Hameg Hm 2005 User manual

Oscilloscope

HM 2005

ENGLISH

MANUAL • HANDBUCH • MANUEL

AUTOSET

A/ALT. DEL.TRIG

TRS

READ

OUT

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

INV.

VAR.

OFF

∆V

∆t1

∆t

1kHz

1MHz

INPUT CH I (HOR. INP.(X))

AC/DC

CAL.

0.2 Vpp

CURSOR

CH I/II

I/II

MENU max.

250 Vp

1MΩII

15pF

INPUT CH II

max.

250 Vp

1MΩII

15pF

TRIG. EXT. INP

max.

100 Vp

(Z)

x1/x10 INV.

x1/x10

200 MHz

ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPE

HM2005

Instruments

TRK

CAT

!!!

GD AC/DC GD

CH I CH II

DEL.POS.

ADD

CHP. VAR.VAR.

DUAL

X-Y

VOLTS / DIV. VOLTS / DIV. TIME / DIV.

5V 1mV 5V 1mV 0.5s 20ns

TRIG. MODE

TRIG.

ALT

CHI AC

TVL

TVF

CHII

EXT

Y-POS. I Y-POS. II LEVEL X-POS.

X-

MAG.

POWER INTENS

EXIT

SAVE

SET

FOCUS

RECALL

BWL

LIMIT

VAR

Tsm005:BD 5RSsn001:t

CH1:=100mV CH2 :~100mV CHP

Subject to change without notice

MANUAL•HANDBUCH•MANUEL

Subject to change without notice

St.300802-Hüb/tke/hz

General information regarding the CE marking ............. 4

Specifications HM2005 ..................................................... 5

Important hints .................................................................. 6

Useof tilt handle ............................................................. 6

Safety ............................................................................. 6

Intended purpose and operating conditions .................. 6

EMC ............................................................................... 7

Warranty ......................................................................... 7

Maintenance .................................................................. 7

Protective Switch-Off ..................................................... 7

Power supply .................................................................. 7

Basics of signal voltage .................................................... 8

Type of signal voltage .................................................... 8

Amplitude Measurements ............................................. 8

Total value of input voltage ............................................ 9

Time Measurements...................................................... 9

Connection of Test Signal ............................................... 10

Controls and Readout ....................................................... 11

Menu ................................................................................... 21

FirstTime Operation .......................................................... 22

Trace Rotation TR ........................................................... 22

Probe compensation and use ........................................ 22

Adjustment at 1kHz ....................................................... 22

Adjustment at 1MHz ...................................................... 23

Operating modes of the

vertical amplifiers in Yt mode ......................................... 23

X-Y Operation ................................................................. 24

Phase comparison with Lissajous figures ..................... 24

Phase difference measurement

in DUAL mode (Yt) ......................................................... 24

Measurement of amplitude modulation ........................ 25

Triggering and Time Base .................................................. 25

Automatic Peak (value) -Triggering ................................. 26

Normal Triggering ........................................................... 26

- Slope ...................................................................... 26

Trigger coupling .............................................................. 26

Triggering of video signals ............................................. 27

Line triggering (~) ........................................................... 27

Alternate triggering ........................................................ 27

External triggering .......................................................... 28

Trigger indicator “TR” .................................................... 28

HOLD OFF-time adjustment .......................................... 28

B-Time Base (2nd Time Base)/

Triggering after Delay ..................................................... 29

AUTOSET ............................................................................ 29

Main Value Display ............................................................ 30

ComponentTester .............................................................. 30

General ........................................................................... 30

Using the Component Tester ......................................... 30

Test Pattern Displays ...................................................... 30

Testing Resistors ............................................................ 30

Testing Capacitors and Inductors .................................. 30

Testing Semiconductors ................................................ 31

Testing Diodes ............................................................... 31

Testing Transistors .......................................................... 31

In-Circuit Tests ................................................................ 31

Adjustments ....................................................................... 32

RS-232 Interface ................................................................. 32

Operation ....................................................................... 32

Baud-Rate Setting .......................................................... 32

Front panel HM2005 .......................................................... 34

Oscilloscope

HM 2005

Table of contents

Subject to change without notice

General information regarding the CE marking

HAMEG instruments fulfill the regulations of the EMC directive. The conformity test made by HAMEG is based on the actual generic- and product

standards. In cases where different limit values are applicable, HAMEG applies the severer standard. For emission the limits for residential, commercial

and light industry are applied. Regarding the immunity (susceptibility) the limits for industrial environment have been used.

The measuring- and data lines of the instrument have much influence on emmission and immunity and therefore on meeting the acceptance limits.

For different applications the lines and/or cables used may be different. For measurement operation the following hints and conditions regarding

emission and immunity should be observed:

1. Data cables

For the connection between instruments resp. their interfaces and external devices, (computer, printer etc.) sufficiently screened cables must be

used. Without a special instruction in the manual for a reduced cable length, the maximum cable length of a dataline must be less than 3 meters and

not be used outside buildings. If an interface has several connectors only one connector must have a connection to a cable.

Basically interconnections must have a double screening. For IEEE-bus purposes the double screened cables HZ72S and HZ72L from HAMEG are

suitable.

2. Signal cables

Basically test leads for signal interconnection between test point and instrument should be as short as possible. Without instruction in the manual for

a shorter length, signal lines must be less than 3 meters and not be used outside buildings.

Signal lines must screened (coaxial cable - RG58/U). A proper ground connection is required. In combination with signal generators double screened

cables (RG223/U, RG214/U) must be used.

3. Influence on measuring instruments.

Under the presence of strong high frequency electric or magnetic fields, even with careful setup of the measuring equipment an influence of such

signals is unavoidable.

This will not cause damage or put the instrument out of operation. Small deviations of the measuring value (reading) exceeding the instruments

specifications may result from such conditions in individual cases.

4. RF immunity of oscilloscopes.

4.1 Electromagnetic RF field

The influence of electric and magnetic RF fields may become visible (e.g. RF superimposed), if the field intensity is high. In most cases the coupling

into the oscilloscope takes place via the device under test, mains/line supply, test leads, control cables and/or radiation. The device under test as well

as the oscilloscope may be effected by such fields.

Although the interior of the oscilloscope is screened by the cabinet, direct radiation can occur via the CRT gap. As the bandwidth of each amplifier

stage is higher than the total –3dB bandwidth of the oscilloscope, the influence RF fields of even higher frequencies may be noticeable.

4.2 Electrical fast transients / electrostatic discharge

Electrical fast transient signals (burst) may be coupled into the oscilloscope directly via the mains/line supply, or indirectly via test leads and/or control

cables. Due to the high trigger and input sensitivity of the oscilloscopes, such normally high signals may effect the trigger unit and/or may become

visible on the CRT, which is unavoidable. These effects can also be caused by direct or indirect electrostatic discharge.

KONFORMITÄTSERKLÄRUNG

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

DECLARATION DE CONFORMITE

Herstellers HAMEG GmbH

Manufacturer Industriestraße 6

Fabricant D-63533 Mainhausen

Die HAMEG GmbH bescheinigt die Konformität für das Produkt

The HAMEG GmbH herewith declares conformity of the product

HAMEG GmbH déclare la conformite du produit

Bezeichnung / Product name / Designation:

Oszilloskop/Oscilloscope/Oscilloscope

Typ / Type / Type: HM2005

mit / with / avec: —

Optionen / Options / Options: —

mit den folgenden Bestimmungen / with applicable regulations / avec les

directives suivantes

EMV Richtlinie 89/336/EWG ergänzt durch 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EWG

EMC Directive 89/336/EEC amended by 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EEC

Directive EMC 89/336/CEE amendée par 91/263/EWG, 92/31/CEE

Niederspannungsrichtlinie 73/23/EWG ergänzt durch 93/68/EWG

Low-Voltage Equipment Directive 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC

Directive des equipements basse tension 73/23/CEE amendée par 93/68/CEE

15.01.2001

Angewendete harmonisierte Normen / Harmonized standards applied / Normes

harmonisées utilisées

Sicherheit / Safety / Sécurité

EN 61010-1: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1010-1: 1990 A 1: 1992 / VDE 0411: 1994

EN 61010-1/A2: 1995 / IEC 1010-1/A2: 1995 / VDE 0411 Teil 1/A1: 1996-05

Überspannungskategorie / Overvoltage category / Catégorie de surtension: II

Verschmutzungsgrad / Degree of pollution / Degré de pollution: 2

Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit / Electromagnetic compatibility /

Compatibilité électromagnétique

EN 61326-1/A1

Störaussendung / Radiation / Emission:Tabelle / table / tableau 4; Klasse / Class /

Classe B.

Störfestigkeit / Immunity / Imunitee:Tabelle / table / tableau A1.

EN 61000-3-2/A14

Oberschwingungsströme / Harmonic current emissions / Émissions de courant

harmonique: Klasse / Class / Classe D.

EN 61000-3-3

Spannungsschwankungen u. Flicker /Voltage fluctuations and flicker /

Fluctuations de tension et du flicker.

Datum /Date /Date Unterschrift / Signature /Signatur

E. Baumgartner

Technical Manager /Directeur Technique

General Information

Subject to change without notice

Specifications

Vertical Deflection

Operating modes: Channel I or II separate,

Channel I and II: alternate or chopped

Chopper Frequency: approx. 0.5MHz

Sum or difference: from CH I and CH II

Invert: both channels

XY-Mode: via channel I (X) and channel II (Y)

Frequency range: 2x DC to 200MHz (-3dB)

incl. Bandwidth Limiter:

2x DC to approx. 50MHz (-3dB)

Min Rise Time: <1.75ns

Overshoot: ≤1%

Deflection coefficients: 12 calibrated steps

1mV to 2mV/div.: ±5% (DC – 10MHz (-3dB))

5mV/div. to 5V/div.: ±3% in 1-2-5 sequence

with variable 2.5:1 up to 12,5V/div.

Input impedance: 1MΩII 15pF

Input coupling: DC-AC-GD (ground)

Input voltage: max. 250V (DC + peak AC)

Delay line: approx. 70ns

Tr i g ge r i n g

Automatic (pp): ≤≤

≤≤

≤20Hz-300MHz (≥0.5div.)

Normal with lev. contr.: DC-300MHz (≥0.5div.)

Indicator for trigger action: LED

Slope: positive or negative

Sources: Channel I or II, line and external

ALT. Triggering: CH I/CH II (≥0.8div.)

Coupling: AC (10Hz – 300MHz), DC (0 – 300MHz),

HF (50kHz – 300MHz), LF (0 –1.5kHz),

NR (noise reject): 0-50MHz (≥0.8div.)

Triggering time base B: normal with level control

and slope selection (0 – 300 MHz)

Active TV Sync. Separator: field and line, + / –

External: ≥0.3Vpp (0 – 200MHz)

Horizontal Deflection

Time base A: 23 calibrated steps (±3%)

from 0.5s/div. – 20ns/div. in 1-2-5 sequence

variable 2.5:1 up to 1.25s/div.

X-Mag. x10: 2ns/div. (±5%)

Holdoff time: variable to approx. 10:1

Time base B: 19 calibrated steps (±3%)

from 20ms/div. to 20ns/div. in 1-2-5 sequence

Operating modes: A or B, alternate A/B

Bandwidth X-amplifier: 0 – 5MHz (-3dB)

Input X-amplifier: via Channel I

Sensitivity: see CH I

X-Y phase shift: <3° below 220kHz

Operation / Control

Manual (front panel switches)

Auto Set (automatic parameter selection)

Save/Recall: 9 user-defined parameter settings

Readout: Display of parameter settings

Cursor measurement: ∆V, ∆t or ∆1/t (frequ.)

Remote control: with built in RS-232 interface

ComponentTester

Test voltage: approx. 7Vrms (o/c) approx. 50Hz

Test current: approx. 7mArms (s/c) approx. 50Hz

One test lead is grounded (Safety Earth)

General Information

CRT: D14-375GH, 8x10cm, internal graticule

Acceleration voltage: approx. 14kV

Trace rotation: adjustable on front panel

Calibrator: 0,2V ±1%, ≈ 1kHz/1MHz (tr<4ns)

Z-Input (Intensity modulation):max. +5V (TTL)

Line Voltage / Power consumption: 100-240V

AC ±10% / approx.43Watt. 50/60Hz

Min./Max. ambient temperature: +10°C ...+ 40°C

Protective system: Safety class I (IEC1010-1)

Weight: approx. 5.9kg.

Size (W x H x D): 285 x 125 x 380 mm

Color: techno-brown

HM 2005 –

Analog Oscilloscope (200 MHz)

Autoset, Save/Recall, Readout/Cursor and RS-232 Interface

2 x DC to 100 MHz, 2 x 1mV/div to 5V/div

Time Base A: 0.5s/div to 2ns/div,

Time Base B: 20ms/div to 2ns/div

Triggering DC to 300 MHz, Peak Triggering; Component Tester

1 kHz/1 MHz Calibrator, TV Sync Separator,

Built in Adjustment Menu

This microprocessor controlled oscilloscope have been designed for a wide

multitude of applications in service and industry. For ease of operation, the

AUTOSET function allows for signal related automatic setup of measuring

parameters. On screen alphanumeric readout and cursor functions for voltage,

time and frequency measurement provide extraordinary operational convenience.

Nine different user defined instrument settings can be saved and recalled without

restriction.

The built in RS-232 serial interface permits remote controlled operation by a

PC. The outstanding feature of the HM 2005 include a second time base with the

ability to magnify, over 1000 times, extremely small portions of the input signal.

The second time base has its own triggering controls, to allow a stable and

precisely referenced display of asynchronous or jittery signal segments. The

trigger circuit is designed to provide reliable triggering to over 300 MHz at signal

levels as low as 0.5 div. An active TV Sync Separator for TV signal tracing

ensures accurate triggering even with noisy signals.

The HM2005have a built in switchable calibrator, which checks the instrument’s

transient response characteristics. The essential high frequency compensation of

wide band probes can be performed with this calibrator. The built in adjustment

menu allows closed case adjustment procedures. The instruments offer the right

combination of triggering control, frequency response, and time base versatility to

facilitate measurements in a wide range of applications - in laboratory as well as in

field service use. It is another example of HAMEGs dedication to engineering

excellence.

Accessories supplied: Operators Manual and PC-Software on CD-ROM, 2

Probes 1:1/10:1 and Line Cord.

HM 2005 · Specifications

Subject to change without notice

20°

10°

Important hints

This oscilloscope is easy to operate. The logical arrangement of

the controls allows anyone to quickly become familiar with the

operation of the instrument, however, experienced users are also

advised to read through these instructions so that all functions

are understood.

Immediately after unpacking, the instrument should be checked

for mechanical damage and loose parts in the interior. If there is

transport damage, the supplier must be informed immediately.

The instrument must then not be put into operation.

Symbols

ATTENTION - refer to manual

Danger - High voltage

Protective ground (earth) terminal

Use of tilt handle

To view the screen from the best angle, there are three different

positions (C, D, E) for setting up the instrument. If the instrument

is set down on the floor after being carried, the handle

automatically remains in the upright carrying position (A). In order

to place the instrument onto a horizontal surface, the handle

should be turned to the upper side of the oscilloscope (C). For

the D position (10° inclination), the handle should be turned to

the opposite direction of the carrying position until it locks in

place automatically underneath the instrument.

For the E position (20° inclination), the handle should be pulled

to release it from the D position and swing backwards until it

locks once more. The handle may also be set to a position for

horizontal carrying by turning it to the upper side to lock in the B

position. At the same time, the instrument must be lifted, because

otherwise the handle will jump back.

Safety

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance

with IEC Publication 1010-1, Safety requirements for electrical

equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use. The

CENELEC regulations EN 61010-1 correspond to this standard. It

hasleft the factory in a safe condition. This instruction manual

contains important information and warnings which have to be

followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain the

oscilloscope in a safe condition.

The case, chassis and all measuring terminals are connected to

the protective earth contact of the appliance inlet. The instrument

operates according to Safety Class I (three conductor power cord

with protective earthing conductor and a plug with earthing

contact). The accessible metal parts (case, sockets, jacks) and

the mains/line supply contacts (live, neutral) have been tested

against insulation breakdown with 2200V DC. The mains/line plug

shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective

earth contact. The protective action must not be negated by the

use of an extension cord without a protective conductor.

Most cathode-ray tubes develop X-rays. However, the dose

equivalent rate falls far below the maximum permissible value of

36pA/kg (0.5mR/h).

Whenever it is likely that protection has been impaired, the

instrument shall be made inoperative and be secured against any

unintended operation. The protection is likely to be impaired if, for

example, the instrument

shows visible damage,

fails to perform the intended measurements,

has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavorable

conditions (e.g. in the open or in moist environments),

has been subject to severe transport stress (e.g. in poor

packaging).

Intended purpose and operating conditions

Attention!

This instrument must be used only by qualified experts who

are aware of the risks of electrical measurement.

Due to safety reasons the instrument must only be connected to

a properly installed power outlet, containing a protective earth

conductor. The protective earth connection must not be broken.

The mains/line plug must be inserted before connections are

made to measuring circuits.

CAT I

This instrument is intended for measurement of circuits either

not at all or not directly connected to mains/line (CAT I). Direct

measuring (without galvanic separation) within measuring

category II, III and IV circuits is inadmissible.

Circuits of a device under test are not connected directly with

mains/line if the device under test is operated via an isolation

transformer (Safety Class II). It is also possible to use suitable

transducers (e.g. Current Probe) that meet the demands of

protective class II, to measure indirect at mains/line. The

transducer’s measuring category must be observed.

Measuring Categories

The measuring category relates to transients on mains/line.

Transients are short and fast voltage and current changes that

may appear periodically or aperiodically. The amplitude of

transients increases with decreasing distance to the low voltage

installation source.

Category IV: has the highest demands on isolation etc. and is

required for measurement at the low voltage installation source

(e.g. at the supply meter).

Category III: is for measurement within the building installation

at e.g. terminal block, power switch, fixed motor, wall outlet etc.

Category II: measurement at circuits connected to the low

voltage installation such as home appliances, portable tools etc.

Important hints

Subject to change without notice

Field of application

The instrument is specified for operation in industry, light industry,

commercial and residential environments.

The instrument has been designed for indoor use. The permissible

ambient temperature range during operation is +10°C (+50°F) ...

+40°C (+104°F). It may occasionally be subjected to temperatures

between +10°C (+50°F) and -10°C (+14°F) without degrading its

safety. The permissible ambient temperature range for storage or

transportation is -40°C (-40°F) ... +70°C (+158°F). The maximum

operating altitude is up to 2200m (non-operating 15000m). The

maximum relative humidity is up to 80%.

If condensed water exists in the instrument it should be

acclimatized before switching on. In some cases (e.g. extremely

cold oscilloscope) two hours should be allowed before the

instrument is put into operation. The instrument should be kept

in a clean and dry room and must not be operated in explosive,

corrosive, dusty, or moist environments. The oscilloscope can be

operated in any position, but the convection cooling must not be

impaired. The ventilation holes may not be covered. For continuous

operation the instrument should be used in the horizontal position,

preferably tilted upwards, resting on the tilt handle.

The specifications stating tolerances are only valid if the instrument

has warmed up for 30minutes at an ambient temperature between

+15°C (+59°F) and +30°C (+86°F). Values without tolerances are

typical for an average instrument.

EMC

This instrument conforms to the European standards regarding

the electromagnetic compatibility. The applied standards are:

Generic immunity standard EN50082-2:1995 (for industrial

environment) Generic emission standard EN50081-1:1992 ( for

residential, commercial and light industry environment).

This means that the instrument has been tested to the highest

standards. Please note that under the influence of strong

electromagnetic fields, such signals may be superimposed

on the measured signals.

Under certain conditions this is

unavoidable due to the instrument’s high input sensitivity, high

input impedance and bandwidth. Shielded measuring cables,

shielding and earthing of the device under test may reduce or

eliminate those effects.

Warranty

HAMEG warrants to its Customers that the products it

manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials

and workmanship for a period of 2 years. This warranty shall

not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper

use or inadequate maintenance and care. HAMEG shall not be

obliged to provide service under this warranty to repair damage

resulting from attempts by personnel other than HAMEG

representatives to install, repair, service or modify these products.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customers must

contact and notify the distributor who has sold the product. Each

instrument is subjected to a quality test with 10 hour burn-in

before leaving the production. Practically all early failures are

detected by this method. In the case of shipments by post, rail

or carrier the original packing must be used. Transport damages

and damage due to gross negligence are not covered by the

guarantee.

In the case of a complaint, a label should be attached to the

housing of the instrument which describes briefly the faults

observed. If at the same time the name and telephone number

(dialing code and telephone or direct number or department

designation) is stated for possible queries, this helps towards

speeding up the processing of guarantee claims.

Maintenance

Various important properties of the oscilloscope should be

carefully checked at certain intervals. Only in this way is it largely

certain that all signals are displayed with the accuracy on which

the technical data are based. Purchase of the HAMEG scope

tester HZ 60, which despite its low price is highly suitable for

tasks of this type, is very much recommended. The exterior of

the oscilloscope should be cleaned regularly with a dusting brush.

Dirt which is difficult to remove on the casing and handle, the

plastic and aluminum parts, can be removed with a moistened

cloth (99% water +1% mild detergent). Spirit or washing benzene

(petroleum ether) can be used to remove greasy dirt. The screen

may be cleaned with water or washing benzene (but not with

spirit (alcohol) or solvents), it must then be wiped with a dry

clean lint-free cloth. Under no circumstances may the cleaning

fluid get into the instrument. The use of other cleaning agents

can attack the plastic and paint surfaces.

Protective Switch Off

This instrument is equipped with a switch mode power supply. It

has both over voltage and overload protection, which will cause

the switch mode supply to limit power consumption to a

minimum. In this case a ticking noise may be heard.

Power supply

The instrument operates on mains/line voltages between 100VAC

and 240VAC. No means of switching to different input voltages

has therefore been provided.

The power input fuse is externally accessible. The fuse holder

and the 3 pole power connector is an integrated unit. The power

input fuse can be exchanged after the rubber connector is

removed. The fuse holder can be released by lever action with

the aid of a screwdriver. The starting point is a slot located on

contact pin side. The fuse can then be pushed out of the mounting

and replaced.

The fuse holder must be pushed in against the spring pressure

and locked. Use of patched fuses or short circuiting of the fuse

holder is not permissible; HAMEG assumes no liability whats-

oever for any damage caused as a result, and all warranty claims

become null and void.

Fuse type:

Size 5x20mm; 0.8A, 250V AC fuse;

must meet IEC specification 127,

Sheet III (or DIN 41 662

or DIN 41 571, sheet 3).

Time characteristic: time lag.

Attention!

There is a fuse located inside the instrument within

the switch mode power supply:

Size 5x20mm; 0.8A, 250V AC fuse;

must meet IEC specification 127,

Sheet III (or DIN 41 662

or DIN 41 571, sheet 3).

Time characteristic: fast (F).

The operator must not replace this fuse!

Important hints

Subject to change without notice

Basics of signal voltage

Type of signal voltage

The oscilloscope HM2005 allows examination of DC voltages and

most repetitive signals in the frequency range up to at least

200MHz (-3dB). The vertical amplifiers have been designed for

minimum overshoot and therefore permit a true signal display.

The display of sinusoidal signals within the bandwidth limits

causes no problems, but an increasing error in measurement

due to gain reduction must be taken into account when measuring

high frequency signals.These errors become noticeable at approx.

100MHz. At approx. 120MHz the reduction is approx. 10% and

the real voltage value is 11% higher. The gain reduction error can

not be defined exactly as the -3dB bandwidth of the amplifiers

differ between 200MHz and 220MHz.

For sine wave signals the -6dB limits are approx. 280MHz.

When examining square or pulse type waveforms, attention must

be paid to the harmonic content of such signals. The repetition

frequency (fundamental frequency) of the signal must therefore

be significantly smaller than the upper limit frequency of the

vertical amplifier.

Displaying composite signals can be difficult, especially if they

contain no repetitive higher amplitude content which can be used

for triggering.This is the case with bursts, for instance.To obtain

a well triggered display in this case, the assistance of the variable

holdoff function or the second time base may be required.

Television video signals are relatively easy to trigger using the

built in TV-Sync-Separator (TV).

For optional operation as a DC or AC voltage amplifier, each vertical

amplifier input is provided with a DC/AC switch. DC coupling

should only be used with a series connected attenuator probe or

at very low frequencies or if the measurement of the DC voltage

content of the signal is absolutely necessary.

When displaying very low frequency pulses, the flat tops may be

sloping with AC coupling of the vertical amplifier (AC limit frequency

approx. 1.6 Hz for 3dB). In this case, DC operation is preferred,

provided the signal voltage is not superimposed on a too high DC

level. Otherwise a capacitor of adequate capacitance must be

connected to the input of the vertical amplifier with DC coupling.

This capacitor must have a sufficiently high breakdown voltage rating.

DC coupling is also recommended for the display of logic and pulse

signals, especially if the pulse duty factor changes constantly.

Otherwise the display will move upwards or downwards at each

change. Pure direct voltages can only be measured with DC-coupling.

The input coupling is selectable by the AC/DC pushbutton. The

actual setting is displayed in the readout with the “ = “ symbol

for DC- and the “ ~ “ symbol for AC coupling.

Amplitude Measurements

In general electrical engineering, alternating voltage data normally

refers to effective values (rms = root-mean-square value).

However, for signal magnitudes and voltage designations in

oscilloscope measurements, the peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) value

is applied. The latter corresponds to the real potential difference

between the most positive and most negative points of a signal

waveform.

If a sinusoidal waveform, displayed on the oscilloscope screen,

is to be converted into an effective (rms) value, the resulting peak-

to-peak value must be divided by 2x√2 = 2.83. Conversely, it

should be observed that sinusoidal voltages indicated in Vrms

(Veff) have 2.83 times the potential difference in Vpp. The

relationship between the different voltage magnitudes can be

seen from the following figure.

Voltage values of a sine curve

Vrms = effective value; Vp= simple peak or crest value;

Vpp = peak-to-peak value; Vmom = momentary value.

The minimum signal voltage which must be applied to the Y input

for a trace of 1div height is 1mVpp (± 5%) when this deflection

coefficient is displayed on the screen (readout) and the vernier is

switched off (VAR-LED dark). However, smaller signals than this

may also be displayed. The deflection coefficients are indicated

in mV/div or V/div (peak-to-peak value).

The magnitude of the applied voltage is ascertained by multiplying

the selected deflection coefficient by the vertical display height

in div. If an attenuator probe x10 is used, a further multiplication

by a factor of 10 is required to ascertain the correct voltage value.

For exact amplitude measurements, the variable control (VAR)

must be set to its calibrated detent CAL position.

With the variable control activated the deflection sensitivity can

be reduced up to a ratio of 2.5 to 1 (

please note “Controls and

Readout”

). Therefore any intermediate value is possible within

the 1-2-5 sequence of the attenuator(s).

With direct connection to the vertical input, signals up to

100Vpp may be displayed (attenuator set to 5V/div,

variable control to 2.5:1).

With the designations

H= display height in div,

U= signal voltage in Vpp at the vertical input,

D= deflection coefficient in V/div at attenuator switch,

the required value can be calculated from the two given quantities:

However, these three values are not freely selectable.They have

to be within the following limits (trigger threshold, accuracy of

reading):

Hbetween 0.5 and 8div, if possible 3.2 to 8div,

Ubetween 1mVpp and 40Vpp,

Dbetween 1mV/div and 5V/div in 1-2-5 sequence.

Basics of signal voltage

Subject to change without notice

Examples:

Set deflection coefficient D= 50mV/div (0.05V/div),

observed display height H= 4.6div,

required voltage U= 0.05x4.6 = 0.23Vpp.

Input voltage U = 5Vpp,

set deflection coefficient D= 1V/div,

required display height H= 5:1 = 5div.

Signal voltage U= 230Vrmsx2

√

2 = 651Vpp

(voltage > 400Vpp, with probe 100:1: U= 65.1Vpp),

desired display height H= min. 3.2div, max. 8div,

max. deflection coefficient D= 6.51:3.2 = 2.03V/div,

min. deflection coefficient D= 6.51:8 = 0.81V/div,

adjusted deflection coefficient D= 1V/div.

The previous examples are related to the crt graticule reading.

The results can also be determined with the aid of the ∆V cursor

measurement (

please note “Controls and Readout”

The input voltage must not exceed 250V, independent from the

polarity.

If an AC voltage which is superimposed on a DC voltage is

applied, the maximum peak value of both voltages must not

exceed + or –250V. So for AC voltages with a mean value of zero

volt the maximum peak to peak value is 500Vpp.

If attenuator probes with higher limits are used, the probes

limits are valid only if the oscilloscope is set to DC input

coupling.

If DC voltages are applied under AC input coupling conditions

the oscilloscope maximum input voltage value remains 250V.

The attenuator consists of a resistor in the probe and the 1MΩ

input resistor of the oscilloscope, which are disabled by the AC

input coupling capacity when AC coupling is selected. This also

applies to DC voltages with superimposed AC voltages.

It also must be noted that due to the capacitive resistance of the

AC input coupling capacitor, the attenuation ratio depends on

the signal frequency. For sine wave signals with frequencies

higher than 40Hz this influence is negligible.

With the above listed exceptions HAMEG 10:1 probes can be

used for DC measurements up to 600V or AC voltages (with a

mean value of zero volt) of 1200Vpp. The 100:1 probe HZ53

allows for 1200V DC or 2400Vpp for AC.

It should be noted that its AC peak value is derated at higher

frequencies. If a normal x10 probe is used to measure high

voltages there is the risk that the compensation trimmer bridging

the attenuator series resistor will break down causing damage

to the input of the oscilloscope.

However, if for example only the residual ripple of a high voltage

is to be displayed on the oscilloscope, a normal x10 probe is

sufficient. In this case, an appropriate high voltage capacitor

(approx. 22-68nF) must be connected in series with the input tip

of the probe.

With Y-POS. control (input coupling to GD) it is possible to use a

horizontal graticule line as reference line for ground potential

before the measurement. It can lie below or above the horizontal

central line according to whether positive and/or negative

deviations from the ground potential are to be measured.

Total value of input voltage

The dotted line shows a voltage alternating at zero volt level. If

superimposed on a DC voltage, the addition of the positive peak

and the DC voltage results in the max. voltage (DC + ACpeak).

Time Measurements

As a rule, most signals to be displayed are periodically repeating

processes, also called periods.The number of periods per second

is the repetition frequency. Depending on the time base setting

(TIME/DIV.-knob) indicated by the readout, one or several signal

periods or only a part of a period can be displayed. The time

coefficients are stated in ms/div, µs/div or ns/div.The following

examples are related to the crt graticule reading. The results can

also be determined with the aid of the ∆T and 1/∆T (frequency)

cursor measurement (

please note “ Controls and Readout”

The duration of a signal period or a part of it is determined by

multiplying the relevant time (horizontal distance in div) by the

(calibrated) time coefficient displayed in the readout .

Uncalibrated, the time base speed can be reduced until a

maximum factor of 2.5 is reached. Therefore any intermediate

value is possible within the 1-2-5 sequence.

With the designations

L= displayed wave length in div of one period,

T= time in seconds for one period,

F= recurrence frequency in Hz of the signal,

Tc = time coefficient in ms, µs or ns/div and the relation

F= 1/T, the following equations can be stated:

However, these four values are not freely selectable. They have

to be within the following limits:

Lbetween 0.2 and 10div, if possible 4 to 10div,

Tbetween 2ns and 5s,

Fbetween 0.5Hz and 300MHz,

Tc between 20ns/div and 500ms/div in 1-2-5 sequence

(with X-MAG. (x10) inactive), and

Tc between 2ns/div and 50ms/div in 1-2-5 sequence

(with X-MAG. (x10) active).

Examples:

Displayed wavelength L = 7div,

set time coefficient Tc = 100ns/div,

to be continued see next page

Basics of signal voltage

Subject to change without notice

required period T = 7x100x10-9 = 0.7µs

required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.7x10-6) = 1.428MHz.

Signal period T = 1s,

set time coefficient Tc = 0.2s/div,

required wavelength L = 1:0.2 = 5div.

Displayed ripple wavelength L = 1div,

set time coefficient Tc = 10ms/div,

required ripple freq. F = 1:(1x10x10-3) = 100Hz.

TV-Line frequency F = 15625Hz,

set time coefficient Tc = 10µs/div,

required wavelength L = 1:(15 625x10-5) = 6.4div.

Sine wavelength L = min. 4div, max. 10div,

Frequency F = 1kHz,

max. time coefficient Tc = 1:(4x103) = 0.25ms/div,

min. time coefficient Tc = 1:(10x103) = 0.1ms/div,

set time coefficient Tc = 0.2ms/div,

required wavelength L = 1:(103x0.2x10-3) = 5div.

Displayed wavelength L = 0.8div,

set time coefficient Tc = 0.5µs/div,

pressed X-MAG. (x10) button: Tc = 0.05µs/div,

required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.8x0.05x10-6) = 25MHz,

required period T = 1:(25x106) = 40ns.

If the time is relatively short as compared with the complete

signal period, an expanded time scale should always be applied

(X-MAG. (x10) active). In this case, the time interval of interest

can be shifted to the screen center using the X-POS. control.

When investigating pulse or square waveforms, the critical feature

is the rise time of the voltage step. To ensure that transients,

ramp-offs, and bandwidth limits do not unduly influence the

measuring accuracy, the rise time is generally measured between

10% and 90% of the vertical pulse height. For measurement,

adjust the Y deflection coefficient using its variable function

(uncalibrated) together with the Y-POS. control so that the pulse

height is precisely aligned with the 0% and 100% lines of the

internal graticule.The 10% and 90% points of the signal will now

coincide with the 10% and 90% graticule lines. The rise time is

given by the product of the horizontal distance in div between

these two coincident points and the calibrated time coefficient

setting. The fall time of a pulse can also be measured by using

this method.

With a time coefficient of 2ns/div (X x10 magnification active),

the example shown in the above figure results in a total measured

rise time of

ttot = 1.6div x 2ns/div = 3.2ns

When very fast rise times are being measured, the rise times of

the oscilloscope amplifier and of the attenuator probe has to be

deducted from the measured time value. The rise time of the

signal can be calculated using the following formula.

tr= √ttot2- tosc2- tp2

In this ttot is the total measured rise time, tosc is the rise time of

the oscilloscope amplifier (HM2005 approx. 1.75ns), and tpthe

rise time of the probe (e.g. = 1.4ns). If ttot is greater than 16ns,

then ttot can be taken as the rise time of the pulse, and calculation

is unnecessary.

Calculation of the example in the figure above results in a signal

rise time

tr= √3.22– 1.752– 1.42 = 2.28ns

The measurement of the rise or fall time is not limited to the

trace dimensions shown in the above diagram. It is only

particularly simple in this way. In principle it is possible to measure

in any display position and at any signal amplitude. It is only

important that the full height of the signal edge of interest is

visible in its full length at not too great steepness and that the

horizontal distance at 10% and 90% of the amplitude is measured.

If the edge shows rounding or overshooting, the 100% should

not be related to the peak values but to the mean pulse heights.

Breaks or peaks (glitches) next to the edge are also not taken

into account. With very severe transient distortions, the rise and

fall time measurement has little meaning. For amplifiers with

approximately constant group delay (therefore good pulse

transmission performance) the following numerical relationship

between rise time tr (in ns) and bandwidth B (in MHz) applies:

Connection ofTest Signal

In most cases briefly depressing the AUTOSET causes a useful

signal related instrument setting.The following explanations refer

to special applications and/or signals, demanding a manual

instrument setting.

The description of the controls is explained

in the section “Controls and Readout”

Caution:

When connecting unknown signals to the oscilloscope

input, always use automatic triggering and set the input

coupling switch to AC (readout). The attenuator should

initially be set to 5V/div.

Sometimes the trace will disappear after an input signal has been

applied. Then a higher deflection coefficient (lower input

sensitivity) must be chosen until the vertical signal height is only

3-8div. With a signal amplitude greater than 40Vpp and the

deflection coefficient (VOLTS/DIV.) in calibrated condition, an

attenuator probe must be inserted before the vertical input. If,

after applying the signal, the trace is nearly blanked, the period

of the signal is probably substantially longer than the set time

deflection coefficient (TIME/DIV.). It should be switched to an

adequately larger time coefficient.

The signal to be displayed can be connected directly to the Y-

input of the oscilloscope with a shielded test cable such as HZ32

or HZ34, or reduced through a x10 or x100 attenuator probe. The

use of test cables with high impedance circuits is only

recommended for relatively low frequencies (up to approx. 50kHz).

Basics of signal voltage

Subject to change without notice

For higher frequencies, the signal source must be of low impedance,

i.e. matched to the characteristic resistance of the cable (as a rule

50Ω). Especially when transmitting square and pulse signals, a

resistor equal to the characteristic impedance of the cable must

also be connected across the cable directly at the Y-input of the

oscilloscope. When using a 50Ωcable such as the HZ34, a 50Ω

through termination type HZ22 is available from HAMEG. When

transmitting square signals with short rise times, transient

phenomena on the edges and top of the signal may become visible

if the correct termination is not used. A terminating resistance is

sometimes recommended with sine signals as well. Certain

amplifiers, generators or their attenuators maintain the nominal

output voltage independent of frequency only if their connection

cable is terminated with the prescribed resistance. Here it must be

noted that the terminating resistor HZ22 will only dissipate a

maximum of 2 Watts. This power is reached with 10Vrms or at

28.3Vpp with sine signal. If a x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used,

no termination is necessary. In this case, the connecting cable is

matched directly to the high impedance input of the oscilloscope.

When using attenuators probes, even high internal impedance

sources are only slightly loaded (approx. 10MΩII 12pF or 100MΩII

5pF with HZ53).Therefore, if the voltage loss due to the attenuation

of the probe can be compensated by a higher amplitude setting, the

probe should always be used. The series impedance of the probe

provides a certain amount of protection for the input of the vertical

amplifier. Because of their separate manufacture, all attenuator

probes are only partially compensated, therefore accurate

compensation must be performed on the oscilloscope (see Probe

compensation ).

Standard attenuator probes on the oscilloscope normally reduce

its bandwidth and increase the rise time. In all cases where the

oscilloscope bandwidth must be fully utilized (e.g. for pulses with

steep edges) we strongly advise using the probe HZ52 (x10 HF).

This can save the purchase of an oscilloscope with larger

bandwidth.

The probe mentioned has a HF-calibration in addition to low

frequency calibration adjustment. Thus a group delay correction

to the upper limit frequency of the oscilloscope is possible with

the aid of an 1MHz calibrator, e.g. HZ60.

In fact the bandwidth and rise time of the oscilloscope are not

noticeably changed with these probe types and the waveform

reproduction fidelity can even be improved because the probe

can be matched to the oscilloscopes individual pulse response.

If a x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used, DC input coupling

must always be used at voltages above 250V. With AC

coupling of low frequency signals, the attenuation is no

longer independent of frequency, pulses can show pulse

tilts. Direct voltages are suppressed but load the

oscilloscope input coupling capacitor concerned. Its

voltage rating is max. 250 V (DC + peak AC). DC input

coupling is therefore of quite special importance with a

x100 attenuation probe which usually has a voltage rating

of max. 1200 V (DC + peak AC). A capacitor of

corresponding capacitance and voltage rating may be

connected in series with the attenuator probe input for

blocking DC voltage (e.g. for hum voltage measurement).

With all attenuator probes, the maximumAC input voltage must

be derated with frequency usually above 20kHz. Therefore the

derating curve of the attenuator probe type concerned must be

taken into account.

The selection of the ground point on the test object is important

when displaying small signal voltages. It should always be as

close as possible to the measuring point. If this is not done,

serious signal distortion may result from spurious currents

through the ground leads or chassis parts. The ground leads on

attenuator probes are also particularly critical. They should be as

short and thick as possible. When the attenuator probe is

connected to a BNC-socket, a BNC-adapter, should be used. In

this way ground and matching problems are eliminated. Hum or

interference appearing in the measuring circuit (especially when

a small deflection coefficient is used) is possibly caused by

multiple grounding because equalizing currents can flow in the

shielding of the test cables (voltage drop between the protective

conductor connections, caused by external equipment connected

to the mains/line, e.g. signal generators with interference

protection capacitors).

Controls and Readout

The following description assumes that the instrument is

not set to “COMPONENTTESTER” mode.

If the instrument is switched on, all important settings are

displayed in the readout. The LED´s located on the front panel

assist operation and indicate additional information. Incorrect

operation and the electrical end positions of control knobs are

indicated by a warning beep.

Except for the power pushbutton (POWER), the calibrator

frequency pushbutton (CAL. 1kHz/1MHz), the focus control

(FOCUS) and the trace rotation control (TR) all other controls

are electronically selected. All other functions and their settings

can therefore be remote controlled and stored.

The front panel is subdivided into sections. – On the top,

immediately to the right of the CRT screen, the following controls

and LED indicators are placed.

(1) POWER

Pushbutton and symbols for ON (I) and OFF (O).

After the oscilloscope is switched on, all LEDs are lit and an

automated instrument test is performed. During this time

the HAMEG logo and the software version are displayed on

the screen. After the internal test is completed successfully,

the overlay is switched off and the normal operation mode is

present. Then the last used settings become activated and

one LED indicates the ON condition.

Some mode functions can be modified (SETUP) and/or

automated adjustment procedures (CALIBRATE) can be

called if the “MAIN MENU” is present.

For further infor-

mation please note“MENU”

(2) AUTOSET

Briefly depressing this pushbutton (

please note

“AUTOSET”

) automatically selectsYt mode.The instrument

is set to the last usedYt-mode setting (CH I, CH II or DUAL).

Controls and Readout

AUTOSET

RM READ

OUT

200 MHz

ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPE

HM2005

Instruments

POWER INTENS

EXIT

SAVE

SET

FOCUS

RECALL

21 3 4 5 6 7

Subject to change without notice

Even if alternating time base mode or B time base mode

was active before, the instrument is switched automatically

to A time base mode.

Please note “AUTOSET”

Automatic CURSOR supported voltage measurement. If

CURSOR voltage measurement is present, the CURSOR

lines are automatically set to the positive and negative peak

value of the signal. The accuracy of this function decreases

with higher frequencies and is also influenced by the signal‘s

pulse duty factor.

In DUAL mode the CURSOR lines are related to the signal

which is used for internal triggering. If the signal height is

insufficient, the CURSOR lines do not change.

(3) RM

The remote control mode can be switched on or off via the

RS232 interface. In the latter case the “RM” LED is lit and

the electronically selectable controls on front panel are

inactive. This state can be left by depressing the AUTOSET

pushbutton provided it was not deactivated via the interface.

(4) INTENS - READOUT

Knob with associated pushbutton and LEDs.

This control knob is for adjusting the A and B traces and

readout intensity. Turning this knob clockwise increases and

turning it counterclockwise decreases the intensity.

The READOUT pushbutton below is for selecting the function

in two ways.

Depending on the actual time base mode and with the

readout (RO) not switched off, briefly pressing the READOUT

pushbutton switches over the INTENS knob function

indicated by a LED in the sequences:

A - RO - A in condition A time base,

A - RO - B - A if alternate time base mode is present and

B - RO - B in condition B time base.

XY mode: A - RO - A.

Component Test: A - RO - A.

Pressing and holding the READOUT pushbutton switches

the readout on or off. In readout off condition the INTENS

knob function can consequently not be set to RO. Briefly

pressing the pushbutton causes the following sequences:

condition sequence

A time base A - A

Alternate A/B A - B - A

B time base B - B

XY mode A - A

Component Test A - A

Switching the readout off, may be required if interference is

visible on the signal(s). Such interference may also originate

from the chopper generator if the instrument is operated in

chopped DUAL mode. All INTENS-settings are stored after

the instrument is switched off.

The AUTOSET function switches the readout on and selects

A time base mode (A-LED lit). The INTENS setting for each

function is automatically set to the mean value, if less

intensity was previously selected.

(5) TR

The trace rotation control can be adjusted with a small

screwdriver (

please note “trace rotationTR”

)

(6) FOCUS

This control knob effects both the trace and the readout

sharpness.

(7) SAVE / RECALL

The instrument contains 9 non volatile memories.These can

be used by the operator to save instrument settings and to

recall them.This relates to all controls which are electronically

selected.

Press the SAVE pushbutton briefly to start the save

procedure.The readout then indicates the letter “S” followed

by a cipher between 1 and 9, indicating the memory location.

If the instrument settings stored in this memory location

must not be overwritten, briefly press the SAVE or the

RECALL pushbutton to select another memory location. Each

time the SAVE pushbutton is briefly pressed the memory

location cipher increases until the location number 9 is

reached. The RECALL pushbutton function is similar but

decreases the memory location cipher until 1 is reached.

Press and hold SAVE for approx. 3 seconds to write the

instruments settings in the memory and to switch the

associated readout information (e.g. “S8”) off.

To recall a front panel setup, start that procedure by briefly

pressing the RECALL pushbutton.The readout then indicates

the letter “R” and the memory location number. If required,

select a different memory location as described above. Recall

the settings by pressing and holding the RECALL pushbutton

for approx. 3 seconds.

If the SAVE or the RECALL pushbutton was depressed

inadvertently, briefly press both pushbuttons at the same

time or wait approx. 10 seconds without pressing either

pushbutton to exit that function.

Switching the instrument off results in an automatic SAVE

procedure of the present settings in memory location 9 and

overwrites the data in that location. If the instrument settings

in memory location 9 are of importance, RECALL 9 before

switching the instrument off.

Attention:

Make sure that the signal to be displayed is similar to the

one that was present when the settings were stored. If

the signal is different (frequency, amplitude) to the one

during storage then a distorted display may result.

The setting controls and LED’s for the Y amplifiers, modes,

triggering and time bases are located underneath the sector of

the front panel described before (Responding picture see next

page).

(8)TRS – Pushbutton wit associated LED.

The instrument contains a trace separation function which

is required in the alternate time base mode to separate the

B time base trace from the A time base in Y direction.

Controls and Readout

AUTOSET

READ

OUT

200 MHz

ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPE

HM2005

Instruments

POWER INTENS

EXIT

SAVE

SET

FOCUS

RECALL

21 3 4 5 6 7

Subject to change without notice

Consequently this function is only available in alternate time

base mode. After theTRS pushbutton was pressed once the

LED related to that pushbutton is lit.

The Y-POS. I (9) control knob is then operative as vertical

position control for the trace of the B time base. The

maximum position shift is approx. +/- 4 div. Without a change

of the Y-POS. I (9) control the trace separation function is

switched off automatically after approx. 10 seconds.The trace

separation function can also be left by pressing the TRS

pushbutton.

(9)Y-POS. I – Control knob with a double function.

Y-Position channel I:

The vertical trace position of channel I can be set with this

control knob. In ADD (addition) mode both (Y-POS. I and Y-

POS. II) control knobs are active.

Y-Position B-trace in alternate time base mode:

In alternate time base mode, this control knob can be used

to separate the B time base trace from the A time base trace.

Please noteTRS (8)

DC voltage measurement:

If no signal is applied at the INPUT CHI (28), the vertical trace

position represents 0 Volt. This is the case if INPUT CHI (28)

or in addition (ADD) mode, both INPUT CHI (28) and INPUT

CHII (32), are set to GD (ground) and automatic triggering

(AT (12)) is present to make the trace visible. The trace then

can be set to vertical position which is suited for the following

DC voltage measurement.

After switching GD (ground) off and selecting DC input

coupling, a DC signal applied at the input changes the trace

position in vertical direction. The DC voltage then can be

determined by taking the deflection coefficient, the probe

factor and the trace position change in respect to the previous

0 Volt position into account.

”0 Volt” Symbol:

The determination of the ”0 Volt” position is not necessary

if the readout is switched on and the software setting ”DC

REFERENCE = ON” is selected in the ”SETUP” submenu

”Miscellaneous”. Then the ”⊥⊥

⊥⊥

⊥” symbol to the left of the

screen‘s vertical center line always indicates the ”0 Volt”

trace position in CHI and DUAL mode.

The ”0 Volt” position symbol (⊥⊥

⊥⊥

⊥) will not be displayed in XY

and ADD (addition) mode.

(10) BW Limit – Pushbutton with associated BWL-LED.

Pressing this pushbutton switches the BWL–LED and readout

display on or off. The amplifier(s) bandwidth will be reduced

if deflection coefficients from 5mV/div. to 5V/div. are present

and BWL (Bandwidth Limit) is active.The bandwidth reduction

causes less amplifier noise and therefore increases the trace

sharpness.

On 1mV/div. and 2mV/div. deflection coefficient settings, the

bandwidth is already reduced for the benefit of higher input

sensitivity. The BWL function is practically ineffective in this

settings.

(11) Y-POS. II – Control knob.

The vertical trace position of channel II can be set with this

control knob. In ADD (addition) mode both (Y-POS. I and Y-

POS. II) control knobs are active. If the instrument is set to

XY mode this control knob is inactive and the X-POS. knob

must be used for a horizontal position shift.

DC voltage measurement:

If no signal is applied at the INPUT CHII (32), the vertical

trace position represents 0 Volt. This is the case if INPUT

CHII (32) or in addition (ADD) mode, both INPUT CHI (28)

and INPUT CHII (32), are set to GD (ground) and automatic

triggering (AT (12)) is present to make the trace visible. The

trace then can be set to vertical position which is suited for

the following DC voltage measurement.

After switching GD (ground) off and selecting DC input

coupling, a DC signal applied at the input changes the trace

position in vertical direction. The DC voltage then can be

determined by taking the deflection coefficient, the probe

factor and the trace position change in respect to the previous

0 Volt position into account.

”0 Volt” Symbol:

The determination of the ”0 Volt” position is not necessary

if the readout is switched on and the software setting ”DC

REFERENCE. = ON” is selected in the ”SETUP” submenu

”Miscellaneous”. Then the ”⊥⊥

⊥⊥

⊥” symbol to the left of the

screen‘s vertical center line always indicates the ”0 Volt”

trace position in CHI and DUAL mode.

The ”0 Volt” position symbol (⊥⊥

⊥⊥

⊥) will not be displayed in XY

and ADD (addition) mode.

(12)NM - AT - (SLOPE)

Pushbutton with a double function and associated NM-LED.

NM - AT selection:

Press and hold the pushbutton to switch over from automatic

(peak value) to normal triggering (NM LED above the

pushbutton lit) and vice versa. If the LED is dark, automatic

(peak value) triggering is selected. Whether the peak value

detection in automatic trigger mode is automatically activated

or not, depends on the trigger coupling setting (TRIG. MODE).

The way the trigger point symbol in the readout responds on

different LEVEL control knob settings indicates the situation:

1. If the trigger symbol can not be shifted in the vertical

direction when a signal is not applied or the signal height

is not sufficient, the peak value detection is active.

2. Under the condition that the trigger point symbol cannot

be shifted in such a way that it leaves the signal display

on the screen, the peak value detection is active.

Controls and Readout

MADE IN GERMANY

A/ALT. DEL.TRIG

TRS

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

VAR.

CH I CH II

DEL.POS.

ADD

CHP. VA R .VAR.

DUAL

X-Y

VOLTS / DIV. VOLTS / DIV. TIME / DIV.

5V 1mV 5V 1mV 0.5s 20ns

TRIG. MODE

TRIG.

ALT

CHI AC

TVL

TVF

CHII

EXT

Y-POS. I Y-POS. II LEVEL X-POS.

X-

MAG.

BWL

LIMIT

VAR

17 18 19 20 22 23

24 25

26 27

910 12

11 14 161513

Subject to change without notice

3. The peak value detection is switched off if the trigger point

can be set outside the maximum peak values of the signal,

thus causing an untriggered signal display.

Slope selection:

Briefly pressing this pushbutton selects which slope of the

signal is used for triggering the time base generator. Each

time this pushbutton is briefly pressed, the slope direction

switches from falling edge to rising edge and vice versa.

The current setting is displayed in the readout under item

“TR: source, SLOPE, coupling”. The last setting in A time

base mode is stored and still active if the alternate (A and B)

or B time base are selected. This allows for a different slope

setting regarding the B time base if the DEL. TRIG. function

is active. The slope direction chosen for the B time base is

indicated in the readout under “DTr: SLOPE, coupling”.

(13)LEVEL – Control knob.

Turning the LEVEL knob causes a different trigger point

setting (voltage). The trigger unit starts the time base when

the edge of a trigger signal (voltage) crosses the trigger point.

In mostYt modes the trigger point is displayed in the readout

by the symbol on the left vertical graticule line. If the trigger

point symbol would overwrite other readout information or

would be invisible when being set above or below the screen,

the symbol changes and an arrow indicates in which vertical

direction the trigger point has left the screen. The trigger

point symbol is automatically switched off in those modes

where there is no direct relation between the trigger signal

and the displayed signal.

The last setting in A time base mode is stored and still active

if alternate (A and B) or B time base mode are selected. This

allows for a different level setting for the B time base if the

DEL.TRIG. function is active. Under this condition the letter

“B” is added to the trigger point symbol.

(14)TR – Trigger indicator LED.

The TR LED is lit in Yt mode if the triggering conditions are

met. Whether the LED flashes or is lit constantly depends

on the frequency of the trigger signal.

(15)X-POS. – Control knob.

This control knob enables an X position shift of the signal(s)

in Yt and XY mode. In combination with X magnification x10

this function makes it possible to shift any part of the signal

on the screen.

(16)X-MAG. x10 – Pushbutton and LED.

Each time this pushbutton is pressed the x10 LED located

above is switched on or off inYt (time base) and component

test operation. If the x10 LED is lit, the signal display is

expanded 10 fold in X direction and consequently only a tenth

part of the signal curve is visible. The interesting part of the

signal can be made visible with aid of the X-POS. control.

As the X expansion results in a higher time base speed (lower

time deflection coefficient), all time and frequency relevant

information in the readout is switched over.

The X magnifier function can be operated in A and B time

base mode. In alternate time base mode (A alternate B), the

X magnification only effects the B time base and similarly

the readout.

Please note that in alternate time base mode the inten-

sified sector may become invisible due to the X position

setting.

This pushbutton is not operative in XY mode.

(17) VOLTS/DIV. – This control knob for channel I has a double

function.

The following description relates to the input attenuator

function (VAR LED dark). The vernier function is active if the

VAR LED is lit (see VAR under item (18)).

Turning the control knob clockwise increases the sensitivity

in a 1-2-5 sequence and decreases it if turned in the opposite

direction (ccw.). The available range is from 1mV/div up to

5V/div. The knob is automatically switched inactive if the

channel related to it is switched off, or if the input coupling is

set to GD (ground).

The deflection coefficients and additional information

regarding the active channels are displayed in the readout,

e.g. “Y1: deflection coefficient, input coupling”. The “:”

symbolizes calibrated measuring conditions and is replaced

by the “>” symbol in uncalibrated conditions.

(18)CH I - VAR. – Pushbutton with several functions.

CH I mode:

Briefly pressing the CHI button sets the instrument to channel

I (Mono CH I) mode. The deflection coefficient displayed in

the readout indicates the current conditions (“Y1...”).

If neither external nor line (mains) triggering was active,

the internal trigger source automatically switches over to

channel I (“TR:Y1...”).The last function setting of theVOLTS/

DIV (17) knob remains unchanged.

All channel I related controls are active if the input (28) is

not set to GD (30).

VAR.:

Pressing and holding this pushbutton selects the VOLTS/

DIV. (17) control knob function between attenuator and

vernier (variable).The current setting is displayed by the VAR-

LED located above the knob.

After switching the VAR-LED (17) on, the deflection

coefficient is still calibrated. Turning the VOLTS/DIV. (17)

control knob counter clockwise reduces the signal height

and the deflection coefficient becomes uncalibrated.

The readout then displays “Y1>...” indicating the uncalibrated

condition instead of “Y1:...”. Pressing and holding the CHI

pushbutton again switches the LED off, sets the deflection

Controls and Readout

MADE IN GERMANY

A/ALT. DEL.TRIG

TRS

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

VAR.

CH I CH II

DEL.POS.

ADD

CHP. VA R .VAR.

DUAL

X-Y

VOLTS / DIV. VOLTS / DIV. TIME / DIV.

5V 1mV 5V 1mV 0.5s 20ns

TRIG. MODE

TRIG.

ALT

CHI AC

TVL

TVF

CHII

EXT

Y-POS. I Y-POS. II LEVEL X-POS.

X-

MAG.

BWL

LIMIT

VAR

17 18 19 20 22 23

24 25

26 27

910 12

11 14 161513

Subject to change without notice

coefficient into calibrated condition and activates the

attenuator function. The previous vernier setting will not be

stored.

The CHI pushbutton can also be pressed simultaneously with

the DUAL(19) button.

Please note item (19)

(19)DUAL - XY – Pushbutton with multiple functions.

DUAL mode:

Briefly pressing this button switches over to DUAL mode.

Both deflection coefficients are then displayed.The previous

trigger setting stays as it was, but can be changed.

All controls related to both channels are active, if the inputs

(28) and (32) are not set to GD (30) (34). Whether alternated

or chopped channel switching is present depends on the

actual time base setting, and is displayed in the readout.

ALT

displayed in the readout, indicates alternate channel

switching. After each time base sweep the instrument

internally switches over from channel I to channel II and vice

versa.This channel switching mode is automatically selected

if any time coefficient from 200µs/div to 50ns/div is active.

CHP

indicates chopper mode, whereby the channel switching

occurs constantly between channel I and II during each

sweep. This channel switching mode occurs when any time

base setting between 500ms/div and 500µs/div has been

chosen.

The actual channel switching can be changed to the opposite

mode by briefly pressing both CHI (18) and DUAL (19)

simultaneously. If afterwards the time coefficient is changed,

the channel switching is automatically set to the time

coefficient related mode.

ADD mode:

Addition mode can be selected by briefly pressing the DUAL

(19) and CHII (22) buttons simultaneously. Whether the

algebraic sum (addition) or the difference (subtraction) of both

input signals is displayed, depends on the phase relationship

and the INV (30) (34) setting(s). As a result both signals are

displayed as one signal. For correct measurements the

deflection coefficients for both channels must be equal.

The readout indicates this mode by a “+” sign located

between both channel deflection coefficients. While the

trigger mode is not affected, the trigger point symbol is

switched off. The Y-position of the signal can be influenced

by both Y-POS controls (9) and (11).

XY mode:

This mode can be switched on or off by pressing and holding

the DUAL button (19).

In XY mode the deflection coefficients are displayed as “X...”

for channel I and “Y...” for channel II, followed by “XY”. Except

the cursor lines which may be active, all other readout

information including the trigger point symbol are switched

off. In addition to all trigger and time base related controls,

the Y-POS. I (9) knob and INV (30) button are deactivated.

For X position alteration, the X-POS. (15) knob can be used.

(20)TRIG. - ALT – Pushbutton with double function for trigger

source selection and associated LEDs.

The button and the LEDs are deactivated if line (mains)

triggering is selected or XY operation is chosen.

With the aid of this button, the trigger source can be chosen.

There are three trigger sources available: channel I, channel

II (both designated as internal trigger sources) and theTRIG.

EXT. (35) input for external triggering.

The availability of the internal sources depends on the actual

channel mode. The actual setting is indicated by the

associated LED(s). Briefly pressing the button switches over

in the following sequence:

I - II - EXT - I in DUAL and ADD (addition) mode,

I - EXT - I if mono channel I is present,

II - EXT - II under mono channel II conditions.

Each condition is indicated by the associated LED and

displayed by the readout (“TR:Y1...”, “TR:Y2...” and

“TR:EXT...”). The trigger point symbol is switched off in

external trigger condition.

ALT:

Pressing and holding the button selects alternate triggering

in DUAL mode. Under these conditions both I and II LEDs

are lit and the readout displays “TR:ALT...”. As alternate

triggering requires alternate channel operation, alternate

channel switching is set automatically. A change of the time

coefficient then has no affect regarding the channel switching

mode. In addition to the deflection coefficients display, “A LT ”

is displayed by the readout instead of “CHP”. In alternate

trigger mode the trigger point symbol is switched off.

Alternate triggering is not available or automatically

switched off under the following conditions:

– ADD (addition) mode,

– alternate (A & B) time base mode,

– B time base mode,

– TVL, TVF and line (mains) trigger coupling.

(21) VOLTS/DIV. – This control knob for channel II has a double

function.

The following description relates to the input attenuator

function (VAR LED dark). The vernier function is active if the

VAR LED is lit (see VAR under item (22)).

Turning the control knob clockwise increases the sensitivity

in a 1-2-5 sequence and decreases it if turned in the opposite

direction (ccw.). The available range is from 1mV/div up to

20V/div. The knob is automatically switched inactive if the

channel related to it is switched off, or if the input coupling is

set to GD (ground).

Controls and Readout

MADE IN GERMANY

A/ALT. DEL.TRIG

TRS

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

VAR.

CH I CH II

DEL.POS.

ADD

CHP. VA R .VAR.

DUAL

X-Y

VOLTS / DIV. VOLTS / DIV. TIME / DIV.

5V 1mV 5V 1mV 0.5s 20ns

TRIG. MODE

TRIG.

ALT

CHI AC

TVL

TVF

CHII

EXT

Y-POS. I Y-POS. II LEVEL X-POS.

X-

MAG.

BWL

LIMIT

VAR

17 18 19 20 22 23

24 25

26 27

910 12

11 14 161513

Subject to change without notice

The deflection coefficients and additional information

regarding the active channels are displayed in the readout,

e.g. “Y2: deflection coefficient, input coupling”. The “:”

symbolizes calibrated measuring conditions and is replaced

by the “>” symbol in uncalibrated conditions.

(22)CH II - VAR. – Pushbutton with several functions.

CH II mode:

Briefly pressing the button sets the instrument to channel II

(Mono CH II) mode. The deflection coefficient displayed in

the readout indicates the current conditions (“Y2...). If neither

external nor line (mains) triggering was active, the internal

trigger source automatically switches over to channel II

(“TR:Y2...). The last function setting of the VOLTS/DIV (21)

knob remains unchanged.

All channel related controls are active if the input (32) is not

set to GD (34).

VAR.:

Pressing and holding this pushbutton selects the VOLTS/

DIV. (21) control knob function between attenuator and

vernier (variable).The current setting is displayed by the VAR-

LED located above the knob.

After switching the VAR-LED (21) on, the deflection

coefficient is still calibrated. Turning the VOLTS/DIV. (21)

control knob counter clockwise reduces the signal height

and the deflection coefficient becomes uncalibrated.

The readout then displays “Y2>...” indicating the uncalibrated

condition instead of “Y2:...”. Pressing and holding the CHII

pushbutton again switches the LED off, sets the deflection

coefficient into calibrated condition and activates the

attenuator function. The previous vernier setting will not be

stored.

The CHII pushbutton can also be pressed simultaneously

with the DUAL (19) button.

Please note item (19)

(23)TRIG. MODE – Pushbuttons and indicator LEDs.

Pressing the upper or lower button selects the trigger

coupling. The actual setting is indicated by a LED and by the

readout (“TR: source, slope, AC”).

Each time the lowerTRIG. MODE pushbutton is pressed the

trigger coupling changes in the sequence:

AC (DC content suppressed),

DC (peak value detection inactive),

HF (high-pass filter cuts off frequencies below

approx. 50 kHz), trigger point symbol switched off

NR (high frequency noise rejected),

LF (low-pass filter cuts off frequencies above

approx. 1.5 kHz),

TVL (TV signal, line pulse triggering)

trigger point symbol switched off,

TVF (TV signal, frame pulse triggering)

trigger point symbol switched off.

~(line/mains triggering) trigger point symbol

and TRIG. LED (20) are switched off.

Please note:

In delay trigger mode (B time base) the instrument is

automatically set to normal triggering mode and DC trigger

coupling. Both settings are indicated by the NM- (12) and

the “DC” TRIG. MODE-LED(23). The previous trigger

settings regarding the A time base remain unchanged.

In some trigger modes such as alternate triggering, some trigger

coupling modes are automatically disabled and can not be

selected.

(24)DEL.POS. - HO – Control knob with a double function and

associated LED. This control knob has two different func-

tions depending on the time base mode.

A time base:

In A time base mode, the control knob applies to the hold off

time setting. If the HO-LED associated with the knob is dark,

the hold off time is set to minimum.

Turning the control knob clockwise switches the LED on and

extends the hold off time until the maximum is reached

(

please note “Hold Off time adjustment”

). The hold off

time is automatically set to minimum (LED dark), if the A

time base setting is changed. The hold off time setting is

stored and active if alternate (A and B) or B time base mode

is selected.

Alternate (A and B) and B time base:

In alternate (A and B) and B time base modes, the knob

controls the delay time setting.

Under alternate time base mode conditions, the delay time

is visible on the A trace, beginning at the trace start and

ending at the start of the intensified sector. In the free run

condition (delay trigger not active) of the time base, an

approximate delay time value is displayed in the readout

(“∆∆

∆∆

∆t:...”). This is an aid to find the position of the intensified

sector which may be very small.

If only the B time base is being operated, the delay time can

also be varied, but there is no intensified sector as the A

trace is not visible.

(25)TIME/DIV. – This control knob has a double function.

The following description applies to the time base switch

function (VAR LED dark).

Time Base Switch:

Turning the control knob clockwise reduces the deflection

coefficient in a 1-2-5 sequence and increases it if turned in

the opposite direction (ccw.). The time coefficient(s) is (are)

displayed in the readout.

In A time base mode, time deflection coefficients between

500ms/div and 20ns/div can be chosen in 1-2-5 sequence, if

the X-MAG. x10 function is not activated.

During alternate (A and B) and B time base operation, the

control knob changes the B time base setting in 1-2-5

sequence. The available deflection coefficient range is from

Controls and Readout

MADE IN GERMANY

A/ALT. DEL.TRIG

TRS

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

VAR.

CH I CH II

DEL.POS.

ADD

CHP. VA R .VAR.

DUAL

X-Y

VOLTS / DIV. VOLTS / DIV. TIME / DIV.

5V 1mV 5V 1mV 0.5s 20ns

TRIG. MODE

TRIG.

ALT

CHI AC

TVL

TVF

CHII

EXT

Y-POS. I Y-POS. II LEVEL X-POS.

X-

MAG.

BWL

LIMIT

VAR

17 18 19 20 22 23

24 25

26 27

910 12

11 14 161513

Subject to change without notice

20ms/div up to 20ns/div (without X-MAG. x10) but the

availability depends on the A time base setting. The internal

control of the oscilloscope prevents the B time deflection

coefficient from becoming higher than the A deflection

coefficient, as such an operation condition would make no

sense.

If the A time base setting is 200µs/div the B time base range

from 20ms/div up to 500µs/div is not available and the

maximum time deflection coefficient for B would be 200µs/

div. In the last named condition the change of the A time

base from 200µs/div to 100µs/div switches the B time base

also to 100µs/div. However the B time base setting remains

unchanged if the A time base is set to 500µs/div.

As already mentioned under DUAL (19) the channel switching

depends on the time deflection coefficient setting. In the

time base ranges from 500ms/div to 500µs/div chopped

(CHP) channel switching is automatically selected, through

which the switching occurs constantly during the time base

sweeps. Alternate (ALT) channel switching is automatically

used in all other time deflection coefficient settings (200µs/

div - 20ns/div). In the latter case the active channel is switched

off and the previously inactive channel is switched on after

the completion of each time base sweep. To avoid

interference in chopped mode, or to make both channels

appear simultaneously visible, the actual setting (ALT or CHP)

displayed in the readout can be overwritten and changed to

the opposite mode. This is carried out by simultaneously

pressing and holding the CHI (18) and the DUAL (19)

pushbuttons.

(26)A/ALT – B

Pushbutton for time base mode selection.

The instrument contains two time bases designated A and

B. With the aid of the B time base, signal parts displayed by

the A time base can be expanded in X-direction. The

expansion ratio depends on the time deflection coefficient

ratio of both time bases (e.g. “A: 100µs”, “B:1µs” = 100).

With higher expansion ratios the B time base trace intensity

reduces.

Each time the A/ALT pushbutton is briefly pressed, the time

base mode changes in the sequence A - alternate A and B -

A. The actual setting is displayed in the readout.

In A time base mode the TIME/DIV. (25) control knob is

operative only for this time base. The readout then only

displays the A time coefficient. The time base settings for

this condition are stored if the time base mode is changed.

ALT:

If alternate (A and B = ALT) time base mode is selected, the

TIME/DIV (25) knob only controls the B time base switch or

vernier function. The alternate time base mode is a

subfunction of the B time base mode where both time base

traces are displayed. Consequently the readout displays both

time deflection coefficients (e.g. “A:100µs B:1µs”). Unlike

the former A time base mode, an intensified sector is also

visible on the A trace. This sector indicates the signal part

which is displayed by the B time base.

The intensified segment can be shifted horizontally by the

DEL. POS. (24) control knob continuously (if the B time base

is operated in free run conditions). The difference between

the start of the A time base trace and the beginning of the

intensified sector shows the delay time. This information is

also displayed in the readout as an approximative value (e.g.

“∆t:2.5ms”) related on the calibrated A time coefficient

(uncalibrated e.g. “∆t>2.5ms”). The width of the segment

decreases when the B time coefficient is set to a lower value

(higher time deflection speed). For better reading, the vertical

position of the B trace position can be shifted (

please note

“TRS” (8)

Alternate time base mode causes the display to alter

between A and B time base after each sweep. In alternate

DUAL mode the sequence is channel I with A time base,

channel I with B time base, channel II with A time base and

channel II with B time base.

In alternate time base mode (A alternate B), the X-MAG.

x10 (16) function only effects the B time base and similarly

the readout.

Pressing and holding this button switches over from A or

alternate time base mode to B time base mode. If B time

base mode is selected, pressing and holding selects alternate

time base mode. Briefly pressing this button switches over

from B time base mode to A time base mode.

In B time base mode the display of the A trace(s), the

intensified sector(s) and the A time coefficient display in the

readout are disabled. As the trace separation (TRS) is no

longer required under this circumstances, this function is

switched off too. Consequently only the B time coefficient

is displayed by the readout.

When selecting alternate or B time base mode, the triggered

or free run state depends on the last chosen setting.

(27) DEL.TRIG. - VAR. – Pushbutton with two functions.

DEL.TRIG.:

Each time the pushbutton is briefly pressed, the instrument

switches between free run (untriggered) and triggered B time

base, if alternate (A and B) or B time base mode is present.

The actual setting is displayed in the readout. Instead of the

approximate delay time (“Dt:...”) in free run mode, the

readout displays “DTr: slope, DC (trigger coupling)” in

triggered delay mode. In this mode, the former A time base

trigger settings regarding the trigger mode (automatic or

normal, -coupling, -slope and –level) are stored but still active.

With the activated delay trigger the instrument is

automatically set to normal trigger mode and DC trigger

coupling for the B time base. As the instrument contains a

separate trigger unit for the B time base, the trigger level

Controls and Readout

MADE IN GERMANY

A/ALT. DEL.TRIG

TRS

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

VAR.

CH I CH II

DEL.POS.

ADD

CHP. VA R .VAR.

DUAL

X-Y

VOLTS / DIV. VOLTS / DIV. TIME / DIV.

5V 1mV 5V 1mV 0.5s 20ns

TRIG. MODE

TRIG.

ALT

CHI AC

TVL

TVF

CHII

EXT

Y-POS. I Y-POS. II LEVEL X-POS.

X-

MAG.

BWL

LIMIT

VAR

17 18 19 20 22 23

24 25

26 27

910 12

11 14 161513

Subject to change without notice

and slope can be set independently using the same controls

used for the A time base trigger setting. The trigger point is

indicated again but has the added letter B in the readout.

In delay trigger mode, the delay time must first elapse. Then

the next suitable signal slope (direction and height) starts

the B time base. If those basic requirements are not met,

there will be no B trace visible. Under the condition that the

signal contains several suitable slopes after the delay time,

it can be seen in alternate time base mode that the delay

time setting (DEL. POS.) now causes the intensified sector

to jump from one slope to another. If there is no slope after

the delay time, the B time base will not be triggered.

VAR.:

Pressing and holding the DEL.TRIG. - VAR. pushbutton

selects the TIME/DIV. (25) control knob function between

time base switch and vernier (variable). The current setting

is displayed by the VAR-LED located above the knob.

The variable function can be activated for the A time base or

the B time base, the settings are stored separately. As

alternate time base mode is a B time base sub mode, only

the B time base is affected in this condition.

ATime Base.

After switching the VAR-LED on, the time deflection

coefficient is still calibrated until further adjustments are

made. Turning the TIME/DIV. (25) control knob counter

clockwise increases the time deflection coefficient (reduces

the deflection speed) and the deflection coefficient becomes

uncalibrated. Instead of e.g. “A:10µs”, the readout then

displays “A>10µs” indicating the uncalibrated condition.This

setting is stored if the instrument is switched to alternate (A

and B) or B time base mode.

Pressing and holding the DEL.TRIG. -VAR. pushbutton again

in A time base mode switches the LED off, the time base

switch function on, and sets the time deflection coefficient

back into the calibrated condition.

B and Alternate Time base.

In alternate (A and B) as well as in B time base mode, pressing

and holding the DEL.TRIG. - VAR. pushbutton selects the

TIME/DIV. knob function between B time base switch and

B vernier (VAR -LED on). In the latter case the TIME/DIV.

knob can be used in the same way as described before under

A time base condition.

Underneath the front panel sector described above, the BNC

sockets and four pushbuttons are located.

(28)INPUT CH I – BNC socket.

This BNC socket is the signal input for channel I. In XY mode,

signals at this input are used for the X deflection. The outer

(ground) connection is galvanically connected to the

instrument ground and consequently to the safety earth

contact of the line/mains plug.

(29)AC / DC – Pushbutton with two functions.

Input coupling:

Briefly pressing this pushbutton switches over from AC (~

symbol) to DC (= symbol) input coupling and vice versa.The

setting is displayed in the readout with the deflection

coefficient.

Probe factor:

Pressing and holding the pushbutton selects the indicated

deflection coefficient of channel I displayed in the readout,

between 1:1 and 10:1. In condition 10:1 the probe factor is

thus indicated by a probe symbol displayed by the readout in

front the channel information (e.g. “probe symbol”, Y1...). In

the case of cursor voltage measurement, the probe factor is

automatically included.

Please note:

The symbol must not be activated unless a x10 (10:1)

attenuator probe is used.

(30)GD - INV. – Pushbutton with two functions.

GD:

Each time this pushbutton is pressed briefly, the input is

switched from active to inactive and vice versa. It is displayed

in the readout as an earth (ground) symbol instead of the

deflection coefficient and the ~ (AC) or = (DC) (input coupling)

symbol.

The GD setting disables the input signal, the AC/DC (29)

pushbutton and the VOLTS/DIV (17) knob. In automatic

trigger mode the undeflected trace is visible representing

the 0 Volt trace position.

The ”0 Volt” position is indicated by a ”⊥” symbol in the

readout. Please note Y-POS. I (9).

INV.:

Pressing and holding this pushbutton switches the channel I

invert function on or off.The invert “on” condition is indicated

by the readout with a horizontal bar above “Y1” (Yt mode).

The invert function causes the signal display of channel I to

be inverted by 180°. In XY mode the invert function is not

available.

(31)Ground socket – 4mm banana socket galvanically

connected to safety earth.

This socket can be used as reference potential connection

for DC and low frequency signal measurement purposes and

in COMPONENTTEST mode.

(32)INPUT CH II – BNC socket.

This BNC socket is the signal input for channel II. In XY mode,

signals at this input are used for the Y deflection. The outer

(ground) connection is galvanically connected to the

instrument ground and consequently to the safety earth

contact of the line/mains plug.

(33)AC / DC – Pushbutton with two functions.

Input coupling:

Briefly pressing this pushbutton switches over from AC (~

symbol) to DC (= symbol) input coupling and vice versa.The

setting is displayed in the readout with the deflection

coefficient.

Controls and Readout

MADE IN GERMANY

INV.

INPUT CH I (HOR. INP.(X))

AC/DC

max.

250 Vp

1MΩII

15pF

INPUT CH II

max.

250 Vp

1MΩII

15pF

TRIG. EXT. INP

max.

100 Vp

(Z)

x1/x10 INV.

x1/x10

CAT

!!!

GD AC/DC GD

28 30 31 32 34

29 33 35

Subject to change without notice

Probe factor:

Pressing and holding the pushbutton selects the indicated

deflection coefficient of channel II displayed in the readout,

between 1:1 and 10:1. In condition 10:1 the probe factor is

thus indicated by a probe symbol displayed by the readout in

front the channel information (e.g. “probe symbol”, Y2...). In

the case of cursor voltage measurement, the probe factor is

automatically included.

Please note:

The symbol must not be activated unless a x10 (10:1)

attenuator probe is used.

(34)GD - INV. – Pushbutton with two functions.

GD:

Each time this pushbutton is pressed briefly, the input is

switched from active to inactive and vice versa. It is displayed

in the readout as an earth (ground) symbol instead of the

deflection coefficient and the ~ (AC) or = (DC) (input coupling)

symbol.

The GD setting disables the input signal, the AC/DC (33)

pushbutton and the VOLTS/DIV (21) knob. In automatic

trigger mode the undeflected trace is visible representing

the 0 Volt trace position.

The ”0 Volt” position is indicated by a ”⊥” symbol in the

readout. Please note Y-POS. II (11).

INV.:

Pressing and holding this pushbutton switches the channel

II invert function on or off.The invert on condition is indicated

by the readout with a horizontal bar above “Y2” (Yt mode) or

“Y” (XY mode). The invert function causes the signal display

of channel II to be inverted by 180°.

(35)TRIG. EXT. / INP. (Z) – BNC socket with two functions.

The impedance of this input is 1MΩII 20pF.The outer (ground)

connection is galvanically connected to the instrument

ground and consequently to the safety earth contact of the

line/mains plug.

TRIG. EXT.:

Signals applied at this input can be used for external

triggering. Briefly pressing the TRIG. (20) pushbutton, until

the information “TR:EXT, slope, coupling” is visible in the

readout and the TRIG. “EXT” -LED is lit, switches the input

active as an external trigger source.

Z Input:

The input can be used for Z (trace intensity) modulation, if

software setting for “INPUT Z” is ON and neither external

triggering nor component tester operation is selected.

“INPUT Z” is part of the MISCELLANEOUS menu which is a

submenu of the SETUP menu.

The trace becomes blanked by a TTL high signal (positive

logic). Voltages higher then +5V are not permissible.

Below the CRT there are the controls for the readout, the

component tester and the square wave calibrator with their

outputs.

(36)MENU – Pushbutton.

Pressing and holding this pushbutton activates the display

of the MAIN MENU. It contains the submenus TEST &

CALIBRATE and SETUP.The intensity of the display depends

on the RO-INTENS (4) setting.

Once a menu is displayed, the following pushbuttons are

of importance:

1. SAVE and RECALL (7) pushbutton.

Briefly pressing selects the submenu or an item within

the submenu.

2. SAVE –SET (7) pushbutton.

Pressing and holding the SAVE (7) pushbutton calls (sets)

the menu or the previously selected item. In those cases

where the item is marked with ON / OFF the setting

changes from ON to OFF or vice versa.

In some cases the called function is not performed at once

and a warning is displayed to protect from calling the

function inadvertently. Then the function can be called by

pressing and holding the SAVE pushbutton (SET function)

again, otherwise if the function was called inadvertently

the proceeding can be cancelled by pressing the

AUTOSET (3) pushbutton.

3. AUTOSET (3) pushbutton.

Each time the AUTOSET pushbutton is pressed the menu

is switched back one step until MAIN MENU is displayed.

Then pressing the AUTOSET pushbutton again switches

the menu operation off and the AUTOSET pushbutton is

automatically set to the normal function.

(37)ON/OFF - CHI/II - 1/∆∆

∆∆

∆t– This pushbutton has several

functions.

The following description of the cursor related controls

assumes that the readout is visible.

ON/OFF:

Pressing and holding the pushbutton switches both cursor

lines on or off. As the cursor lines are part of the readout,

they are visible only if the readout is switched on. If the cursor

lines are switched off and MEAN VALUE ON is activated

(Menu: SETUP > MISCELLANEOUS) the instrument is

prepared for DC Mean Value display. Please note section

“Mean Value Display”.

CHI/II:

This function is required and available only in DUAL and

XY mode, if cursor supported voltage measurement (∆∆

∆∆

∆V (39))

is chosen, as the deflection coefficients may be different.

Briefly pressing the pushbutton switches between the

deflection coefficients of channel I and channel II and vice

versa. The measured result is displayed by the readout with

“∆∆

∆∆

∆V1:...” or “∆∆

∆∆

∆V2:...” providing the deflection coefficient is

Controls and Readout

MADE IN GERMANY

INV.

INPUT CH I (HOR. INP.(X))

AC/DC

max.

250 Vp

1MΩII

15pF

INPUT CH II

max.

250 Vp

1MΩII

15pF

TRIG. EXT. INP

max.

100 Vp

(Z)

x1/x10 INV.

x1/x10

CAT

!!!

GD AC/DC GD

28 30 31 32 34

29 33 35

OFF

∆V

∆t1

∆t

1kHz

1MHz

CAL.

0.2 Vpp

CURSOR

CH I/II

I/II

TRK

37 41

42 40 39 38 37 36

Subject to change without notice

calibrated.The settings of the cursors must relate to the signal

of the selected channel.

In XY-mode the instrument is automatically set to ∆∆

∆∆

∆V

measurement. The deflection coefficient selected for each

channel may be different, thus as in DUAL mode the ∆∆

∆∆

∆V

cursor measurement requires a channel selection. Under

channel I (X signal) measuring condition the cursor lines are

displayed as vertical lines and the readout displays “∆∆

∆∆

∆VX...”.

Briefly pressing the pushbutton changes to channel II (Y

signal) voltage measurement. Then the cursor lines are

displayed as horizontal lines and the readout indicates “ ∆∆

∆∆

∆VY...”.

In CH I or CH II single mode, only one deflection coefficient

is present and there is no requirement to select between

different deflection coefficients. Consequently the pushbutton

is inactivated in combination with ∆∆

∆∆

∆Vmeasurements.

ADD (addition) mode requires an equal deflection coefficient

setting for both channels. Cursor voltage measurement now

incorporates both channels, therefore no switching is possible.

1/∆∆

∆∆

∆t:

Briefly pressing the pushbutton selects between time and

frequency measurement (only when “∆∆

∆∆

∆t”or “f”is displayed

by the readout). The vertical cursor lines and the

measurement result apply to the active time base (A or B,

resp. B in alternate time base mode).

In calibrated time base condition the readout displays “∆∆

∆∆

∆t:...”

if time measurement is chosen. After switching over to 1/∆∆

∆∆

∆t

(frequency) “f:...” is displayed. If the time base is uncalibrated

the readout displays “ ∆∆

∆∆

∆t>...” or “f<...”.

(38)TRK –CURSOR-Track function.

The following description of the cursor related controls

assumes that the readout is visible.

Briefly pressing simultaneously both buttons ON/OFF - CHI/

II - 1/∆∆

∆∆

∆t (37) and I/II - ∆∆

∆∆

∆V/∆∆

∆∆

∆t (39) switches over from single

cursor line operation to track mode and vice versa.

In TRK (track) mode both cursor lines are indicated as active

(both dotted lines uninterrupted).

(39) I/II - ∆∆

∆∆

∆V/∆∆

∆∆

∆t – Pushbutton with two functions.

The following description of the cursor related controls

assumes that the readout is.

I/II:

Briefly pressing this button changes the active (controllable)

cursor in the sequence I - II - I, if TRK (track) mode is not

active.The active cursor is indicated by a continuously dotted

line. An interrupted dotted line indicates the inactive cursor.

∆∆

∆V/∆∆

∆∆

∆t:

Pressing and holding this pushbutton changes from voltage

to time (or frequency) measurement and vice versa. In XY

mode the instrument is automatically set to ∆∆

∆∆

∆V.

∆∆

∆V:

In all ∆V (voltage) measurement conditions, the division ratio

of the probe(s) must be taken into account. In case of x10

(10:1) probes, the probe factor can be automatically included

(see item (29) and (33)).

If a x100 (100:1) probe is used, switch to the probe symbol

(10:1) off if displayed. Then multiply the voltage value

displayed in the readout by 100.

1st: Time base modes

(CH I or CH II single channel mode, DUAL and ADD).

In the voltage measurement condition, the cursors are

displayed as horizontal lines and the result is displayed

in the readout.

Single channel mode (channel I or channel II)

The ∆∆

∆∆

∆Vmeasuring result is automatically related to the

deflection coefficient of the active channel. The readout

displays “ ∆∆

∆∆

∆V1...” or “∆∆

∆∆

∆V2...”.

Dual mode

The CURSOR lines must be set on the channel I or

channel II signal. As the deflection coefficients may be

different, it will be required to select between the

deflection coefficients of channel I and II.

Please note

item CHI/II (37)

Addition mode (ADD)

In ADD (addition) mode normally two input signals are

displayed as one signal (sum or difference). As the result

can only be determined if both (calibrated) deflection

coefficients are equal, the CHI/II (37) selection function

is deactivated. In that case the readout indicates “ ∆∆

∆∆

∆V...”

without any additional channel information. Different

deflection coefficient settings or uncalibrated deflection

coefficient(s) are indicated in the readout as “Y1<>Y2”.

2nd: XY mode

In XY mode the instrument is automatically set to ∆∆

∆∆

∆V

measurement. The deflection coefficient selected for

each channel may be different, thus as in DUAL mode

the ∆∆

∆∆

∆Vcursor measurement requires a channel selection.

Under channel I (X signal) measuring condition the cursor

lines are displayed as vertical lines and the readout

displays “∆∆

∆∆

∆VX...”. The cursor lines are displayed as

horizontal lines and the readout indicates “∆∆

∆∆

∆VY...” if the

channel II deflection coefficient is chosen.

∆∆

∆t:

In time or frequency measurement condition two vertical

cursor lines are displayed.

The measurement result is indicated as “∆∆

∆∆

∆t...” (time

measurement) or “f...” (frequency measurement).

Please

note item 1/

∆∆

∆

t (37)

For frequency measurement, the distance between

the cursors must equal exactly one signal period.

In XY mode the time base is switched off. Conse-

quently time or frequency measurement is disabled.

(40)CURSOR – Center biased lever.

The active cursor line (in track mode: both lines) can be shifted

in the required direction, until the graticule limits are reached.

The directions are marked on the front panel and depend on

the selected measurement (∆U, ∆t or 1/∆t). Which of two

shift speeds is used, depends on how far the CURSOR knob

is pressed. With slight knob pressure the cursor line(s) moves

Controls and Readout

OFF

∆V

∆t1

∆t

1kHz

1MHz

CAL.

0.2 Vpp

CURSOR

CH I/II

I/II

TRK

37 41

42 40 39 38 37 36

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