
2. General information about Modbus
For exchange of information among automation systems and the connected
decentralised field devices, the use of serial fieldbus systems for communication is
state-of-the-art.Thousands of applications have proved impressively that, in
comparison with conventional technology, cost savings of up to 40 % in wiring,
commissioning, and maintenance are achieved by using fieldbus technology.While
in the past the fieldbus systems used were often manufacturer specific and
incompatible with other bus systems, those implemented today are almost exclusively
open and standardized.This means that the user does not depend on individual
suppliers and can choose within a large product range the most suitable product at
the most competitive price.
Modbus is an open fieldbus system used successfully throughout the world.The first
Modbus solution was initiated as early as 1979. Since then, Modbus has developed
into a de-facto standard. Meanwhile, Modbus has been standardised by the IEC
61158 and IEC 61784 standards.This standardization ensures that the investments
by manufacturers and users are protected to the best possible degree and the user
no longer depends on one manufacturer.The application range includes automation
in the areas of manufacturing, processing, and building.
2.1. Basic characteristics
Modbus defines the technical and functional features of a serial fieldbus system used
for interconnecting distributed digital automation devices. Modbus distinguishes
between master and slave devices.
Master devices Master devices control data traffic on the bus.A master is allowed to send messages
without an external request. Masters are also called "active devices" in the Modbus
protocol.
Slave device Slave devices such as AUMA Modbus actuators are peripheral devices.Typical
slave devices are input/output devices, valves, actuators, and measuring transducers.
They do not have bus access rights, i.e.they may only acknowledge received
messages or, at the request of a master, transmit messages to that master. Slaves
are also called ‘passive devices’.
2.2. Modbus basic functions
Modbus uses a master-slave technique where only the master can initiate a
transaction.The slaves respond by supplying the requested data in a response
message or by executing the action requested in the query.
The Modbus telegram from the master contains the slave address, a function code
defining the requested action, a data field, and a CRC field.The Modbus slaves’
response message contains fields confirming the requested action and possibly the
requested data as well as a CRC field.
If an error occurs during reception of the telegram or if the slave is unable to perform
the requested action, the slave will generate an error telegram and send it as response
to the master.
2.3. Transfer mode
●RS-485 twisted pair cable or fibre optic cable.
●AUMA actuators with controls AUMATIC AC 01.2/ACExC 01.2 support baud
rates up to 115.2 kbits/s.
2.4. Bus access
●Master-slave technique
●Mono-master system
●Master and slave devices: max.247 devices at one bus, without repeater max.
32 devices.
2.5. Communication
●Master-slave data exchange via request-response cycle (polling procedure).
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Actuator controls
General information about Modbus AC 01.2/ACExC 01.2 Modbus RTU