GW Instek GRF-1300 User manual

RF & Communication Trainer
GRF-1300
TEACHER’S BOOK
USER MANUAL and TEXT BOOK
GW INSTEK PART NO. 82RF-13001M01
ISO-9001 CERTIFIED MANUFACTURER

This manual contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyright. All
rights are reserved. No part of this manual may be photocopied, reproduced or
translated to another language without prior written consent of Good Will
Corporation.
The information in this manual was correct at the time of printing. However, Good
Will continues to improve its products and therefore reserves the right to change the
specifications, equipment, and maintenance procedures at any time without notice.
Good Will Instrument Co., Ltd.
No. 7-1, Jhongsing Rd., Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City 236, Taiwan.

GRF-1300 User Manual and Teaching Materials
1
Table of Contents
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ....................................................3
ABOUT THIS BOOK ...........................................................6
INTRODUCTION to the GRF-1300 .....................................7
Package Contents ........................................................................................... 9
Product Specifications and Function .............................................................. 9
Usage Instructions ....................................................................................... 10
OVERVIEW of the TIME and FREQUENCY DOMAIN........16
Observation from a different perspective ..................................................... 16
Fourier Series* ............................................................................................. 19
AN INTRODUCTION to SPECTRUM ANALYZERS ............24
Broadband Receiver...................................................................................... 24
Attenuator .................................................................................................... 25
Resolution Bandwidth Filter ......................................................................... 26
Detector ....................................................................................................... 27
Video Bandwidth Filter ................................................................................. 28
Superheterodyne Spectrum Analyzer* .......................................................... 29
RF COMMUNICATION and SIGNALS EXPERIMENTS ......31
Experiment 1: Basic Operation of a Spectrum Analyzer ................................ 32
Experiment 2: Measuring a Baseband Waveform .......................................... 36
Experiment 3: Different Baseband Waveforms and their Harmonic
Measurement ............................................................................................... 41
Experiment 4: Measurement of the RF Carrier .............................................. 50
Phase Locked Loop * .................................................................................... 59
Experiment 5: AM Signal Measurement........................................................ 64
Experiment 6: FM signal measurement......................................................... 76
Experiment 7: Using a Spectrum Analyzer in Communication Systems ........ 89
Experiment 8: Measurement of communication products ............................ 97
Experiment 9: Production Line Applications ............................................... 101
TEST for LEARNING OUTCOMES ..................................106
Additional Knowledge* ............................................................................... 112
APPENDIX......................................................................115
dBm Conversion Table ................................................................................ 115

TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
The relationship between dB and dBc ......................................................... 116
Resistor Values in π-type Resistance Attenuators........................................ 117
Resistor Values in T-type Resistance Attenuators ....................................... 118
Modulation Index and Sideband Amplitude Comparison Table................... 119
Declaration of Conformity........................................................................... 120

GRF-1300 User Manual and Teaching Materials
3
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
This chapter contains important safety instructions that
should be followed when operating and storing the GRF-1300.
Read the following before any operation to ensure your safety
and to keep the GRF-1300 in the best condition.
Safety Symbols
These safety symbols may appear in this manual or on the instrument.
WARNING
Warning: Identifies conditions or practices that could result in
injury or loss of life.
CAUTION Caution: Identifies conditions or practices that could result in
damage to the GRF-1300 or to other objects or property.
DANGER High Voltage
Attention: Refer to the Manual
Protective Conductor Terminal
Earth (Ground) Terminal
Do not dispose electronic equipment as unsorted municipal
waste. Please use a separate collection facility or contact the
supplier from which this instrument was purchased.
Safety Guidelines
General
Guideline
CAUTION
Do not place heavy objects on the device.
Do not place flammable objects on the device.
Avoid severe impact or rough handling that may damage the
device.
Avoid discharges of static electricity on or near the device.
Use only mating connectors, not bare wires, for the terminals.
The device should only be disassembled by a qualified

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
4
technician.
(Measurement categories) EN 61010-1:2010 specifies the measurement categories and their
requirements as follows. The device falls under category I.
Measurement category IV is for measurement performed at the source of a low-voltage
installation.
Measurement category III is for measurement performed in a building installation.
Measurement category II is for measurement performed on circuits directly connected to
a low voltage installation.
Measurement category I is for measurements performed on circuits not directly
connected to Mains.
Power Supply
WARNING
AC Input voltage: 100 ~ 240V AC, 50 ~ 60Hz.
Connect the protective grounding conductor of the AC power
cord to an earth ground to prevent electric shock.
Fuse
WARNING
Fuse type: 1A/250V.
Only qualified technicians should replace the fuse.
To ensure fire protection, replace the fuse only with the
specified type and rating.
Disconnect the power cord and all test leads before replacing
the fuse.
Make sure the cause of the fuse blowout is fixed before
replacing the fuse.
Cleaning the
GRF-1300
Disconnect the power cord before cleaning the device.
Use a soft cloth dampened in a solution of mild detergent and
water. Do not spray any liquid into the device.
Do not use chemicals containing harsh products such as
benzene, toluene, xylene, and acetone.
Operation
environment
Location: Indoor, no direct sunlight, dust free, almost non-
conductive pollution (Note below) and avoid strong magnetic
fields.
Relative Humidity: < 80%
Altitude: < 2000m
Temperature: 0°C to 40°C
(Pollution Degree) EN 61010-1:2010 specifies pollution degrees and their requirements as
follows. The device falls under degree 2.
Pollution refers to “addition of foreign matter, solid, liquid, or gaseous (ionized gases), that
may produce a reduction of dielectric strength or surface resistivity”.
Pollution degree 1: No pollution or only dry, non-conductive pollution occurs. The
pollution has no influence.
Pollution degree 2: Normally only non-conductive pollution occurs. Occasionally,
however, a temporary conductivity caused by condensation must be expected.
Pollution degree 3: Conductive pollution occurs, or dry, non-conductive pollution occurs
which becomes conductive due to condensation which is expected. In such conditions,
equipment is normally protected against exposure to direct sunlight, precipitation, and
full wind pressure, but neither temperature nor humidity is controlled.

GRF-1300 User Manual and Teaching Materials
5
Storage
environment
Location: Indoor
Relative Humidity: < 70%
Temperature: -10°C to 70°C
Disposal
Do not dispose this device as unsorted municipal waste. Please
use a separate collection facility or contact the supplier from
which this instrument was purchased. Please make sure
discarded electrical waste is properly recycled to reduce
environmental impact.
Power cord for the United Kingdom
When using the device in the United Kingdom, make sure the power cord meets the following safety
instructions.
NOTE: This lead/appliance must only be wired by competent persons
WARNING: THIS APPLIANCE MUST BE EARTHED
IMPORTANT: The wires in this lead are coloured in accordance with the following code:
Green/ Yellow: Earth
Blue: Neutral
Brown: Live (Phase)
As the colours of the wires in main leads may not correspond with the coloured marking identified in your
plug/appliance, proceed as follows:
The wire which is coloured Green & Yellow must be connected to the Earth terminal marked with either
the letter E, the earth symbol or coloured Green/Green & Yellow.
The wire which is coloured Blue must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter N or
coloured Blue or Black.
The wire which is coloured Brown must be connected to the terminal marked with the letter L or P or
coloured Brown or Red.
If in doubt, consult the instructions provided with the equipment or contact the supplier.
This cable/appliance should be protected by a suitably rated and approved HBC mains fuse: refer to the
rating information on the equipment and/or user instructions for details. As a guide, a cable of 0.75mm2
should be protected by a 3A or 5A fuse. Larger conductors would normally require 13A types, depending
on the connection method used.
Any exposed wiring from a cable, plug or connection that is engaged in a live socket is extremely
hazardous. If a cable or plug is deemed hazardous, turn off the mains power and remove the cable, any
fuses and fuse assemblies. All hazardous wiring must be immediately destroyed and replaced in
accordance to the above standard.

ABOUT THIS BOOK
6
ABOUT THIS BOOK
This textbook was developed in conjunction with the GRF-
1300 RF & Communication Trainer and the GSP-730 3GHz
spectrum analyzer as an RF communications education system.
It not only offers detailed examples, but also the practical
knowledge necessary for RF measurements, such as spectrum
analyzer principals, as well as AM and FM communication
systems.
For you to easily understand the contents of this textbook,
we have included as many pictures and diagrams as possible to
strengthen your comprehension.
This book is divided into a teacher version and student
version. All experiment results are included in the teacher
edition. In addition, chapters with an asterisk (*) indicate
additional text for advanced reading not present in the student
addition. Students will not be effected by the omission of the
additional text. To further help students, the student edition will
contain a "Notes" section in these missing areas.

GRF-1300 User Manual and Teaching Materials
7
INTRODUCTION to the GRF-1300
The GRF-1300 is a well designed training kit capable of
producing a 3MHz baseband signal and a carrier signal up to
900MHz. The GRF-1300 is also able to perform AM and FM RF
circuit experiments as well. The practical exercises in the training
kit meet the needs of most general RF courses. The GRF-1300
consists of three modules, namely: a baseband module, an RF
Synthesizer/FM module and an AM module. The baseband
module can simulate a baseband signal and includes sine, square
or triangle waveforms. Its output frequency and amplitude are
adjustable. During experiments the three kinds of waveforms
can be arbitrarily switched back and forth to meet the signaling
requirements of each of the different experiments.
The RF Synthesizer/FM module is used to generate an
adjustable carrier frequency as well as perform frequency
modulation. This module covers some of the focus points in the
RF circuit theory. This will be highlighted in practical
experiments in later chapters. FM waveforms can also be
produced by using this module together with the baseband
module. The GSP-730 spectrum analyzer can be used to observe
the various characteristics of an FM waveform.
The AM module and baseband module can be used
together to perform amplitude modulation experiments. The
GSP-730 Spectrum Analyzer can be used to observe the various
characteristics of an AM waveform.
This experiment system can be connected to a computer via
the USB interface. The interface can be used to turn individual
circuits on or off so that students can perform diagnostic
experiments.
Students can learn the fundamental aspects of RF theory
through a variety of experiments. Understanding RF theory has
been made easier by breaking the RF circuits into fundamental
functions. This allows students to see in detail how the theory
relates to the practical aspects of the RF circuitry.
This system is a collection of different functions: signal
generation, frequency modulation, amplitude modulation,
communication and other functions. Connecting different
modules together can create a number of different RF circuit
experiments. Specific experiments will be highlighted in later
chapters. The GRF-1300 RF & Communication Trainer is

INTRODUCTION to the GRF-1300
8
designed to modulate an audio signal with a carrier waveform.
The system takes into account the difficulties arising from RF
circuit theory and knowledge. It focuses on these theories and
sets up experiments to understand the theoretical aspects of RF
circuitry – This also has the added benefit of increasing a
student’s interest to learn RF circuits.
Figure A-1. The
GRF-1300 control
panel
Figure A-2.
Reference
platform: GSP-
730 Spectrum
Analyzer

GRF-1300 User Manual and Teaching Materials
9
Package Contents
This package contains the GRF-1300 unit, RF cable – 2 *
10cm, RF cable 1* 80cm, a user manual CD, a student book, an
antenna, a power cord and so on.
Title Photo No Note
GRF-1300
1
RF wire 2 100mm
RF wire 1 800mm
Antenna 1 800-1000MHz
AC power cord 1 100-240V～50-60Hz
CD 1 User manual and software
Adapter
1 N-SMA Adapter
Student
Textbook
1 RF & Communication
Trainer
Product Specifications and Function
Function Item Spec.
Base Band
Waveforms
Sine, S
q
uare, Trian
g
le
Frequency Range
0.1~3MHz
(Triangle-0.1~1MHz)
Ste
p
: 10kHz
Am
p
litude ≥1.5V
pp
Harmonics Distortion ≤-30dBc
RF/FM Analysis
Fre
q
uenc
y
Accurac
y
±0.15MHz
Adjustable Range ≥45MHz (870M~920M)
Ste
p
: 1MHz
Power Ran
g
e ≥-15dBm
FM Max Frequency
Deviation
>3MHz
AM Peak Difference ≥-18dBm
Communication Turn circuits on or off by remote command for the
diagnostic experiments.

INTRODUCTION to the GRF-1300
10
Usage Instructions
Procedure 1. For safety purposes, please connect the unit to the correct AC
power source: 100V~240V, 50-60Hz.
Make sure the ground terminal is properly earthed to prevent
electric shock.
2. The power socket and USB port are on the rear panel. The
power switch is on the upper left-hand side of the device.
USB port
AC socket
Power switch
3. When using several modules together at the same time,
connect each module with the appropriate RF cable.
Figure A-3.
Connection
diagram between
different modules
4. The UP and DOWN buttons on the Baseband module can be
used to adjust the frequency of the baseband signal. The
baseband module is adjustable in 10kHz steps.
WAVE Select is used to select three different baseband
waveforms. When the waveform is selected, the
corresponding LED light will be lit up.
The Reset button is used to reset the GRF-1300. When reset,
the GRF-1300 will output a 0.10MHz sine wave baseband
signal and a carrier signal with a frequency 880MHz.
The output port is used to output the set baseband signal.

GRF-1300 User Manual and Teaching Materials
11
The four-digit display is used to display the frequency of
the output baseband signal.
TP4 (test point 4) is used to monitor the output signal from
the output port.
The potentiometer knob is used to adjust the voltage of the
output baseband signal. Turn clockwise to increase the
amplitude and turn anticlockwise to decrease its
amplitude.
Figure A-4.
Baseband module
5. The UP and DOWN buttons on the RF Synthesizer / FM
module can be used to adjust the frequency of the carrier. The
carrier can be adjusted in 1MHz steps.
The Four-digit display is used to display the frequency of
the carrier signal.
FM in port and RF / FM Output port are used to receive the
FM signal and output the carrier signal respectively.
TP2, TP3 and TP1 are used to monitor for breaks in the
circuit. For the position of each test point, please see Figure
A-7.

INTRODUCTION to the GRF-1300
12
Figure A-5. RF
Synthesizer/FM
module
6. The AM module is used for amplitude modulation. The AM
in port and RF in port are used to input the modulating signal
and the carrier signal respectively. The AM output port
outputs the amplitude modulated waveform.
Figure A-6. AM
module
7. There are five test points (Tp1, Tp2, Tp3, Tp4, Tp5) on the
panel. These five test points are set at different points in the
circuit path of the connected modules. Their specific locations
are as shown in the Figure below. They are turned on or off
by their corresponding relays (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5). An
oscilloscope can be used to detect/determine the status of the
circuitry at these test points.
Figure A-7. Circuit
location of each
test point

T
P1
T
P3
T
P2
T
P4
B
1
B
3
B
2
B
4

GRF-1300 User Manual and Teaching Materials
13
8. Install the GRF-1300 driver onto the PC.
Connect the GRF-1300 to the PC. Below are the steps for
installing the software. Add the install software to the
install directory. Click next and a window as shown below
appears.
Figure A-8.
Software
installation
Next, click on the “Continue Anyway” button to continue
the installation until the installation procedure is complete.
Figure A-9.
Installation
procedure is
complete

INTRODUCTION to the GRF-1300
14
After the software installation is complete, users can
perform a system error check by sending commands to the
GRF-1300 using Hyper Terminal.
Figure A-10.
Operation
interface for
HyperTerminal

GRF-1300 User Manual and Teaching Materials
15
9. Below is a table listing each instruction and a description of
each function.
Instruction
Function
*IDN? Returns the manufacturer, model name and
serial
n
umber.
RF? Returns the value on the digital display of
the FM
/
RF module.
AF? Returns the value on the digital display on
baseband module.
WAVE? Returns the waveform type on the
baseband module.
Bn? (n is the relay
number for the
corresponding test
p
oint
)
Returns the state (open or closed) of the
currently selected relay.
WAVE:0 The waveform to sine.
WAVE:1 Set the waveform to trian
g
le.
WAVE:2 Set the waveform to s
q
uare.
Bn:0 (‘n’ is the relay
number. I.e., B1:0
)
Set the relay of corresponding no. to OFF.
Bn:1 (‘n’ is the relay
number. I.e., B3:1
)
Set the relay of corresponding no. to ON.
AF:N(N is setting
frequency)
Set the AF frequency to N.
RF:N(N is setting
frequency)
Set the RF frequency to N.

OVERVIEW of the TIME and FREQUENCY DOMAIN
16
OVERVIEW of the TIME and
FREQUENCY DOMAIN
Observation from a different perspective
When a signal is said to be in the time domain, it means
that the signal is expressed as a function of time. For example, if
we describe a sine wave signal that repeats once each
microsecond (μsec, 10-6), it means that the period of the signal is
1 microsecond. Usually we use an oscilloscope to measure these
signal characteristics in the time domain. In addition, when we
talk about the rise and fall time of a square waveform, we also
can observe that in the time domain. Phase delay is also
measured in the time domain. Oscilloscopes are well-known
electrical signal measurement instruments that perform
measurements in the time domain.
1μsec sine wave Square wave with the same period
However, when we observe a sine wave and a square
wave with the same amplitude and period, is there a way to
describe the difference between them? Frequency domain
measurements just provide a different view point.
First we will explain what frequency domain means.
Frequency domain means to observe the frequency composition
of a signal. If we add a sine wave signal that has a 1 microsecond
period to a spectrum analyzer, we will see an obvious signal on
the scale at 1 megahertz (MHz). We know that frequency is the
inverse of period. Therefore, a sine wave with a period of
microsecond has a frequency of 1MHz. You can measure voltage
from an oscilloscope and power (dBm) from a spectrum

GRF-1300 User Manual and Teaching Materials
17
analyzer. Voltage and power can be converted from one to the
other, so both of them can be used to display the strength of a
signal. Here we introduce a basic concept first. Each frequency
point in the spectrum represents a sinusoidal wave (could be a
sine or cosine) of a single frequency.
What about a square wave? We will now explain how a
square waveform and sine waveform are different to each other
in the frequency domain. If we input a square wave with a
period of 1 microsecond into a spectrum analyzer, its waveform
performance (we usually to say its spectrum or frequency
distribution) is as follows.
If we compare it with a sine wave spectrum, we can
observe that in addition to the point at the1MHz scale, other
signal points also appear at higher frequencies and with
decreased amplitudes. Therefore it shows that a square wave
also includes a combination of signals that are multiples of the
frequency baseband in addition to the 1MHz base frequency
(fundamental frequency).
We can see a classic relationship between the time
domain and frequency domain in the illustration below. A
square wave signal in the time domain can be decomposed into
multiple basic harmonic waves. The distribution of these
harmonic components can be clearly seen in the frequency
domain. Frequency domain analysis describes the characteristics
of a signal from another viewpoint.

OVERVIEW of the TIME and FREQUENCY DOMAIN
18
Time domain Frequency domain
