Linked Command Example •
Command Queuing Example. • · .
4-17
4-17
· . . •
4-17
Command Structure
. . . . . . . . . . •
4-18
4-18
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.4.6
4.4.7
4.4.8
4.4.9
Command Descriptor Block (CDB) • • •
Group Code •• • • • • • • • • •
4-19
Operation Code • •
Logical Unit Number
· . • •
4-19
Command Specific Bits
Relative Address Bit.
Logical Block Address
Number of Blocks •
Control Byte • • •
•
4-19
. . . . . . •
4-20
. . . . . . . . •
4-20
4-20
· . . •
4-20
• • • • 4-20
Completion Status Byte
• 4-21
v

5.0
6.0
ST 506 INTERFACE DESCRIPTION • · . . •
5-1
5.1
Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . • • •
5-1
5.2
Interface Signals • · . . •
5-1
5.2.1 Optional Lines for Hard-Sectored
and Removable Drives •••••• 5-6
5.3
Disk Format • • • . . . . . . . . · . . .
5-6
COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS • . . . . . . . • •
6-1
6.1
6.2
Test Unit Ready (00
H) . . . . . . . . . • • • •
6-3
Rezero Unit (0l
H)
•.••••••
· . . . . •
6-4
6.3 Request Sense (03H) • • • • • •
6-5
6.3.1
Bad Format on Drive
. . . . . . . .
6-9
6.4
Format Unit (04
H) • • • • • • • • • · . . •
6-10
6.4.1
6.4.2
Defect Handling •••
. . . •
6-12
6-14 Format Unit Data •
6.5 Read (08
H)
••
· . . . . .
6.6
6.7
Write
Seek
· . . .
• • • • 6~18
· . .
6-20
6.8 Translate (0F
H) . . . • • •
6-22
• • 6-23
. . .
6.9 Set Threshold (10
H) · . . . . .
6.10 Read/Reset Usage Counter (1l
H
). •
6.11 Inquiry (12
H)
••
. . . . . . .
6.12 Write Data Buffer (13H) · . . .
6.13 Read Data Buffer (14
H)
••
6.14 Mode Select (ISH)
6.15 Reserve (16
H)
. . • •
6-25
• 6-26
• 6-28
· . . . . •
6-29
• 6-30
· . . . . • 6-31
· . . · . .
6-35
6.16 Release (17
H) •
••
6.17 Mode Sense (1AH) ••
· . . . . . . . . •
6-40
. . . . . . •
6-41
500504-00
vi

6.18 Start/Stop Un it (lB
H) • •
6.19 Receive Diagnostic (1CH ).
6.2~ Send Diagnostic (1DH) ••
6.2~.1
Diagnostic
6~
6.2~.2
Diagnostic 61
6.2~.3
Diagnostic
62 .
6.2~.4 Diagnostic 63
6.2~.5 Diagnostic 64
6.20.6 Diagnostic 65
6.20.7
Diagnostic
66
6.21 Read Capacity
( 25
H) .
6.22 Read
(28
H> . . . . . .
6.23 Write (Extended (2A)
6.24 Write and Verify (2EH)
6.25 Verify (2F
H)
••
.
6.26 Search Data Equal (31H>
6.27 Set Limits (33
H)
•••••
Appendix A, Diagnostic Mode Self-Test
500504-00
vii
· . . . . . . . . • • 6-42
· . . . . . . . • 6-43
• • • • • • 6-44
. . . . · · · · . . .
6-46
· · · · · ·
6-46
· · · · · · · · · · ·
6-46
· · · • · ·
6-46
· · · · · ·
6-46
· · · · · · · ·
6-47
· • · · · •
6-47
· · · · ·
6-5~
· · · · · · • · · · ·
6-52
· . .
6-53
· . . . · . · .
6-54
· . . . · . • •
6-55
· . . •
6-56
6-6~
· . . . . . . . . . • •
A-I

Fig.
1-1
2-1
2-2
2-3
4-1
4-2
4-3
LIST OF FIGURES
Title
ACB-5500 Board Layout
· . . . . . . .
Page
• • 1-3
ACB-5500 Block Diagram
. . . . .
ACB-5500 Microcode Structure
Typical SCSI Configurations
. . . . .
. . . . • •
Host Adapter Bus Termination •••••
SCSI Bus Pin Assignments • • • • • • • • • •
Group 0 Commands (6-Byte Commands) ••••
• • 2-2
· . .
2-3
2-4
• 4-11
• • • • 4-12
4-18
4-4 Group 1 Commands (10-Byte Extended Block Address • • 4-19
4-5
5-1
5-2
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
Completion Status Byte • • • • • • •
ACB-5500 Cabling • • • • • • • • ••
· . • • • •
4-21
ST 506 Control Signal Driver/Receiver Circuit
TEST UNIT READY Command • • • • • • • • • • •
REZERO UNIT Command • • • • •••••••
REQUEST SENSE Command
REQUEST SENSE Data • •
. . . . . · . . . . .
. .
FORMAT UNIT Command . . . . . . . . . . .
Sector Level Defect Skipping
. . . · . .
Sector Spacing within Cylinders
· . . . · . .
5-2
• • • 5-5
· . .
6-3
• • • 6.;..4
• • 6-5
• • • 6-5
• • • 6-10
· . .
6-12
· . .
6-13
6-8 Sector Spar i ng and Over flow Sector s • • • • • • 6-14
6-9' Format Unit Data Block (Drive Formatting) ••• 6-15
6-10 Format Unit Data Block (Cylinder Level Formatting) • 6-17
500504-00
viii

6-11
READ Command • • · . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-12 WRITE Command . . . . . . . . . . • •
6-18
6-20
6-13 SEEK Command • • · . . · . . . . . · . . . •
6-22
6-14
TRANSLATE Command . . · . . . •
6-23
6-15 TRANSLATE Data • • • • • • • 6-24
6-16
6-17
6-18
6-19
6-20
SET THRESHOLD Command · . . . . . . . · . . . •
6-25
READ/RESET USAGE COUNTER Command • · . • • •
6-26
READ/RESET USAGE COUNTER Parameters . . . . • •
6-27
INQUIRY Command · . . . . . . . . . . • •
6-28
INQUIRY Parameters
. . . . • • •
6-28
6-21 WRITE DATA BUFFER Command · . . . . . . . . . . 6-29
6-22
READ DATA BUFFER Command • 6-30
6-23
MODE SELECT Command . . . •
6-31
6-24
Extent Descriptor List • •
6-32
6-25 Drive Parameter List for Soft-Sectored, Fixed Drives 6-33
6-26
Drive Parameter List for Hard-Sectored, Removable
Drives • • • • • • • • 6-34
6-27
RESERVE Command · . . . . . . . . . . . . . • •
6-35
6-28
Extent Descriptor Format • • •
6-38
6-29 RELEASE Command . . . . . . . • •
6-40
6-30
MODE SENSE Command • . . . . . . • • • • • •
6-41
6-31 START/STOP UNIT Command . . . . . . . . . • • •
6-42
6-43
6-32
RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC Command •
6-33
RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC Data
6-44
6-34
SEND DIAGNOSTIC Command
.0 . · . .
6-44
6-35 SEND DIAGNOSTIC Parameter Format
• 6-45
500504-00
ix

6-36
6-37
6-38
6-39
6-40
6-41
6-42
READ
CAPACITY Command
READ
CAPACITY Parameters
READ
Command . . . • . . ·
WRITE Command . . . •
WRITE
and
VERIFY Command ·
VERIFY Command • . . . .
SEARCH DATA EQUAL Command
· · · · • · · · · · · · ·
6-5~
• · . . • . . • . . . . .
6-51
· . · • · · · • · • · · ·
6-52
· · · · · · · · · • · · ·
6-53
· · · · · · · • ·
6-54
· . . . • • •
6-55
· . . . . • •
6-56
6-43 SEARCH DATA EQUAL Argument • • • • • • • • • • • • • 6-58
6-44
SET LIMITS Command • • • • •
6-6~
50~504-0~
x

Table
3-1
3-2
4-1
4-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
A-I
LIST OF TABLES
Title
Configuration Jumpers
Interleaved Sectors/Track
· . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
Page
• • 3-4
• • 3-9
Information Transfer Phases
· . . . . . • • • •
4-6
Message Codes Supported by the ACB-5500
. .
Jl Connector Pin Assignment ••
· . . . . . . . .
J2, J3, J4, and J5 Connector Pin Assignment.
ACB-5500 Soft-Sectored Disk Format
ACB-5500 Hard-Sectored Disk Format • • · . . .
Command Code Summary
. . . . · · . · . ·
Class 00
Error
Codes
in
Sense Byte (Drive
Errors)
• • 4-13
• • 5-3
• 5-4
• 5-7
• 5-8
.6-1/6-2
·
6-6
Class 01
Error
Codes
in
Sense Byte (Target Errors)
·
6-7
Class
02
Error
Codes
(System-Related Errors)
Format
Options
. . . . . . .
SEARCH DATA EQUAL Argument •
Self Test Error States • •
· · . · . · • .
· .
· ·
6-8
6-11
6-59
• A-I
500504-00
xi

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The ACB-5500 disk controller provides an intelligent interface
from an ANSI X3T9.2 SCSI host interface to four ST506 compatible
disk drives.
1.1 SCOPE
This manual contains all of the information necessary to quickly
install and operate the ACB-5500 with an SCSI compatible Host
Adapter and up to four ST506 disk drives.
1.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
o ANSI X3T9.2 Small Computer System Interface Specification
1.3 ACB-5500 FEATURES
o The ACB-5500 supports four ST506 hard- and soft-sectored
drives.
o The ACB-5500 supports a fully arbitrating SCSI system with up
to seven other controllers or hosts sharing the SCSI bus.
o The ACB-5500 provides maximum SCSI bus throughput by
supporting bus disconnection and reconnection for explicit
and implied seeks.
o The ACB-5500 offers complete device independence by auto
configuring to any size formatted drive. By storing drive
parameters on the drive at format time, the need for host
initialization of the controller for various drive types is
eliminated.
o The ACB-5500 may handle defects on a sector level by allowing
the host to request that spare sectors be reserved on a
cylinder basis. This provides formatted disks with constant
data capacity and allows cylinder level formatting.
o The ACB-5500, utilizing a 2K dual-ported buffer, eliminates
the need for sector interleaving. This allows the host to
read a track of data in a single revolution.
o The ACB-5500 allows the host to reserve an entire logical
unit, or particular extents on a logical unit, limiting or
prohibiting data access by other hosts on the SCSI bus.
500504-00
1-1

o The ACB-5500 reduces selection overhead by allowing the host
to link commands. Once a command is completed, the con-
troller will immediately request and execute the next linked
command.
o The ACB-5500 reduces system overhead by queuing commands to
the controller from different hosts. As commands are com-
pleted, the next queued command will be executed.
o The ACB-5500 provides great operating system flexibility by
offering sector lengths of 256, 512, or 1024 bytes. The
sector length is programmed at format time.
o The ACB-5500 supports direct and relative addressing of
logical blocks.
o The ACB-5500 guarantees excellent data integrity by utilizing
a 32-bit error correction code on both the data and 1.0.
fields, SCSI bus parity checking and generation, and data
buffer parity checking.
500504-00
1-2

1.4 BLOCK LAYOUT
The component layout of the ACB-5500 is shown in Figure 1-1.
+
.
(;,
I
g;\
c-
I~
CXl
~-b-
0
0
~r
-0
1'0'"'
0
-~
0
~
L 0
I N
~
(}1
0
0 0 -
'---
::.
'.J
~
0
rv-
rv-
'-J
r-v-
rv-
i:J
~
0
'-J
~
CP N
CP N CP
0-
0
t.:>
0
CP (}1
1'0'"'
'.J 0
~
;t::
(}1
0 '--- '---
0 0
-0
0 6 -
i..J
--
rv- rv-
0 0
0
~
0-
~
----
'---
CXl
ex>
B~A
0
U;
D C
CXl
(}1
0-
F E
H G
K c- J
0- DG
PAR
A4
f:.2
0.....- 0.....-
A1
-0
0-
<-
DRIVE 0
DRIVE 2
'-J
1- . I
10
J2
I b
J4
I
10
II I I I I I II I I I 1'1 I I I I I
DRIVE 1 DRIVE 3 I
0
110
J3
I
10
J5
I
j:
f4-
----iOZ
ffioo
ocrTi
-
r ..
00;;v
$»m
O:g~
me/)
ZOO
m----iz
Z----i
(/jIO
. mI 4.425
-0»
IZ
U50
.125
Om
4.675
~z
r~
OI
5175
om
»CP
~o
5.500
0»
z;;v
0°
5.625
"T'\
5.750
Figure 1-1 ACB-5500 Board Layout.
500504-00 1-3

1.5 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
1.5.1 PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
Length:
Width:
Height:
1.5.2
1.5.3
8.76 inches
5.75 inches
.8 inches
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Voltage
(volts)
+5
+12
Tolerance
(Units)
4.75 to 5.25
+10.8 to +13
Current
(max amps)
1.5
0.300
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Operating
Temperature (F/C):
32/0 to 131/55
10% to 95%
Humidity:
Ripple
(volts, RMS)
.150
.150
Storage
-40/-40 to 167/75
10% to 95%
Altitude (ft.):
Sea Level to 10,000
Sea Level to 20,000
Exhaust air flow may be required to keep the air on both sides of
the board at or below the maximum operating temperature if ade-
quate convective ventilation is not available.
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
The ACB-5500 has been processed through Adaptec's extensive
quality control procedure. All Adaptec custom ICs have been
fully tested at temperature and voltage margins. All boards have
been fabricated and assembled under close quality inspection.
All boards have passed complete incircuit test procedures, have
endured burn-in testing, and have been fully functionally tested.
Adaptec should be notified immediately of any deviations from our
high standard of quality.
500504-00
1-4

2.9 THEORY OF OPERATION
The ACB-5500 provides a powerful mechanism for connecting up to
four ST506 compatible disk drives to a host computer via the
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI). The SCSI provides a
powerful general purpose device-independent connection usable by
a wide range of computing systems.
The ACB-550~ provides all of the data separation circuitry
required to convert 5 Mb/sec NRZ to MFM encoded data. Adaptec's
AIC-250 encode/decode chip designed with a discrete VCO circuit
control write precompensation, addresses mark detect and data
separation functions.
The ACB-5500 provides all required formatting and data
synchronizing functions for ST506 compatible disk drives. The
formatting function, data serializing/deserializing and ECC
checking are provided by Adaptec's proprietary sequencer chip,
the AIC-010.
The ACB-5500 provides up to 2K bytes of dual-ported buffering to
allow high performance data access even if the attached host
system can only accept data at very low rates. Adaptec's AIC-300
buffer controller provides full dual porting for the buffer
memory.
The data transfer path is fully checked, using ECC and buffer
parity checking to assure data integrity. Data integrity is not
compromised by the unchecked control microprocessor.
All low-speed control operations are managed by a powerful 8-bit
microprocessor executing instructions from a 16K read-only con-
trol memory. The large control memory allows the implementation
of several optional functions as well as a diagnostic self-tst
capability.
The formatting process stores device dependent parameter informa-
tion on the attached disk drives. When the ACB-5500 is powered
up, it automatically configures all internal tables from the
stored parameters so that no drive configuration commands are
required from the host system.
Figure 2-1 shows the ACB-5500 block diagram, and Figure 2-2
shows a flow chart of the ACB-5500 microcode structure.
500504-00
2-1

S AIC-300
BUFFER
C
REQ/ACK
CONTROL
S
I
J4 J2
SCSI
ST-506
CONTROL
CONTROL
I/O I/O
J1
J6
Figure 2-1. ACB-5500 Block Diagram
500504-00 2-2

Power Up ----> Power Up Diagnostics ---->
Reset AHard and Reset
I
SCSI Reset----> Get Off SCSI bus-----*
Soft If working, sets up
for command retry
I I I
Shared / I
Sub- I SEEK
routines\ I
READ WRITE FORMAT
I I I
I
IDLE, polling <--
host selection or
seek complete
I .
Host Selectlon
Checking <-----
I
Command Pre-
Processing
I
I I
READ BUF. OTHERS
I I
I .
Normal eXIt Error exit
I
Command linking ----------------------*
I
Clean up
I
---------------------------------*
Figure 2-2. ACB-5500 Microcode Structure
2.1 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
The ACB-5500 supports systems with a wide range of complexity.
Figure 2-3 shows three SCSI configurations supported by the ACB-
5500.
500504-00
2-3