Azbil DCP31 User manual

Thank you for purchasing an Azbil
Corporation product.
This manual contains information
for ensuring the correct use of this
product. It also provides necessary
information for installation, main-
tenance, and troubleshooting.
This manual should be read by
those who design and maintain
equipment that uses this product.
Be sure to keep this manual nearby
for handy reference.
DCP31
DIGITRONIK
Digital Program
Controller
User's Manual
No. CP-UM-1757E
(Not for use in Japan)

NOTICE
Be sure that the user receives this manual before the product is used.
Copying or duplicating this user’s manual in part or in whole is forbidden.
The information and specifications in this manual are subject to change
without notice.
Considerable effort has been made to ensure that this manual is free from
inaccuracies and omissions. If you should find an error or omission, please
contact the azbil Group.
In no event is Azbil Corporation liable to anyone for any indirect, special or
consequential damages as a result of using this product.
Please read“Terms and Conditions”from the following URL
before ordering and use.
http://www.azbil.com/products/factory/order.html
© 1996–2016 Azbil Corporation All Rights Reserved.
DIGITRONIK™, DCP™, and SDC™ are trademarks of Azbil Corporation in Japan.

i
Safety Requirement
To reduce the risk of an electric shock resulting in personal injury, follow all safety no-
tices in this document.
This symbol warns the user when there is a danger of electric shock from accidental
contact.
•Theuseofthisproductinamannernotspecifiedbythemanufacturerwillimpairitsbuilt-insafety
features.
•Donotreplaceanycomponentorpartnotexplicitlyspecifiedasreplaceablebythemanufacturer.
•Allwiringmustbeinaccordancewithlocalregulationsandcarriedoutbyauthorizedandexperi-
encedpersonnel.
•Tobesafe,besuretowirethegroundterminalbeforeotherwiring.
•Besuretomountaswitchforshutoffofthemainpowertothisdevicewithinreachoftheoperator.
•Connectatime-lagfusewitharatedcurrentof1.0Aandratedvoltageof250Vtothewiringforthe
devicepowersupply.(Reference:IEC127)
•Thefusemustbeconnectedtothewiringonthenon-groundedside.
•Ifafuseisneeded,pleaseusethefollowing.
Manufacturer:Littelfuse,Inc.
ModelNo.: 218001
Rating: 250Vac,1A
EQUIPMENT RATINGS
Supplyvoltage: 100to240Vac (operatingsupplyvoltage:90to264Vac)
Frequency: 50/60Hz
Powerconsumption: 30VA max.
EQUIPMENT CONDITIONS
Donotusethisdevicenearflammablefluidsorvapors.Undersuchcircumstances,safetywillbe
impaired.
Operatingtemperature: 0to50°C
Operatinghumidity: 10to90%RH(withoutcondensation)
Vibration: 1.96m/s2max.(10to60Hzfor2heachinx,y,andzdirections)
Overvoltage: CategoryII(IEC60364-4-443,IEC60664-1)
Pollutiondegree: 2
Installationlocation: Indoors
Altitude: 2000mmax.
EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
•Besuretomountthisdeviceinapanelsothatoperatorsdonottouchtherearterminalblock.
•Withtheexceptionofsupplypowerandrelaycontactoutput,theI/Ocommonmodevoltage
withrespecttothegroundshouldbe33VRMSmax.,46.7Vpeakmax.,and70Vdc max.
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
EN61010-1,
EN61326-1(Foruseinindustriallocations)
DuringEMCtesting,thereadingoroutputmayfluctuateby±10%FS.
However,theMFB(motor-openingfeedback)iswithin±30%FS.
WARNING
There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced.
When replacing the battery, use only the type specified in this user's manual or an equivalent type.
Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer's instructions.

ii
Safety Precautions
About Icons
Thesafetyprecautionsdescribedinthismanualareindicatedbyvariousicons.Please
besureyoureadandunderstandtheiconsandtheirmeaningsdescribedbelowbefore
readingtherestofthemanual.
Safetyprecautionsareintendedtoensurethesafeandcorrectuseofthisproduct,to
preventinjurytotheoperatorandothers,andtopreventdamagetoproperty.Besureto
observethesesafetyprecautions.
WARNING Warnings are indicated when mishandling this product might
result in death or serious injury to the user.
CAUTION
Cautions are indicated when mishandling this product might result
in minor injury to the user, or only physical damage to this product.
Examples
Use caution when handling the product.
The indicated action is prohibited.
Be sure to follow the indicated instructions.

iii
WARNING
Before removing, mounting, or wiring the DCP31, be sure to turn off the power to
the DCP31 and all connected devices.
Failure to do so might cause electric shock.
Do not disassemble the DCP31.
Doing so might cause electric shock or faulty operation.
Before connecting the DCP31 to the measurement target or external control cir-
cuits, make sure that the FG terminal is properly grounded (100 Ω max.).
Failure to do so might cause electric shock or fire.
Turn the DCP31 OFF before starting wiring.
Failure to do so might cause electric shock.
Do not touch electrically charged parts such as the power terminals.
Doing so might cause electric shock.
CAUTION
Use the DCP31 within the operating ranges recommended in the specifications
(temperature, humidity, voltage, vibration, shock, mounting direction, atmo-
sphere, etc.).
Failure to do so might cause fire or faulty operation.
Do not block ventilation holes.
Doing so might cause fire or faulty operation.
Do not allow lead clippings, chips or water to enter the DCP31 case.
Doing so might cause fire or faulty operation.
Wire the DCP31 properly according to predetermined standards.
Also wire the DCP31 using designed power leads according to recognized instal-
lation methods.
Failure to do so might cause electric shock, fire or faulty operation.
Inputs to the current input terminals 31 and 33 on the DCP31 should be within
the current range listed in the specifications.
Failure to do so might cause fire or faulty operation.
Firmly tighten the terminal screws at the torque listed in the specifications.
Insufficient tightening of terminal screws might cause electric shock or fire.
Do not use unused terminals on the DCP31 as relay terminals.
Doing so might cause electric shock, fire or faulty operation.
We recommend attaching the terminal cover (sold separately) after wiring the
DCP31.
Failure to do so might cause electric shock.

iv
CAUTION
Use the relays on the DCP31 within the service life listed in the specifications.
Continued use of the relays after the recommended service life might cause fire
or faulty operation.
If there is a risk of a power surge caused by lightning, use a surge absorber (surge
protector) to prevent fire or device failure.
Before replacing the battery, be sure to turn the power OFF.
Failure to do so might cause electric shock.
Do not touch internal components immediately after turning the power OFF to
replace the battery.
Doing so might cause burns.
•Do not insert the battery with the polarities (+, -) reversed.
• Do not use damaged (broken battery skin, leaking battery fluid) batteries.
• Do not throw batteries into fires, or charge, short-circuit, disassemble or heat
batteries.
• Store batteries in low-temperature, dry locations.
Failure to observe the above cautions may cause batteries to emit heat or split, or
battery fluid to leak.
Store batteries out of the reach of small children.
Batteries are small and are easy to swallow. If a child swallows a battery,
consult a physician immediately.
When disposing of used batteries at the user site, observe bylaws.
If you touch components inside the DCP31, touch a grounded metal object to
discharge any static electricity from your body.
Otherwise, static electricity might damage the components.
After the power has been turned ON, the DCP31 does not operate for at least 15s.
Therefore, great care should be taken if the relay output from the controller is
used.
Correct settings appropriate for the type of the sensor are required. Since incor-
rect settings cause incorrect PV measurement, an unsafe situation like constant
100 % control output could occur.

v
Unpacking
CheckthefollowingwhenremovingtheDCP31fromitspackage:
1. CheckthemodelNo.tomakesurethatyouhavereceivedtheproductthatyou
ordered.
2. ChecktheDCP31foranyapparentphysicaldamage.
3. CheckthecontentsofthepackageagainstthePackageListtomakesurethatall
accessoriesareincludedinthepackage.
Afterunpacking,handletheDCP31anditsaccessoriestakingcaretopreventdamageor
lossofparts.
Ifaninconsistencyisfoundorthepackagecontentsarenotinorder,immediatelycontact
yourdealer.
ProductList
Name Model No. Q'ty Remarks
Body 1 See 1-5 How Model Nos.
Are Configured, page 1-5.
Mounting bracket 81405411-003 1 set (2) The Model No. is the parts
No. for two installation tools.
User's Manual CP-UM-1757E 1 This manual
Unit indicator label
(SI units)
N3132 1

vi
Request
ThefilteronthefrontofthecontrollerisCoveredwithaprotectivefilmtoprotectthe
surfaceofthecontroller.
Whenyouhavefinishedmountingandwiringthecontroller,fixcellophaneadhesivetape
onthecornersofthefilter,andpullinthedirectionofthearrowtopeelofftheprotective
film.
Handling Precautions
Peeling off the protective film with your fingernail might scratch
the surface of the controller.
Pull towards you.

vii
The Role of This Manual
ThreemanualshavebeenpreparedfortheDCP31.Readthemanualaccordingtoyourspe-
cificrequirements.ThelistsbelowallthemanualsthataccompanytheDCP31andgivesa
briefoutlineofthemanual.Ifyoudonothavetherequiredmanual,contacttheazbilGroup
oryourdealer.
DCP31 DIGITRONIK Digital Program Controller User's Manual
No.CP-UM-1757E
This manual.
This manual is provided with the DCP31 (single-loop model).
It is required reading for those in charge of designing, producing and
maintaining control systems incorporating the DCP31, and for those
using the DCP31 in other applications.
It describes mounting onto control panels, wiring, parameter setup, pro-
gram setup, operation methods, maintenance and inspection, trouble-
shooting and specifications.
SLP-P30 Smart Loader Package for DCP31/32 DIGITRONIK
Digital Program Controller User's Manual
Manual No. CP-UM-1759JE
This manual is written in both Japanese and English.
This manual is supplied with the Smart Loader Package SLP-P30.
The manual describes the software used to make various settings
for the DCP31/32 using a personal computer.
Personnel in charge of design or configuration of a system using
the DCP31/32 must thoroughly read this manual.
The manual describes software installation, operation of the per-
sonal computer, various functions, and setup procedures.
DIGITRONIK CPL Communication DCP31/32 User's Manual
No.CP-SP-1066E
This manual is required reading for those using the CPL commu-
nications functions of the DCP31/32.
This manual describes an outline of CPL communications, wiring,
communications procedures and DCP31/32 communications
data, how to remedy trouble, and communications specifications.

viii
Organization of This User's Manual
Thismanualisorganizedasfollows:
Chapter 1. GENERAL
ThischapterdescribesDCP31applications,featuresandbasicfunction
blocks.Italsogivesalistofmodelnumbers.
Chapter 2. NAMES & FUNCTIONS OF PARTS
ThischapterdescribesthenamesandfunctionsofDCP31parts,input
typesandrangeNos.
Chapter 3. MOUNTING
ThischapterdescribeshowtomounttheDCP31oncontrolpanels.This
chapterisrequiredreadingfordesignersofcontrolsystemsusingthe
DCP31.
Chapter 4. WIRING
ThischapterdescribestheprecautionswhenwiringtheDCP31toacon-
trolsystemandhowtowiretheDCP31.Thischapterisrequiredreading
fordesignersofcontrolsystemsandsupervisorsofwiringwork.
Chapter 5. FUNCTIONS
Thischapterdescribesthefunctionsofthecontroller.Thischapteris
requiredreadingfordesignersofcontrolsystemsusingtheDCP31.
Chapter 6. OPERATION
Thischapterdescribeshowtoswitchthebasicdisplaystatesofthe
DCP31,andselectandrunprograms.Thischapterisrequiredreadingfor
designersofcontrolsystemsusingtheDCP31andusersoftheDCP31.
Chapter 7. PARAMETER SETUP
Thischapterdescribeshowtosetupparametersonthecontrollerandthe
meaningofsettings.
Chapter 8. PROGRAM SETUP
Thischapterdescribeshowtosetupprogramsonthecontrollerandthe
meaningsofsettings.
Chapter 9. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
ThischapterdescribespointstocheckwhentheDCP31isnotworking
properlyorhowtoremedytroublethatmightoccur.
Chapter 10. DISPOSAL
Thischapterdescribessafetyprecautionsandhowtodisposeofthisunit
whentheunitisnolongerused.
Chapter 11. SPECIFICATIONS
Thischapterdescribesthegeneralspecifications,performancespecifica-
tionsandexternaldimensionsoftheDCP31.

ix
Contents
Safety Requirement
Safety Precautions
Unpacking
Request
The Role of This Manual
Organization of This User's Manual
Conventions Used in This Manual
Chapter 1. GENERAL 1-1
1 - 1 Features 1-1
1 - 2 Basic Function Blocks 1-2
1 - 3 Data Structure 1-3
1 - 4 System Configuration 1-4
 System configuration by CPL communications 1-4
1 - 5 Model Numbers 1-5
 Model selection guide 1-5
Chapter 2. NAMES & FUNCTIONS OF PARTS 2-1
2 - 1 Structure 2-1
2 - 2 Console 2-2
 Basic display state 2-2
 Display 2-2
 Keys 2-5
 Functions using two or more keys 2-8
 Loader jack 2-9
2 - 3 Input Type and Range No. 2-10
 Inputs 2-10
Chapter 3. MOUNTING 3-1
3 - 1 External Dimensions 3-1
3 - 2 Panel Cutout Dimensions 3-2
3 - 3 Mounting 3-3
 Mounting locations 3-3
 Noise generating sources and countermeasures 3-4
 Dust-proof cover 3-4
 Mounting method 3-5

x
Chapter 4. WIRING 4-1
4 - 1 Wiring Precautions 4-1
4 - 2 Compensating Lead 4-3
4 - 3 Terminal Connections 4-4
4 - 4 Layout of Terminals and Recommended Lead Draw-out Direction 4-5
4 - 5 Connecting the Ground and Power Supply 4-6
 Power supply 4-6
 Ground 4-6
4 - 6 Wiring of Standard and Add-on Terminal Base 4-7
 Standard terminal layout 4-7
 Add-on terminal layout 4-7
4 - 7 Connecting Inputs (analog inputs) 4-8
 Connecting input 1 4-8
4 - 8 Connecting control outputs (outputs 1, 2) 4-9
 Relay output (0D) 4-9
 Current output (5G) 4-9
 Position-proportional output (2G) 4-10
 Voltage output (6D) 4-10
 Heat/cool output (3D) 4-11
 Heat/cool output (5K) 4-11
4 - 9 Connecting auxiliary outputs (outputs 2, 3) 4-12
 0D, 5G, 6D auxiliary outputs 4-12
 2G, 3D, 5K auxiliary outputs 4-12
4 - 10 Connecting Event Output (relay output) 4-13
4 - 11 Connecting Time Event Output (open-collector) 4-14
4 - 12 Connecting External Switch (RSW) Input 4-15
4 - 13 Connecting for Communications 4-17
 RS-485 interface 4-17
4 - 14 Isolating Inputs and Outputs 4-20
 Control outputs 0D, 5G, 6D, 3D, 5K 4-20
 Control output 2G 4-21

xi
Chapter 5. FUNCTIONS 5-1
5 - 1 Data 5-1
 Data types 5-1
5 - 2 Program Patterns 5-2
 Patterns 5-2
 Events 1 to 3, Time events 1 to 5 5-3
 PID set selection 5-11
 G.Soak (guarantee soak) 5-12
 PV start 5-13
 Cycle 5-13
 Pattern link 5-14
5 - 3 Modes 5-15
 Mode types 5-15
 Mode transition 5-18
 Mode transition operations 5-19
 Mode transition limitations 5-21
5 - 4 Controller and Programmer 5-22
5 - 5 Input Processing Functions 5-23
5 - 6 Output Processing Functions 5-24
 Control output 5-24
 SP output 5-28
 Auxiliary output 5-29
Chapter 6. OPERATION 6-1
6 - 1 Turning the Power ON 6-1
6 - 2 Switching the Basic Display 6-2
 Display in program operation mode 6-3
 Display in constant-value operation mode 6-6
6 - 3 Program Selection 6-8
 How to select the program No. 6-8
6 - 4 External Switch (RSW) Operations 6-9
 External switch (RSW) inputs 6-9
 Program selection 6-11
 Read timing 6-12
6 - 5 Manual Operation and Auto-tuning 6-14
 Manual operation 6-14
 Auto-tuning (AT) 6-15

xii
Chapter 7. PARAMETER SETUP 7-1
7 - 1 Parameter Setup 7-1
 Selecting the setting group in the parameter setup 7-1
 Moving individual items in the parameter setup 7-2
 Changing individual items and how to return from the setup state 7-3
7 - 2 How to Use 7-5
 How to register functions to keys 7-5
7 - 3 Parameter Setup List 7-8
 Variable parameter settings“PARA” 7-8
 Description of variable parameter settings 7-12
 Event configuration data settings “Ev” 7-22
 Description of event configuration data 7-38
 PID parameter settings“PId” 7-39
 Setup data settings “SEt” 7-44
 Description of setup data settings 7-54
 Table data settings “TBL” 7-63
 Description of table data settings 7-64
 Constant-value operation data settings“CNSt” 7-66
Chapter 8. PROGRAM SETUP 8-1
8 - 1 Program Setup 8-1
 How to enter program setup 8-1
 Selecting the program No. to set up 8-1
 Mode transition 8-3
 Programming map 8-5
 Display details 8-7
 Setting up pattern items 8-7
 Setting up events 1 to 3 items 8-8
 Setting up time events 1 to 5 8-10
 Setting up PID set No. items 8-13
 Setting up G.Soak (guarantee soak) items 8-14
 Setting up G.Soak time-out items 8-14
 Setting up PV start items 8-15
 Setting up cycle items 8-16
 Setting up pattern link items 8-16
 Deleting programs 8-17
 Inserting and deleting segments 8-18
8 - 2 Copying Programs 8-20
 Operation 8-20
8 - 3 General Reset 8-21
 Operation 8-21

xiii
Chapter 9. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING 9-1
9 - 1 Maintenance 9-1
9 - 2 Self-diagnostics and Alarm Code Display 9-2
 Self-diagnostics at power ON 9-2
 Self-diagnostics at each sampling cycle 9-2
 Intermittent self-diagnostics during operation 9-3
 Self-diagnostics only when certain functions are operating 9-3
 Alarm code display 9-3
 Alarm categories 9-4
9 - 3 Trouble during Key Entry 9-5
 The program No. does not change by pressing in basic dis-
play state 9-5
 The program No. does not change by pressing in the basic
display state 9-5
 The controller does not change to RUN mode by pressing in
the basic display state 9-5
 The controller does not change to HOLD mode by pressing
in the basic display state 9-5
 The controller cannot be reset by pressing + in the
basic display state 9-6
 The program is not advanced by pressing + in the basic
display state 9-6
 The controller does not change to FAST mode by pressing +
in the basic display state 9-6
 The controller does not change to MANUAL mode by pressing
in the basic display state 9-7
 The controller does not change to AUTO mode by pressing in
the basic display state 9-7
 Auto-tuning (AT) is not started by pressing in the basic dis-
play state 9-7
 Auto-tuning (AT) is not canceled by pressing in the basic dis-
play state 9-7
 Setting group other than “PARA”is not displayed by pressing
by selecting the setting group in parameter set state 9-7
 Setting group other than “SET”is not displayed by pressing
by selecting the setting group in parameter set state 9-8
 The controller does not enter the setting entry state by pressing
in the parameter setup state 9-8
 The controller does not change to setup group selection state
and setting entry state continues by pressing in parameter
setting entry state 9-8
 The controller does not change to program setup state by press-
ing + in the basic display state 9-8

xiv
 The controller does not change to the setting entry state by
pressing in the basic display state 9-8
 Items cannot be changed by pressing in program setup state 9-9
 Event items cannot be displayed by repeatedly pressing
in program setup state 9-9
 Time events cannot be displayed by repeatedly pressing
in program setup state 9-9
 PID set items cannot be displayed by repeatedly pressing
in program setup state 9-9
 G.Soak items cannot be displayed by repeatedly pressing
in program setup state 9-10
 PV start items, cycle items and pattern link items cannot be dis-
played by repeatedly pressing in program setup state 9-10
 Insertion/deletion of segments cannot be confirmed by pressing
+ in program setup state 9-10
 Program deletion cannot be confirmed by pressing +
while entering pattern items in program setup state 9-10
 The program cannot be copied by pressing + in the
basic display state 9-11
 General reset is not applied by pressing + + in the
basic display state 9-11
9 - 4 Motor Adjustment is Impossible 9-12
 Normal wiring for direct motor rotation 9-13
 Normal wiring for reverse motor rotation 9-13
 Alarm display caused by wrong wiring and causes 9-13
9 - 5 Replacing the Battery 9-14
 BAT LED blinking 9-14
 Replacing the battery 9-14
 Replacement procedure 9-15
Chapter 10. DISPOSAL 10-1
Chapter 11. SPECIFICATIONS 11-1
11 - 1 Specifications 11-1
 Accessories/option list 11-9
11 - 2 External Dimensions 11-10
 Soft dust-proof cover set (sold separately) 11-11
 Hard dust-proof cover set (sold separately) 11-11
 Terminal cover set (sold separately) 11-12
 China RoHS 11-12

xv
Conventions Used in This Manual
 Indescribingtheproduct,thismanualusestheiconsandconventionslistedbelow.
Handling Precautions:
Handling Precautions indicate items that the user should pay
attention to when handling the DCP31.
Note: Notes indicate useful information that the user might benefit by
knowing.
: These icons represent keys on the DCP31’s console.
+ : Combinations of icons like these indicate that must be pressed
while holding down.
(1), (2), (3): The numbers with the parenthesis indicate steps in a sequence or
indicate corresponding parts in an explanation.
>> : Indicates the controller state after an operation.

The DCP31is ageneral-purpose single-loopprogramcontrollerforcontrollingtemperature,
pressure,flowrateandotherinputs.
 High accuracy achieved by multi-range input
Multi-rangeinputallowsyoutochoosebetweenthefollowinginput
types:thermocouple,resistancetemperaturedetector(RTD),dc
voltageanddccurrent.Accuracyof±0.1%FS±1digitandasampling
cycleof0.1sensuresconsistentlyhigh-precisioncontrol.
 Wide range of control output types
Awiderangeofmodelssupportingvariouscontroloutputtypes
areavailable:relaytimeproportionaloutput,position-proportional
output,currentoutput,voltagetime-proportionaloutput,andheat/
cooloutput.
Onmodelsotherthanheat-coolcontroloutput,youcanalsochoose
neuralnet-basedauto-tuningandsmart-tuningforinhibitingover-
shoot,inaddition2degreesoffreedomPID.
 Enhanced compatibility with PLC
12externalswitchinputs(eightoptional),threeeventoutputsand
fivetimeeventoutputs(optional)ensurecompatibilitywithauto-
matingsystemsdesignedaroundaPLCcore.
 Easy operation
Uptoeightfrequentlychangedparametersetupscanberegistered
tothe PARA key,facilitatingrecallofitemsetups.
IftheSmartLoaderPackage(soldseparately)isusedtogetherwith
theDCP31,programsandparameterscanbesetuponapersonal
computer.
1-1
Chapter 1. GENERAL
1 - 1 Features

4 external switch inputs
• RUN
• HOLD
• RESET
• ADV
* indicates options.
Input
•Thermocouple
• Resistance
• dc current
• dc voltage
8 external switch inputs
• Program No.
• FAST
• PV start
• AUTO/MANUAL
• AT
• G.Soak cancel
• Direct/reverse action
Key operation
• Display selection
• Program No.
• RUN/HOLD
• RESET
• ADV
• FAST
• AUTO/MANUAL
• AT
• Program setup
• Parameter setup
MFB input
• Square root
extraction
• Lineariza-
tion table
approxima-
tion
• Bias
• Filter
Control Operation Block
• Mode transition
• PID control
• Auto-tuning
• Neuro & Fuzzy
• Forward/reverse action
• ON-OFF control
• SP limit
• SP bias
• Output change
limitter
• Upper/lower
limitter
• SP output
Outputs
• Current
• Relay
• Voltage
• Position-proportional
• Heat-cool
Event Outputs
• PV
• SP
• Deviation
• MV
• MFB
• Modes
• Alarm
Time Event Outputs
• Time event
• Segment code
Auxiliary Outputs
• PV
• SP
• Deviation
• MV
• MFB
CPL communications I/O
Loader communications I/O
*
*
*
Program
• 19 patterns x 30 segments
• Events
• Time events
• PID sets
• G.Soak
• PV start
• Cycle
• Pattern link
Parameters
• Variable parameters
• Event conguration
• PID parameters (8 sets)
• Setup
• Tables
• Constant-value operation
*
temperature detector
1-2
Chapter 1. GENERAL
1 - 2 Basic Function Blocks