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2. Recirculation um : The recirculation um has to be controlled regularly for clogging. The
um housing has to be o ened and the magnet with the needle wheel removed. Both is
cleaned under fresh water and re-mounted.
3. Cleaning: If the bacterial biomass has increased after some years, the Bactoballs can be
removed, cleaned with aquarium water and filled in again.
4. Renewal of Deniballs: The Deniballs have to be refilled/re laced once er year.
5. Feeding with Denimar: 1 tablet/day.
6. From time to time, measurement of nitrite and nitrate concentrations in the outlet of the
Nitratereductor.
9. Options
With a redox otential control, the function of the Nitratereductor can be o timized and reliability
can be increased.
The o timal working oint of the Nitratereductor can be determined by a measurement of the
redox otential.
Denitrification and redox potential
The redox otential is a arameter which can be measured electronically. The value is a
measurement for the equilibrium between reducing and oxydizing reactions in the water.
The redox otential in the aquarium itself is ke t at lus 300 - 440 mV (Millivolt). This high redox
otential indicates that oxydation reactions dominate over reduction reactions. Oxydation reactions
are biochemical reactions, where a substance is oxydized, e. g. by oxygen. A negative redox
otential indicates the absence of oxygen and is lethal for most aquarium inhabitants.
The biochemical conditions in the Nitratereductor differ com letely from those in the aquarium:
Nitrate has to be reduced to nitrogen gas. This is only ossible if there is no oxygen dissolved in
the water. The redox otential is low or even negative. The ideal range is between -50 and -250
mV. If it exceeds -50 mV, the denitrification reaction may sto at the nitrite stage! If it falls below -
300 mV, all the nitrate is reduced. The bacteria then start to use sul hate. This is a very undesired
rocess because the end roduct of this reaction is Hydrogensulfide. Hydrogensulfide (H
2
S) is toxic
and smells very strange like fouling eggs. If a little bit of Hydrogensulfide is entering the aquarium,
this is not critical. It is immediately oxydized to sul hate. The closed version of the Nitratereductor
causes no roblems with bad smell.
Controlling t e Nitratereductor NR 400
The Nitratereductor can be controlled by the rate of feeding or the flow rate of water:
If the redox otential exceeds -50 mV or even gets ositive, the dosage of food (Denimar tablets)
can be increased or the flow rate decreased. If the redox otential sinks below -300 mV, the
feeding can be reduced or the flow rate increased.
If you work with the Denimar tabs, you should kee the flow rate constant and vary the food
su ly. If you work with Deniballs, you should vary the flow rate.
10. Failures
Problems with denitrification are mostly caused by wrong adjustion of the flow and feeding rate.
They can only be determined by measurements of nitrite and nitrate concentrations in the filter or
by measurements of the redox otential.
-T e pump makes noise: If the um housing contains air or gas, this causes a strange noise.
In this case, the um is um ing little or no water and its cooling is insufficient. The um
may overheat and be destroyed. The housing of the um has a small hole where air and gas
can esca e. If this hole is blocked, it has to be cleaned with a needle.