Hameg Hm504-2 User manual

Form 080/01

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Oscilloscope

HM504-2

Manual

English

Subject to change without notice

CE-Declaration of Conformity ........................................... 4

General Information regarding the CE-marking .............. 4

Specifications ...................................................................... 5

General Information ........................................................... 6

Symbols ............................................................................ 6

Use of tilt handle .............................................................. 6

Safety ............................................................................... 6

Intended purpose and operating conditions .................... 6

EMC ................................................................................. 7

Warranty ........................................................................... 7

Maintenance .................................................................... 7

Protective Switch-Off ....................................................... 7

Power supply .................................................................... 7

Type of signal voltage .................................................... 8

Amplitude Measurements ............................................... 8

Total value of input voltage .............................................. 9

Time Measurements........................................................ 9

Rise Time Measurement .................................................. 10

Connection of Test Signal................................................. 10

Controls and Readout ........................................................ 11

A: Menu Display and Operation ....................................... 11

B: READOUT Information................................................. 12

C: Descriptions of Controls .............................................. 12

Menu .................................................................................... 23

FirstTime Operation ........................................................... 24

Trace Rotation TR ............................................................. 24

Probe compensation and use .......................................... 24

Adjustment at 1 kHz ......................................................... 24

Adjustment at 1 MHz ....................................................... 24

Operating modes of the vertical

amplifiers in Yt mode. ........................................................ 25

X-Y Operation ................................................................... 25

Phase comparison with Lissajous figures ....................... 26

Phase difference measurement

in DUAL mode (Yt) ........................................................... 26

Phase difference measurement in DUAL mode .............. 26

Measurement of an amplitude modulation ..................... 26

Triggering and time base ................................................... 27

Automatic Peak (value) -Triggering ................................... 27

Normal Triggering ............................................................. 28

SLOPE ....................................................................... 28

Trigger coupling ................................................................ 28

Triggering of video signals ............................................... 28

Line / Mains triggering (~) ................................................ 29

Alternate triggering .......................................................... 29

External triggering ............................................................ 29

Trigger indicator ”TR” ...................................................... 30

HOLD OFF-time adjustment ............................................ 30

Delay / After Delay Triggering ........................................... 30

AUTO SET ............................................................................ 32

Mean Value Display ............................................................ 32

ComponentTester ............................................................... 33

General ............................................................................. 33

Using the Component Tester ........................................... 33

Test Procedure ................................................................. 33

Test Pattern Displays ........................................................ 33

Testing Resistors .............................................................. 33

Testing Capacitors and Inductors..................................... 33

Testing Semiconductors .................................................. 34

Testing Diodes .................................................................. 34

Testing Transistors ............................................................ 34

In-Circuit Tests .................................................................. 34

Adjustments ........................................................................ 35

RS-232 Interface - Remote Control ................................... 35

Safety ............................................................................... 35

Operation ......................................................................... 35

RS-232 Cable .................................................................... 35

RS-232 protocol................................................................ 35

Baud-Rate Setting ............................................................ 35

Data Communication ....................................................... 35

Front Panel HM504-2 .......................................................... 36

Oscilloscope

HM504-2

Contents

Subject to change without notice

General information regarding the CE marking

HAMEG instruments fulﬁll the regulations of the EMC directive. The conformity test made by HAMEG is based on the actual

generic- and product standards. In cases where different limit values are applicable, HAMEG applies the severer standard.

For emission the limits for residential, commercial and light industry are applied. Regarding the immunity (susceptibility)

the limits for industrial environment have been used. The measuring- and data lines of the instrument have much inﬂuence

on emmission and immunity and therefore on meeting the acceptance limits. For different applications the lines and/or

cables used may be different. For measurement operation the following hints and conditions regarding emission and im-

munity should be observed:

1. Data cables

For the connection between instruments resp. their interfaces and external devices, (computer, printer etc.) sufﬁciently

screened cables must be used. Without a special instruction in the manual for a reduced cable length, the maximum cable

length of a dataline must be less than 3 meters and not be used outside buildings. If an interface has several connectors

only one connector must have a connection to a cable. Basically interconnections must have a double screening. For IEEE-

bus purposes the double screened cables HZ72S and HZ72L from HAMEG are suitable.

2. Signal cables

Basically test leads for signal interconnection between test point and instrument should be as short as possible. Without

instruction in the manual for a shorter length, signal lines must be less than 3 meters and not be used outside buildings.

Signal lines must screened (coaxial cable - RG58/U). A proper ground connection is required. In combination with signal

generators double screened cables (RG223/U, RG214/U) must be used.

3. Inﬂuence on measuring instruments

Under the presence of strong high frequency electric or magnetic ﬁelds, even with careful setup of the measuring equip-

ment an inﬂuence of such signals is unavoidable. This will not cause damage or put the instrument out of operation. Small

deviations of the measuring value (reading) exceeding the instruments speciﬁcations may result from such conditions in

individual cases.

4. RF immunity of oscilloscopes

4.1 Electromagnetic RF ﬁeld

The inﬂuence of electric and magnetic RF ﬁelds may become visible (e.g. RF superimposed), if the ﬁeld intensity is high. In

most cases the coupling into the oscilloscope takes place via the device under test, mains/line supply, test leads, control

cables and/or radiation. The device under test as well as the oscilloscope may be effected by such ﬁelds. Although the in-

terior of the oscilloscope is screened by the cabinet, direct radiation can occur via the CRT gap. As the bandwidth of each

ampliﬁer stage is higher than the total –3dB bandwidth of the oscilloscope, the inﬂuence RF ﬁelds of even higher frequen-

cies may be noticeable.

4.2 Electrical fast transients / electrostatic discharge

Electrical fast transient signals (burst) may be coupled into the oscilloscope directly via the mains/line supply, or indirectly

via test leads and/or control cables. Due to the high trigger and input sensitivity of the oscilloscopes, such normally high

signals may effect the trigger unit and/or may become visible on the CRT, which is unavoidable. These effects can also be

caused by direct or indirect electrostatic discharge.

HAMEG Instruments GmbH

KONFORMITÄTSERKLÄRUNG

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

DECLARATION DE CONFORMITE

Herstellers HAMEG Instruments GmbH

Manufacturer Industriestraße 6

Fabricant D-63533 Mainhausen

Die HAMEG Instruments GmbH bescheinigt die Konformität für das Produkt

The HAMEG Instruments GmbH herewith declares conformity of the product

HAMEG Instruments GmbH déclare la conformite du produit

Bezeichnung / Product name / Designation:

Oszilloskop/Oscilloscope/Oscilloscope

Typ /Type /Type: HM504-2

mit / with / avec: –

Optionen / Options / Options: –

mit den folgenden Bestimmungen / with applicable regulations / avec les

directives suivantes

EMV Richtlinie 89/336/EWG ergänzt durch 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EWG

EMC Directive 89/336/EEC amended by 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EEC

Directive EMC 89/336/CEE amendée par 91/263/EWG, 92/31/CEE

Niederspannungsrichtlinie 73/23/EWG ergänzt durch 93/68/EWG

Low-Voltage Equipment Directive 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC

Directive des equipements basse tension 73/23/CEE amendée par 93/68/CEE

Angewendete harmonisierte Normen / Harmonized standards applied / Normes

harmonisées utilisées

Sicherheit / Safety / Sécurité

EN 61010-1: 2001 / IEC (CEI) 1010-1: 2001

Messkategorie / Measuring category / Catégorie de mesure: I

Verschmutzungsgrad / Degree of pollution / Degré de pollution: 2

Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit / Electromagnetic compatibility /

Compatibilité électromagnétique

EN 61326-1/A1 :1997 + A1:1998 + A2 :2001/IEC 61326 :1997 + A1 :1998 + A2 :2001

Störaussendung / Radiation / Emission:Tabelle / table / tableau 4; Klasse / Class /Classe B.

Störfestigkeit / Immunity / Imunitee:Tabelle / table / tableau A1.

EN 61000-3-2/A14

Oberschwingungsströme / Harmonic current emissions / Émissions de courant

harmonique: Klasse / Class / Classe D.

EN 61000-3-3

Spannungsschwankungen u. Flicker / Voltage ﬂuctuations and ﬂicker / Fluctuations

de tension et du ﬂicker.

Datum / Date / Date Unterschrift / Signature / Signatur

25.6.2003

G. Hübenett

Product Manager

cable HZ72 from HAMEG is suitable.

Subject to change without notice

HM504-2

2 Channels with deflection coefficients of 1 mV/cm – 20 V/cm

Time Base: 0.5s/cm – 50 ns/cm,

with X Magnification to 10 ns/cm

Low Noise Measuring Amplifiers with high pulse fidelity

Triggering from 0 to 100 MHz from 5mm signal level

Time Base delay provide high X Magnification

of any portion of the signal

100 MHz 4-Digit Frequency Counter,

Cursor and Automatic Measurement

Save/Recall Memories for Instrument Settings

Readout, Autoset, no Fan

Yt, XY and component-test modes

RS-232 Interface (for parameter queries and control only)

Optimum deflection linearity

Rise-time measurement

with cursors

Full screen display of

50 MHz sine wave

50 MHz Analog Oscilloscope

HM504-2

Subject to change without notice

Speciﬁcations

50 MHz Analog Oscilloscope HM504-2

Valid at 23 °C after a 30 minute warm-up period

Vertical Deflection

Operating Modes: Channel I or II only

Channels I and II (alternate or chopped)

Sum or Difference of CH I and CH II

Invert: CH II

XY Mode: CH I (X) and CH II (Y)

Bandwidth: 2 x 0 - 50 MHz (-3 dB)

Rise Time: ‹7ns

Deflection Coefficient: 1-2-5 Sequence

1 mV/div. – 2 mV/div.: ± 5 % (0 – 10 MHz (-3 dB))

5 mV/div. – 20 V/div.: ± 3 % (0 – 50 MHz (-3 dB))

Variable (uncalibrated): › 2.5:1 to › 50 V/div.

Input Impedance: 1 MΩ II 15 pF

Input Coupling: DC, AC, GND (ground)

Max. Input Voltage: 400 V (DC + peak AC)

Triggering

Automatic (Peak to Peak): 20 Hz – 100 MHz (≥5 mm)

Normal with Level Control: 0 – 100 MHz (≥5 mm)

Slope: positive or negative

Sources: Channel I or II, CH I/CH II alternate (≥8 mm),

Line and External

Coupling: AC (10 Hz – 100 MHz), DC (0 –100 MHz),

HF (50 kHz –100 MHz), LF (0 –1.5 kHz)

Trigger Indicator: LED

Triggering after Delay: with Level Control and Slope selection

External Trigger Signal: ≥0.3 Vpp (0 – 50 MHz)

Active TV sync. separator: Field and Line, +/-

Horizontal Deflection

Time Base: 0.5 s/div. – 50 ns/div. (1-2-5 Sequence)

Accuracy: ± 3 %

Variable (uncalibrated): › 2.5 :1 to › 1.25 s/div.

X Magnification x 10: up to 10 ns/div. (± 5 %)

Accuracy: ± 5 %

Delay (selectable): 140 ms – 200 ns (variable)

Hold-Off Time: variable to approx. 10 : 1

Bandwidth X amplifier: 0 – 3 MHz (-3 dB)

XY Phase shift ‹ 3°: ‹ 120 kHz

Operation / Readout / Control

Manual: via controls

Autoset: automatic signal related parameter settings

Save and Recall: 9 instrument parameter settings

Readout: display of menu, parameters, cursors and

results

Autom. Measurement: Freq./Period, Vdc, Vpp, Vp+, Vp-,

Trigger Level

Cursor Measurement: Δt, 1/Δt, tr, ΔV, V to GND, Gain, Ratio X and Y

Frequency counter: 4 digit (0.01 % ± 1 digit) 0.5 Hz – 100 MHz

Interface (standard fitting): RS-232 (for control)

Component Tester

Test Voltage: approx. 7 Vrms (open circuit)

Test Current: max. 7 mArms (short-circuit)

Test Frequency: approx. 50 Hz

Test Connection: 2 banana jacks 4 mm Ø

One test circuit lead is grounded via protective earth (PE)

Miscellaneous

CRT: D14-363GY, 8 x 10 cm with internal graticule

Acceleration Voltage: approx. 2 kV

Trace Rotation: adjustable on front panel

Z-input (Intens. modulation): max. + 5 V (TTL)

Calibrator Signal (Square Wave):0.2V ± 1 %, 1 Hz – 1 MHz (tr ‹ 4 ns), DC

Power Supply (Mains): 105 – 253V, 50/60 Hz ± 10 %, CAT II

Power Consumption: approx. 34 Watt at 230V/50 Hz

Ambient temperature: 0° C...+ 40° C

Safety class: Safety class I (EN61010-1)

Weight: approx. 5.4 kg

Dimensions (W x H x D): 285 x 125 x 380 mm

Accessories supplied: Line Cord, Operators Manual and Software for Windows

on CD-ROM, 2 Probes 1:1/10:1 (HZ154)

Optional accessories:

HZ70 Opto Interface (with optical fiber cable)

HM504-2E/140408/ce · Subject to alterations · © HAMEG Instruments GmbH · ® Registered Trademark · DQS-certified in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9001:2000, Reg.-No.: DE-071040 QM

HAMEG Instruments GmbH · Industriestr. 6 · D-63533 Mainhausen · Tel +49 (0) 6182 800 0 · Fax +49 (0) 6182 800 100 · www.hameg.com · info@hameg.com

A Rohde & Schwarz Company

www.hameg.com

Subject to change without notice

General information

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HAMEG

Safe operation may be endangered if any of the following

was noticed:

– in case of visible damage.

– in case loose parts were noticed

– if it does not function any more.

– after prolonged storage under unfavourable conditions (e.g.

like in the open or in moist atmosphere).

– after any improper transport (e.g. insufﬁcient packing not

conforming to the minimum standards of post, rail or transport

company)

Proper operation

Please note: This instrument is only destined for use by personnel

well instructed and familiar with the dangers of electrical measure-

ments.

For safety reasons the oscilloscope may only be operated from

mains outlets with safety ground connector. It is prohibited to

separate the safety ground connection. The plug must be inserted

prior to connecting any signals.

General information

Please check the instrument for mechanical damage or loose

parts immediately after unpacking. In case of damage we advise

to contact the sender. Do not operate.

List of symbols used

Consult the manual High voltage

STOP

Important note Ground

Positioning the instrument

As can be seen from the ﬁgures, the handle can be set into diffe-

rent positions:

A and B = carrying

C = horizontal operating

D and E = operating at different angles

F = handle removal

T = shipping (handle unlocked)

STOP

Attention!

When changing the handle position, the instru-

ment must be placed so that it can not fall (e.g.

placed on a table). Then the handle locking knobs

must be simultaneously pulled outwards and

rotated to the required position. Without pulling

the locking knobs they will latch in into the next

locking position.

Handle mounting/dismounting

The handle can be removed by pulling it out further, depending on

the instrument model in position B or F.

Safety

The instrument fulﬁls the VDE 0411 part 1 regulations for

electrical measuring, control and laboratory instruments and

was manufactured and tested accordingly. It left the factory in

perfect safe condition. Hence it also corresponds to European

Standard EN 61010-1 resp. International Standard IEC 1010-1.

In order to maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation

the user is required to observe the warnings and other directions

for use in this manual. Housing, chassis as well as all measu-

ring terminals are connected to safety ground of the mains.

All accessible metal parts were tested against the mains with

200 VDC. The instrument conforms to safety class I.

The oscilloscope may only be operated from mains outlets with a

safety ground connector. The plug has to be installed prior to con-

necting any signals. It is prohibited to separate the safety ground

connection.

Most electron tubes generate X-rays; the ion dose rate of this ins-

trument remains well below the 36 pA/kg permitted by law.

In case safe operation may not be guaranteed do not use the ins-

trument any more and lock it away in a secure place.

Subject to change without notice

General information

Type of fuse:

Size 5 x 20 mm; 250V~, C;

IEC 127, Bl. III; DIN 41 662

(or DIN 41 571, Bl. 3).

Cut off: slow blow (T) 0,8A.

CAT I

This oscilloscope is destined for measurements in circuits not

connected to the mains or only indirectly. Direct measurements,

i.e. with a galvanic connection to circuits corresponding to the

categories II, III, or IV are prohibited!

The measuring circuits are considered not connected to the mains

if a suitable isolation transformer fulﬁlling safety class II is used.

Measurements on the mains are also possible if suitable probes

like current probes are used which fulﬁl the safety class II. The

measurement category of such probes must be checked and

observed.

Measurement categories

The measurement categories were derived corresponding to the

distance from the power station and the transients to be expected

hence. Transients are short, very fast voltage or current excursions

which may be periodic or not.

Measurement CAT IV:

Measurements close to the power station, e.g. on electricity

meters

Measurement CAT III:

Measurements in the interio r of buildi ngs ( p ower dis tri buti on instal-

lations, mains outlets, motors which are permanently installed).

Measurement CAT II:

Measurements in circuits directly connected to the mains (house-

hold appliances, power tools etc).

Measurement CAT I:

Electronic instruments and circuits which contain circuit breakers

resp. fuses.

Environment of use.

The oscilloscope is destined for operation in industrial, business,

manufacturing, and living sites.

Environmental conditions

Operating ambient temperature: 0 to + 40 degrees C. During trans-

port or storage the temperature may be –20 to +55 degrees C.

Please note that after exposure to such temperatures or in case

of condensation proper time must be allowed until the instrument

has reached the permissible range of 0 to + 40 degrees resp. until

the condensation has evaporated before it may be turned on!

Ordinarily this will be the case after 2 hours. The oscilloscope is

destined for use in clean and dry environments. Do not operate in

dusty or chemically aggressive atmosphere or if there is danger

of explosion.

The operating position may be any, however, sufﬁcient ventilation

mustbeensured(convectioncooling). Prolonged operationrequires

the horizontal or inclined position.

STOP

Do not obstruct the ventilation holes!

Speciﬁcations are valid after a 20 minute warm-up period between

15 and 30 degr. C. Speciﬁcations without tolerances are average

values.

Warranty and repair

HAMEG instruments are subjected to a strict quality control. Prior

to leaving the factory, each instrument is burnt-in for 10 hours.

By intermittent operation during this period almost all defects

are detected. Following the burn-in, each instrument is tested for

function and quality, the speciﬁcations are checked in all operating

modes; the test gear is calibrated to national standards.

The warranty standards applicable are those of the country in

which the instrument was sold. Reclamations should be directed

to the dealer.

Only valid in EU countries

In order to speed reclamations customers in EU countries may

also contact HAMEG directly. Also, after the warranty expired, the

HAMEG service will be at your disposal for any repairs.

Return material authorization (RMA):

Prior to returning an instrument to HAMEG ask for a RMA number

either by internet (http://www.hameg.com) or fax. If you do not

have an original shipping carton, you may obtain one by calling the

HAMEG sales dept (+49-6182-800-300) or by sending an email

to vertrieb@hameg.com.

Maintenance

Clean the outer shell using a dust brush in regular intervals. Dirt can

be removed from housing, handle, all metal and plastic parts using

a cloth moistened with water and 1 % detergent. Greasy dirt may

be removed with benzene (petroleum ether) or alcohol, there after

wipe the surfaces with a dry cloth. Plastic parts should be treated

with an antistatic solution destined for such parts. No ﬂuid may

enter the instrument. Do not use other cleansing agents as they

may adversely affect the plastic or lacquered surfaces.

Line voltage

The instrument has a wide range power supply from 105 to 253 V,

50 or 60 Hz ±10%. There is hence no line voltage selector.

The line fuse is accessible on the rear panel and part of the line input

connector. Prior to exchanging a fuse the line cord must be pulled

out. Exchange is only allowed if the fuse holder is undamaged, it

can be taken out using a screwdriver put into the slot. The fuse

can be pushed out of its holder and exchanged.

The holder with the new fuse can then be pushed back in place

against the spring. It is prohibited to ”repair“ blown fuses or to

bridge the fuse. Any damages incurred by such measures will

void the warranty.

Subject to change without notice

Voltage values of a sine curve

Vrms = effective value; Vp= simple peak or crest value;

Vpp = peak to peak value; Vmom = momentary value.

The minimum signal voltage which must be applied to the Y input

for a trace of 1div height is 1mVpp (± 5%) with this deflection

coefficient displayed on the screen (readout) and the vernier

switched off (VAR-LED dark). However, smaller signals than this

may also be displayed. The deflection coefficients are indicated

in mV/div or V/div (peak to peak value).

The magnitude of the applied voltage is ascertained by multiplying

the selected deflection coefficient by the vertical display height

in div. If an attenuator probe x10 is used, a further multiplication

by a factor of 10 is required to ascertain the correct voltage value.

This factor can be entered into the oscilloscope’s memory for

automatic calculation.

For exact amplitude measurements, the variable control (VAR)

must be set to its calibrated detent CAL position.

With the variable control activated the deflection sensitivity can

be reduced up to a ratio of 2.5 to 1 (

please note ”controls and

readout”

). Therefore any intermediate value is possible within

the 1-2-5 sequence of the attenuator(s).

With direct connection to the Y input, signals up to 400 Vpp

may be displayed (attenuator set to 20 V/div, variable

control to 2.5:1).

With the designations

H = display height in div,

U = signal voltage in Vpp at the Y input,

D = deflection coefficient in V/div at attenuator switch,

the required value can be calculated from the two given quantities:

However, these three values are not freely selectable. They have

to be within the following limits (trigger threshold, accuracy of

reading):

H between 0.5 and 8div, if possible 3.2 to 8div,

U between 0.5 mVpp and 160 Vpp,

D between 1 mV/div and 20 V/div in 1-2-5 sequence.

Examples:

Set deflection coefficient D = 50 mV/div 0.05 V/div,

observed display height H = 4.6 div,

required voltage U = 0.05x4.6 = 0.23 Vpp.

Type of signal voltage

The oscilloscope HM504-2 allows examination of DC voltages

and most repetitive signals in the frequency range up to at least

50 MHz (–3 dB).

The Y amplifiers have been designed for minimum overshoot and

therefore permit a true signal display.

The display of sinusoidal signals within the bandwidth limits

causes no problems, but an increasing error in measurement due

to gain reduction must be taken into account when measuring

high frequency signals. This error becomes noticeable at approx.

14 MHz. At approx. 30 MHz the reduction is approx. 10% and the

real voltage value is 11% higher. The gain reduction error can not

be defined exactly as the –3 dB bandwidth of the Y amplifiers

differs between 50 MHz and 55 MHz.

When examining square or pulse type waveforms, attention

must be paid to the harmonic content of such signals. The

repetition frequency (fundamental frequency) of the signal must

therefore be significantly smaller than the upper limit frequency

of the Y amplifiers.

Displaying composite signals can be difficult, especially if they

contain no repetitive higher amplitude content that can be used

for triggering. This is the case with bursts, for instance. To obtain

a well triggered display in this case, the assistance of the variable

holdoff function or the delayed time base may be required.

Television video signals are relatively easy to trigger using the

built in TV Sync Separator (TV).

For optional operation as a DC or AC voltage amplifier, each Y

amplifier input is provided with a DC/AC switch. DC coupling should

only be used with a series connected attenuator probe or at very

low frequencies, or if the measurement of the DC voltage content

of the signal is absolutely necessary.

When displaying very low frequency pulses, the flat tops may be

sloping with AC coupling of the Y amplifier (AC limit frequency

approx. 1.6 Hz for 3dB). In this case, DC operation is preferred,

provided the signal voltage is not superimposed on too high a DC

level. Otherwise a capacitor of adequate capacitance must be

connected to the input of the Y amplifier with DC coupling. This

capacitor must have a sufficiently high breakdown voltage rating.

DC coupling is also recommended for the display of logic and

pulsesignals,especiallyifthepulsedutyfactorchangesconstantly.

Otherwise the display will move upwards or downwards at each

change. Pure direct voltages can only be measured with DC

coupling.

Amplitude Measurements

In general electrical engineering, alternating voltage data normally

refers to effective values (rms = root mean square value).

However, for signal magnitudes and voltage designations in

oscilloscope measurements, the peak to peak voltage (Vpp) value

is applied. The latter corresponds to the real potential difference

between the most positive and most negative points of a signal

waveform.

If a sinusoidal waveform, displayed on the oscilloscope screen,

is to be converted into an effective (rms) value, the resulting peak

to peak value must be divided by 2 x √2 = 2.83. Conversely, it

should be observed that sinusoidal voltages indicated in Vrms

(Veff) have 2.83 times the potential difference in Vpp. The

relationship between the different voltage magnitudes can be

seen from the following figure.

Type of signal voltage

Subject to change without notice

Input voltage U = 5 Vpp,

set deflection coefficient D = 1 V/div,

required display height H = 5:1 = 5 div.

Signal voltage U = 230 Vrms x 2√2 = 651 Vpp

(voltage > 160 Vpp, with probe 10:1: U = 65.1 Vpp),

desired display height H = min. 3.2 div, max. 8 div,

max. deflection coefficient D = 65.1:3.2 = 20.3 V/div,

min. deflection coefficient D = 65.1:8 = 8.1 V/div,

adjusted deflection coefficient D = 10 V/div.

The previous examples are related to the CRT graticule reading.

The results can also be determined with the aid of the DV cursor

measurement (

please note ”controls and readout”

The input voltage must not exceed 400 V, irrespective of polarity.

If an AC voltage which is superimposed on a DC voltage is

applied, the maximum peak value of both voltages must not

exceed + or –400 V. So for AC voltages with a mean value of zero

volt the maximum peak to peak value is 800 Vpp.

If attenuator probes with higher limits are used, the probes

limits are valid only if the oscilloscope is set to DC input

coupling.

If DC voltages are applied under AC input coupling conditions the

oscilloscope maximum input voltage value remains 400 V.

The attenuator consists of a resistor in the probe and the

1 MOhm input resistor of the oscilloscope, which is disabled by

the AC input coupling capacity when AC coupling is selected. This

also applies to DC voltages with superimposed AC voltages.

It also must be noted that due to the capacitive reactance of the

AC input coupling capacitor, the attenuation ratio depends on the

signal frequency. For sine wave signals with frequencies higher

than 40 Hz this influence is negligible.

Apart from the above listed exceptions, HAMEG 10:1 probes can

be used for DC measurements up to 600 V or AC voltages (with

a mean value of zero volt) of 1200 Vpp. The 100 :1 probe HZ53

allows for use up to 1200 V DC or 2400 Vpp for AC.

It should be noted that its AC peak value is derated at higher

frequencies. If a normal x10 probe is used to measure high

voltages, there is the risk that the compensation trimmer bridging

the attenuator series resistor will break down, causing damage to

the input of the oscilloscope.

However, if for example only the residual ripple of a high voltage

is to be displayed on the oscilloscope, a normal x10 probe is

sufficient. In this case, an appropriate high voltage capacitor

(approx. 22 - 68nF) must be connected in series with the input tip

of the probe.

With Y-POS. control (input coupling to GD) it is possible to use a

horizontal graticule line as reference line for ground potential

before the measurement. It can lie below or above the horizontal

central line according to whether positive and/or negative

deviations from the ground potential are to be measured.

Total value of input voltage

The dotted line shows a voltage alternating at zero volt level. If

superimposed on a DC voltage, the addition of the positive peak

and the DC voltage results in the max. voltage (DC + ACpeak).

Time Measurements

As a rule, most signals to be displayed are periodically repeating

processes, also called periods. The number of periods per second

is the repetition frequency. Depending on the time base setting

(TIME/DIV. knob) indicated by the readout, one or several signal

periods or only a part of a period can be displayed. The time

coefficients are stated in ms/div, µs/div or ns/div. The following

examples are related to the CRT graticule reading. The results can

also be determined with the aid of the Dt and 1/Dt cursor

measurement (

please note ”controls and readout”

The duration of a signal period or a part of it is determined by

multiplying the relevant time (horizontal distance in div) by the

(calibrated) time coefficient displayed in the readout.

Uncalibrated,thetimebasespeedcanbereduceduntilamaximum

factor of 2.5 is reached. Therefore any intermediate value is

possible within the 1-2-5 sequence.

With the designations

L = displayed wave length in div of one period,

T = time in seconds for one period,

F = recurrence frequency in Hz of the signal,

Tc = time coefficient in ms, µs or ns/div and the relation

F = 1/T, the following can be stated:

However, these four values are not freely selectable. They

have to be within the following limits:

L between 0.2 and 10 div, if possible 4 to 10 div,

T between 10 ns and 5 s,

F between 0.5 Hz and 100 MHz,

Tc between 100 ns/div and 500 ms/div in 1-2-5 sequence

(with X-MAG. (x10) inactive), and

Tc between 10 ns/div and 50 ms/div in 1-2-5 sequence (with

X-MAG. (x10) active).

Type of signal voltage

Subject to change without notice

With a time coefficient of 10 ns/div (X x10 magnification active),

the example shown in the above figure results in a total measured

risetime of

ttot = 1.6 div x 10 ns/div = 16 ns

When very fast risetimes are being measured, the risetimes of

the oscilloscope amplifier and of the attenuator probe have to be

deducted from the measured time value. The risetime of the

signal can be calculated using the following formula.

tr= √ttot2– tosc2– tp2

In this ttot is the total measured risetime, tosc is the risetime of the

oscilloscope amplifier (approx. 7 ns), and tpthe risetime of the

probe (e.g. = 2 ns). If ttot is greater than 100 ns, then ttot can be

taken as the risetime of the pulse, and calculation is unnecessary.

Calculation of the example in the figure above results in a signal

risetime:

tr= √162– 72– 22 = 14.25 ns

The measurement of the rise or fall time is not limited to the trace

dimensions shown in the above diagram. It is only particularly

simple in this way. In principle it is possible to measure in any

display position and at any signal amplitude. It is only important

that the full height of the signal edge of interest is visible in its full

length at not too great steepness and that the horizontal distance

at 10% and 90% of the amplitude is measured. If the edge shows

rounding or overshooting, the 100% should not be related to the

peak values but to the mean pulse heights. Breaks or peaks

(glitches) next to the edge are also not taken into account. With

very severe transient distortions, the rise and fall time

measurementhaslittlemeaning.Foramplifierswithapproximately

constant group delay (therefore good pulse transmission

performance) the following numerical relationship between rise

time tr (in ns) and bandwidth B (in MHz) applies:

Connection ofTest Signal

In most cases, briefly depressing the AUTOSET causes a useful

signal related instrument setting. The following explanations

refer to special applications and/or signals, demanding a manual

instrument setting.

The description of the controls is explained

in the section ”controls and readout”.

Caution:

Whenconnectingunknownsignals totheoscilloscopeinput,

always use automatic triggering and set the input coup-

ling switch to AC. The attenuator should initially be set to

20 V/div.

Sometimes the trace will disappear after an input signal has been

applied.Thenahigherdeflectioncoefficient(lowerinput sensitivity)

must be chosen until the vertical signal height is only 3 – 8 div.

With a signal amplitude greater than 160 Vpp and the deflection

coefficient (VOLTS/DIV.) in calibrated condition, an attenuator

probe must be inserted before the Y input. If, after applying the

signal, the trace is nearly blanked, the period of the signal is

probably substantially longer than the set time deflection

coefficient (TIME/DIV.). It should be switched to an adequately

larger time coefficient.

Examples:

Displayed wavelength L = 7 div,

set time coefficient Tc = 100 ns/div,

thus period T = 7 x 100 x 10-9 = 0.7 µs

thus freq. F = 1/(0.7 x 10-6) = 1.428 MHz.

Signal period T = 1s,

set time coefficient Tc = 0.2 s/div,

thus wavelength L = 1/0.2 = 5 div.

Displayed ripple wavelength L = 1 div,

set time coefficient Tc = 10 ms/div,

thus ripple freq. F = 1/(1 x 10 x 10-3) = 100 Hz.

TV Line frequency F = 15625 Hz,

set time coefficient Tc = 10 µs/div,

required wavelength L = 1/(15,625 x 10-5) = 6.4 div.

Sine wavelength L = min. 4 div, max. 10 div,

Frequency F = 1 kHz,

max. time coefficient Tc = 1/(4 x 103) = 0.25 ms/div,

min. time coefficient Tc = 1/(10 x 103) = 0.1 ms/div,

set time coefficient Tc = 0.2 ms/div,

required wavelength L = 1/(103 x 0.2 x 10-3) = 5 div.

Displayed wavelength L = 0.8 div,

set time coefficient Tc = 0.5 µs/div,

pressed X-MAG. (x10) button: Tc = 0.05 µs/div,

thus freq. F = 1/(0.8 x 0.05 x 10-6) = 25 MHz,

thus period T = 1/(25 x 106) = 40 ns.

If the time is relatively short as compared with the complete

signal period, an expanded time scale should always be applied

(X-MAG. (x10) active). In this case, the time interval of interest

can be shifted to the screen center using the X-POS. control.

RiseTime Measurement

When investigating pulse or square waveforms, the critical

feature is the rise time of the voltage step. To ensure that

transients,ramp-offs,andbandwidthlimitsdonotundulyinfluence

the measuring accuracy, the rise time is generally measured

between 10% and 90% of the vertical pulse height. For

measurement, adjust the Y deflection coefficient using its variab-

le function (uncalibrated) together with the Y-POS. control so that

the pulse height is precisely aligned with the 0% and 100% lines

of the internal graticule. The 10% and 90% points of the signal

will now coincide with the 10% and 90% graticule lines. The

risetime is given by the product of the horizontal distance in div

between these two coincident points and the calibrated time

coefficient setting. The fall time of a pulse can also be measured

by using this method.

The following figure shows correct positioning of the oscilloscope

trace for accurate rise time measurement.

Type of signal voltage

Subject to change without notice

With all attenuator probes, the maximum AC input voltage must

be derated with frequency, usually above 20 kHz. Therefore the

derating curve of the attenuator probe type concerned must be

taken into account.

The selection of the ground point on the test object is important

when displaying small signal voltages. It should always be as

close as possible to the measuring point. If this is not done,

serioussignal distortion may result from spurious currents through

the ground leads or chassis parts. The ground leads on attenuator

probes are also particularly critical. They should be as short and

thick as possible. When the attenuator probe is connected to a

BNC-socket, a BNC adapter should be used. In this way ground

and matching problems are eliminated. Hum or interference

appearing in the measuring circuit (especially when a small

deflection coefficient is used) is possibly caused by multiple

grounding because equalizing currents can flow in the shielding

of the test cables (voltage drop between the protective conductor

connections, caused by external equipment connected to the

mains/line, e.g. signal generators with interference protection

capacitors).

Controls and Readout

A: Basic settings

The following description assumes that:

1. “Component Tester” is switched off.

2. The following settings are present under MAIN MENU

> SETUP & INFO > MISCELLANEOUS:

2.1 CONTROL BEEP and ERROR BEEP activated (x),

2.2 QUICK START not activated.

3. The screen Readout is visible.

The LED indicators on the large front panel facilitate operation

and provide additional information. Electrical end positions of

controls are indicated by acoustic signal (beep).

All controls, except the power switch (POWER), are electronically

set and interrogated. Thus, all electronically set functions and

their current settings can be stored and also remotely controlled.

B: Menu Display and Operation

Operation of some pushbuttons activates the display of menus.

There are Standard and Pulldown Menus.

Standard menus:

When a standard menu is displayed, all other readout information

(e.g. parameter settings) are switched off. The readout then

consists of the menu headline, and the respective menu functions.

At the bottom of the graticule are displayed symbols and

commands which can be operated by the pushbuttons related to

them below.

“Esc” CT pushbutton [37] switches one step back in the menu

hierarchy.

“Exit” SELECT – ON/OFF pushbutton [34] closes the menu and

switches back to the operating conditions present before calling

the menu.

The pushbuttons underneath the triangle symbols pointing

upwards UNIT CAL.SEL. [35] and downwards SOURCE GLUE

[33] enable you to select one item which becomes highlighted.

The signal to be displayed can be connected directly to the Y input

of the oscilloscope with a shielded test cable such as HZ32 or

HZ34, or reduced through a x10 or x100 attenuator probe. The

use of test cables with high impedance circuits is only

recommendedforrelativelylowfrequencies(uptoapprox.50 kHz).

For higher frequencies, the signal source must be of low

impedance, i.e. matched to the characteristic resistance of the

cable (as a rule 50 Ohm). Especially when transmitting square and

pulse signals, a resistor equal to the characteristic impedance of

the cable must also be connected across the cable directly at the

Y-input of the oscilloscope. When using a 50 Ohm cable such as

the HZ34, a 50 Ohm through termination type HZ22 is available

from HAMEG. When transmitting square signals with short rise

times, transient phenomena on the edges and top of the signal

may become visible if the correct termination is not used. A

terminating resistance is sometimes recommended with sine

signals as well. Certain amplifiers, generators or their attenuators

maintain the nominal output voltage independent of frequency

only if their connection cable is terminated with the prescribed

resistance. Here it must be noted that the terminating resistor

HZ22 will only dissipate a maximum of 2 Watts. This power is

reached with 10 Vrms (28.3 Vpp) with sine signal. If a x10 or x100

attenuator probe is used, no termination is necessary. In this

case, the connecting cable is matched directly to the high

impedance input of the oscilloscope. When using attenuator

probes, even high internal impedance sources are only slightly

loaded (approx. 10 MOhm II 12 pF or 100 MOhm II 5 pF with

HZ53). Therefore, if the voltage loss due to the attenuation of the

probe can be compensated by a higher amplitude setting, the

probe should always be used. The series impedance of the probe

provides a certain amount of protection for the input of the Y

amplifier. Because of their separate manufacture, all attenuator

probes are only partially compensated, therefore accurate

compensation must be performed on the oscilloscope

(see Probe

compensation )

Standard attenuator probes on the oscilloscope normally reduce

its bandwidth and increase the rise time. In all cases where the

oscilloscope bandwidth must be fully utilized (e.g. for pulses with

steep edges) we strongly advise using the probes HZ51 (x10)

HZ52 (x10 HF) and HZ54 (x1 and x10). This can save the purchase

of an oscilloscope with larger bandwidth.

The probes mentioned have an HF-adjustment in addition to low

frequency calibration adjustment. Thus a group delay correction

to the upper limit frequency of the oscilloscope is possible with

the aid of a 1 MHz calibrator, e.g. HZ60.

In fact the bandwidth and rise time of the oscilloscope are not

noticeably changed with these probe types and the waveform

reproduction fidelity can even be improved because the probe

can be matched to the oscilloscope’s individual pulse response.

If a x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used, DC input coupling

must always be used at voltages above 400 V. With AC

coupling of low frequency signals, the attenuation is no

longer independent of frequency, pulse tops can show pulse

tilts. Direct voltages are suppressed but charge the

oscilloscope input coupling capacitor concerned. Its voltage

rating is max. 400 V (DC + peak AC). DC input coupling is

therefore of quite special importance with a x100 atte-

nuation probe which usually has a voltage rating of max.

1200 V (DC + peak AC). A capacitor of corresponding

capacitance and voltage rating may be connected in series

with the attenuator probe input for blocking DC voltage

(e.g. for hum voltage measurement).

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

[2] AUTOSET

Briefly pressing this pushbutton results in an automatic

instrument setting selecting Yt mode as the default. The

instrument is set to the last used Yt mode setting (CH I, CH II

or DUAL).

The instrument is set automatically to normal (undelayed)

time base mode, even if the previous Yt mode was present

in combination with search (“sea”), delay (“del”) or triggered

delay (“dTr”) time base mode.

Please also note ”AUTO-

SET” in section “First Time Operation”.

Automatic CURSOR positioning:

If CURSOR lines are displayed and AUTOSET is chosen the

CURSOR lines are set automatically under suitable conditions

and the readout briefly displays “SETTING CURSOR”.

If the signal height is insufficient, the CURSOR lines do not

change. In DUAL mode the CURSOR lines are related to the

signal which is used for internal triggering.

Voltage CURSOR

If voltage measurement is present, the CURSOR lines are

automatically set to the positive and negative peak value of

the signal. The accuracy of this function decreases with

higher frequencies and is also influenced by the signal‘s

pulse duty factor.

Time/Frequency CURSOR

If complex waveforms such as video signals are applied, the

cursor lines may not align exactly with one period and give a

false reading.

[3] INTENS/FOCUS – Knob with associated LEDs and TRACE

ROT.-pushbutton.

If the readout (RO) is not switched off, briefly pressing the

READOUT pushbutton switches over the INTENS/FOCUS

knob function indicated by a LED in the sequence A, FOC,

RO, A. In condition READOUT deactivated, the switching

sequence is A, FOC, A.

“A”:

The INTENS/FOCUS control knob adjusts the signal(s)

intensity. Turning this knob clockwise increases the intensity.

Only the minimum required trace intensity should be used,

depending on signal parameters, oscilloscope settings and

light conditions.

“FOC”:

The INTENS/FOCUS control knob adjusts both the trace and

the readout sharpness. Note: The electron beam diameter

getslargerwithahighertraceintensityandthe trace sharpness

decreases.Thiscanbecorrectedtoacertainextent.Assuming

that the trace sharpness was set to optimum in the screen

centre, it is unavoidable that the trace sharpness decreases

with an increasing distance from the centre.

Since the settings of the signal(s) intensity (A) and the

READOUT (RO) are usually different, the FOCUS should be

set for optimum signal(s) sharpness. The sharpness of the

READOUT then can be improved by reducing the READOUT

intensity.

“RO”:

The INTENS/FOCUS control knob adjusts the READOUT

intensity. Turning this knob clockwise increases and counter

clockwisedecreasestheintensity.Onlytheminimumrequired

intensity should be used.

“SET” MAIN MENU-pushbutton [31] calls the selected menu

item, starts a function or switches a function on/off.

Pulldown menus:

After pressing a pushbutton which calls a Pulldown menu, the

instrument parameter settings are still displayed. The readout

only changes in respect to the called parameter (e.g. input

coupling) and now shows all selectable parameter options (in

case of input coupling: AC, DC and GND). The previously displayed

parameter doesn‘t change but is displayed highlighted. Each time

the pushbutton is briefly pressed the next parameter becomes

active and highlighted, as long as the Pulldown menu is displayed.

Without further pressing the pushbutton, the Pulldown menu

extinguishes after a few seconds and the selected parameter is

displayed in the normal way.

C: READOUT Information

The readout alphanumerically displays the scope parameter

settings, measurement results and CURSOR lines. Which

informationisdisplayeddependsontheactualinstrumentsettings.

The following list contains the most important display information.

Top of the graticule from left to right:

1st time deflection coefficient

2nd trigger source, slope and coupling

3rd operating condition of delay time base

4th measuring results

Bottom of the graticule from left to right:

1st probe symbol (x10), Y deflection coefficient and input

coupling channel I

2nd “+” symbol (addition)

3rd probe symbol (x10), Y deflection coefficient and input

coupling channel II

4th channel mode

The trigger point symbol is displayed at the left graticule border

line. The CURSOR lines can take any position within the graticule.

Description of Controls

The large front panel is, as usual with Hameg oscilloscopes,

marked with several fields.

The following controls and LED indicators are located on the top,

to the right of the screen, above the horizontal line.

[1] POWER – Pushbutton and symbols for ON (I) and OFF (O).

After the oscilloscope is switched on, all LEDs are lit and an

automated instrument test is performed. During this time the

HAMEG logo and the software version are displayed on the

screen. After the internal test is completed successfully, the

overlay is switched off and the normal operation mode is

present. Then the last used settings become activated and

LED [3] indicates the ON condition.

Controls and Readout

POWER

AUTOSET

INTENS / FOCUS

SAVE

RECALL

50 MHz

ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPE

HM504-2

Instruments

TRACE

ROT.

21 3 4 5

Subject to change without notice

The setting controls and LED’s for the Y amplifiers, modes,

triggering and time base are located underneath the sector of the

front panel described above.

[6] Y-POS/CURS. I – Control knob with two functions.

This knob allows position control of channel I trace or CUR-

SOR line(s). Briefly pressing the CURSOR POS pushbutton

[7] selects the function. If the CURSOR line(s) are not

displayed the CURS. I function is not selectable.

Y-POS:

The vertical trace position of channel I can be set with this

control knob, if the CURSOR POS LED isn’t lit. In addition

(“add”) mode both Y-POS/CURS. I [6] and Y-POS/CURS. II

[8] control knobs are active. If the instrument is set to XY

mode this control knob is inactive and the X-POS. [12] knob

must be used for horizontal positioning.

DC voltage measurement:

If no signal is applied at the INPUT CH I [25], the vertical trace

position represents 0 Volt. This is the case if INPUT CH I [25]

or in addition (ADD) mode, both INPUT CH I [25] and INPUT

CH II [28], are set to GND (ground) [26; 29] and automatic

triggering AT [9] is present to make the trace visible.

The trace can then be set to the vertical position best suited

for the following DC voltage measurement. After switching

GND (ground) off and selecting DC input coupling, a DC

signal applied at the input changes the trace position in

vertical direction. The DC voltage then can be determined by

taking the deflection coefficient, the probe factor and the

trace position change with respect to the previous 0 Volt

position into account.

”0-Volt”-Symbol:

The READOUT indicates the “0-Volt” trace position of channel

I by a ”⊥⊥

⊥⊥

⊥”symbol to the left of the screen‘s vertical centre line

in CHI and DUAL mode. When Y position is used, this symbol

changes to an “arrow” symbol pointing outside the graticule

just before the trace goes outside the graticule limits.

If addition mode (“add”) is present just one ”⊥” symbol is

visible. In XY mode the “0-Volt” trace position for channel I (X)

and channel II (Y) is symbolised by “triangle” symbols at the

right graticule border (Y) and above theY deflection coefficient

display. The “triangle” symbol(s) point(s) outside the graticule

when the “0-Volt” trace position is outside the graticule.

CURS.I:

The CURSOR lines marked by the symbol “I” can be shifted

by the Y-POS/CURS. I control knob, if the CURSOR POS

LED [7] lit.

TRACE ROT. (trace rotation) is selected by pressing and

holding the pushbutton. This causes the display “Trace Rot.

with Int.” (trace rotation by use of INTENS/FOCUS knob) and

allows you to compensate the influence of the Earth’s

magneticfieldonthe trace deflection. To avoid misadjustment

due to unavoidable deflection non linearities, set the trace to

the graticule centre (Y-POS/CURS.I and X-POS. control).

After the trace has been set parallel to the horizontal graticule

line using INTENS/FOCUS, press “SAVE” to store the last

setting.

Further information can be found in section “First Time

Operation” under “Trace Rotation”.

[4] RM

The remote control mode can be switched on or off (”RM”

LED dark) via the RS-232 interface. When the ”RM” LED is

lit, all electronically selectable controls on the front panel are

inactive. This state can be cancelled by depressing the

AUTO SET pushbutton provided it was not deactivated via

the interface.

[5] SAVE / RECALL – Pushbutton for instrument settings

The instrument contains 9 non volatile memories. These

can be used by the operator to save instrument settings and

to recall them.

SAVE:

Press and hold the RECALL/SAVE button to start a storage

process. This causes the SAVE menu (Standard menu, note

“B: Menu-Display and Operation”) to be displayed. Choose

the memory location cipher (highlighted) by pressing a

pushbutton underneath the triangle symbols. Briefly press

thepushbutton underneath “SET” to store the last instrument

setting and return from menu display to previous mode. If the

SAVE function was called inadvertently, it can be switched

off with “Esc”.

Switching the instrument off automatically stores the current

settings in memory location 9 (PWR OFF = Power Off), with

the effect that different settings previously stored in this

location get lost. To prevent this, RECALL 9 before switching

the instrument off.

RECALL:

Briefly pressing calls the RECALL menu. You can select the

required memory location using a “triangle” pushbutton.

Recall the previously stored instrument settings by briefly

pressing the “SET” pushbutton or briefly press “Esc” if the

function was called inadvertently.

Attention:

When an instrument setting is recalled, the current

signal may not be optimally displayed unless similar

(frequency, amplitude) to that used when the setting

was stored.

Controls and Readout

Y-POS / CURS.I

VOLTS / DIV.

CH I CH II DEL.MODE Z-ON/OFF

Y-POS / CURS.II LEVEL X-POS.

CURSOR

POS

VOLTS / DIV.

DEL.POS.

TRIG.

SOURCE

DUAL

TIME / DIV.

20V 1mV 20V 1mV 0.5s 50ns

X-

MAG.

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

INV. VA R. VAR .

OFF

VAR .

TRIG. MODE

67 98 11 131210

15 17 19

16 24

21 22 23

x10

POWER

AUTOSET

INTENS / FOCUS

SAVE

RECALL

50 MHz

ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPE

HM504-2

Instruments

TRACE

ROT.

21 3 4 5

Subject to change without notice

If addition mode (“add”) is present just one ”^” symbol is

visible.

In XY mode the “0 Volt” trace position for channel I (X) and

channel II (Y) is symbolised by “triangle” symbols at the right

graticule border (Y) and above the Y deflection coefficient

display.The“triangle”symbol(s)point(s)outsidethegraticule

when the “0-Volt” trace position is outside the graticule.

CURS. II:

The CURSOR lines marked by the symbol “II” can be shifted

by the Y-POS/CURS. II control knob, if the CURSOR POS

LED [7] lit.

[9] NM AT – Pushbutton with a double function and asso-

ciated NM LED.

NM / AT selection:

Press and hold the pushbutton to switch over from automatic

(peak value) to normal triggering (NM LED above the

pushbutton lit) and vice versa. If the LED is dark, automatic

or automatic peak value triggering is selected.

AT:

Automatic triggering can be carried out with or without peak

capture. In both cases the LEVEL control [11] is effective and

the trace is visible even if no signal is applied or trigger

settings are unsuitable. Signal frequencies below the

automatic trigger frequency can not be triggered as the

automatic trigger cycle starts to early for such signals.

In the automatic peak value triggering condition the LEVEL

control [11] range is limited to the trigger signal positive and

negative peak values. Automatic triggering without peak

value detection enables the trigger point to be set outside the

signalamplituderange.Inthelattercase, although untriggered,

there is still a signal display.

Whether the peak value detection is active or not depends on

the operating mode and the selected trigger coupling. The

actual state is recognised by the behaviour of the trigger

point symbol when changing the LEVEL setting.

NM:

Normal triggering disables both the automatic trigger and the

peak value detection so even low frequency signals can be

displayed in a stable manner. Without suitable input signal

height, trigger coupling and LEVEL settings, no trace will be

displayed.

The last LEVEL setting of the time base is stored, then the

control again becomes active when selecting triggering after

delay DEL.MODE (“dTr”) time base mode (quasi 2nd time

base). In combination with In “dTr” mode the LEVEL control

is operative for the “2nd time base”.

/ \ (Slope selection):

Each time this pushbutton is briefly pressed, the slope

direction switches from falling edge to rising edge and vice

versa. The current setting is displayed in the readout by a

slope symbol. The last setting in undelayed time base mode

is stored and still active if triggered delay (“dTr”) time base

mode is selected. This allows for a different slope setting for

the triggered DELAY (DTR) time base mode.

[10] TR – Trigger indicator LED.

The TR LED is lit in Yt mode if the triggering conditions are

met for the first trigger unit used in undelayed time base

[7] CURSOR POS –Pushbutton and LED.

Briefly pressing this pushbutton determines the function of

the Y-POS/CURS.I [6] and Y-POS/CURS.II [8] controls.

If the LED is not lit the Y position control function is active.

Provided that the CURSOR lines are activated, the LED can

be switched on by briefly pressing the CURSOR POS-

pushbutton. Then the controls [6] and [8] are switched over

from Y position to CURSOR position control CURS.I [6] and

CURS.II [8]. Briefly pressing this pushbutton once again

switches back to the Y position control function.

[8] Y-POS/CURS. II – Control knob with two functions.

This knob enables position control of channel II trace or

CURSOR line(s). Briefly pressing the CURSOR POS-

pushbutton [7] selects the function. If the CURSOR line(s)

are not displayed the CURS. I function is not selectable.

Y-POS:

The vertical trace position of channel II can be set with this

control knob, if the CURSOR POS LED isn’t lit. In addition

(“add”) mode both, Y-POS/CURS. I [6] and Y-POS/CURS. II

[8] control knobs are active. If the instrument is set to XY

mode, this control knob is inactive and the X-POS.-knob [12]

must be used for horizontal positioning.

DC voltage measurement:

If no signal is applied at the INPUT CH II [28], the vertical

trace position represents 0 Volt. This is the case if INPUT CH

II [28] or in addition (ADD) mode, both, INPUT CH I [25] and

INPUT CH II [28], are set to GND (ground) [26; 29] and

automatic triggering AT [9] is present to make the trace

visible.

The trace can then be set to the vertical position best suited

for the following DC voltage measurement. After switching

GND (ground) off and selecting DC input coupling, a DC

signal applied at the input changes the trace position in

vertical direction. The DC voltage then can be determined by

taking the deflection coefficient,

the probe factor and the

trace position change with respect to the previous 0 Volt

position into account.

”0-Volt”-Symbol:

TheREADOUTindicatesthe “0-Volt” trace position of channel

II by a ”^” symbol to the right of the screen‘s vertical centre

line in CH II and DUAL mode. When Y-position is used, this

symbol changes to an “arrow” symbol pointing outside the

graticule just before the trace goes outside the graticule

limits.

Controls and Readout

Y-POS / CURS.I

VOLTS / DIV.

CH I CH II DEL.MODE Z-ON/OFF

Y-POS / CURS.II LEVEL X-POS.

CURSOR

POS

VOLTS / DIV.

DEL.POS.

TRIG.

SOURCE

DUAL

TIME / DIV.

20V 1mV 20V 1mV 0.5s 50ns

X-

MAG.

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

INV. VA R. VAR .

OFF

VAR .

TRIG. MODE

67 98 11 131210

15 17 19

16 24

21 22 23

x10

Subject to change without notice

mode. Whether the LED flashes or is lit constantly depends

on the frequency of the trigger signal.

[11] LEVEL – Control knob.

Turning the LEVEL knob causes a different trigger point

setting (voltage). The trigger unit starts the time base when

the edge of a trigger signal crosses the trigger point. In most

Yt modes the trigger point is displayed in the readout by the

symbol on the left vertical graticule line. If the trigger point

symbol would overwrite other readout information or would

be invisible when being set above or below the screen, the

symbol changes and an arrow indicates in which vertical

direction the trigger point has left the screen.

The trigger point symbol is automatically switched off in

those modes where there is no direct relation between the

trigger signal and the displayed signal. The last setting in

undelayed time base mode is stored and still active if triggered

delay (“dTr”) time base mode is selected. This allows for a

different level setting for the triggered delay (“dTr”) time

base mode.

[12] X-POS. – Control knob.

This control knob enables an X position shift of the signal(s)

in Yt and XY mode. In combination with X magnification x10

(Yt mode) this function makes it possible to shift any part of

the signal on the screen.

[13] X-MAG. x10 – Pushbutton and LED.

Each time this pushbutton is pressed the x10 LED located

above is switched on or off. If the x10 LED is lit, the signal

display is expanded 10 fold in all time deflection settings >

50ns/div. At 50 ns/div only the expansion is 5 fold and yields

10ns/div. As the X expansion results in a higher time base

speed (lower time deflection coefficient), all time and

frequency relevant information in the readout is switched

over.

After activating X MAG. x10, the visible part of the signal is

that which was previously at the graticule centre. The

interesting part of the signal can be made visible with aid of

the X-POS. [12] control.

This pushbutton is not operative in XY mode.

[14] VOLTS/DIV. – Control knob for channel I with a double

function.

This control is active only if channel I is enabled and it‘s input

coupling (AC or DC) is activated. Channel I is active in CH I

(Mono), DUAL, Addition (“add”) and XY mode. The knob is

automatically disabled if the channel related to it is switched

off, or if the input coupling is set to GND (ground).

Y-deflectioncoefficientsetting(inputattenuator):Thisfunction

is available if the VAR. LED is dark.

Turning the control knob clockwise increases the sensitivity

(decreases the deflection coefficient) in a 1-2-5 sequence

and decreases the sensitivity (increases the deflection

coefficient) if turned in the opposite direction (ccw.). The

available range is from 1mV/div up to 20V/div.

The deflection coefficients and additional information

regarding the active channel(s) are displayed in the readout,

e.g. ”Y1: deflection coefficient, input coupling”. The ”:”

symbolizes calibrated measuring conditions and is replaced

by the ”>” symbol in uncalibrated conditions.

VAR.: The vernier (variable) function is described under item

VAR [15].

[15] CH I VAR. – Pushbutton with two functions.

Pressing and holding this pushbutton selects the VOLTS/

DIV. [14] control knob function between attenuator and

vernier (variable). The current setting is displayed by the

VAR-LED located above the knob.

CH I mode:

Briefly pressing the CHI button sets the instrument to channel

I (Mono CH I) mode. The deflection coefficient displayed in

the readout indicates the current conditions (”Y1...”). If

neither external nor line (mains) triggering was active, the

internal trigger source automatically switches over to channel

I and the READOUT displays “Y1, trigger slope, trigger

coupling”. The last function setting of the VOLTS/DIV [14]

knob remains unchanged.

All channel I related controls are active if the input [25] is not

set to GND [26].

VAR.:

AfterswitchingtheVAR-LED[14]on, the deflection coefficient

is still calibrated. Turning the VOLTS/DIV. [14] control knob

counterclockwisereducesthesignalheightandthedeflection

coefficient becomes uncalibrated.

The readout then displays e.g. ”Y1>...” indicating the

uncalibratedconditioninsteadof”Y1:...”.Pressingand holding

the CHI pushbutton again switches the LED off, sets the

deflection coefficient into calibrated condition and activates

the attenuator function. The previous vernier setting will not

be stored.

[16] DUAL MENU – Pushbutton with multiple functions.

Switchover on DUAL (two channel), ADDITION and XY

operation:

Briefly pressing selects DUAL mode if channel I (mono) or

channel II (mono) mode had been present before. Then the

deflection coefficients of both channels and the channel

switchovermode(altorchp)becomevisibleontheREADOUT.

The last trigger conditions (source, slope and coupling) remain

unchanged, but can be changed.

Pressing and holding the DUAL pushbutton switches directly

to XY mode if channel I (mono) or channel II (mono) mode had

been present before. On condition XY mode pressing the

pushbutton switches back to DUAL mode.

Choosing the channel switch over or sub menu:

Once DUAL mode is active, briefly pressing the (Dual)

pushbutton opens a Pulldown menu with the current

mode displayed highlighted. The menu offers “chp” (chopped

DUAL), “alt” (alternate DUAL), “add” (Addition) and “XY”

mode.

As long as the Pulldown menu is displayed, briefly pressing

the pushbutton selects the next mode and highlights the

actual setting. Please note “B: Menu Display and Opera-

tion“.

If “add” (Addition) mode is activated, briefly pressing the

pushbutton switches over to DUAL mode, without displaying

the Pulldown menu.

All channel related controls are effective as long as the input

coupling is not set to GND [26, 29].

DUAL mode:

On the right of the channel II (Y2:...) deflection coefficient the

READOUT displays the channel switch over mode. “alt”

indicates alternate and „chp“, chopped switch over. The

channel switch over is automatically selected by the time

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

base setting, but can be changed in the pulldown menu. The

oscilloscope automatically determines the channel switching

mode after a change of the time base setting.

“chp” (Chopped):

Indicates chopped mode, whereby the channel switching

occurs constantly between channel I and II during each

sweep. This channel switching mode occurs when any time

base setting between 500 ms/div and 500 µs/div has been

chosen.

“alt” (Alternate):

Indicates alternate channel switching. After each time base

sweep the instrument internally switches over from channel

I to channel II and vice versa. This channel switching mode

is automatically selected if any time coefficient from 200 µs/

div to 50 ns/div is active.

“add” (Addition):

The readout indicates this mode by a ”+” sign located

between both channel deflection coefficients. In addition

mode, two signals (channel I and II) are displayed as one

signal. The Y position of the signal can be influenced by both

Y-POS/CURS.I [6] and Y-POS/CURS.II [8] controls. For

correct measurements the deflection coefficients for both

channels must be equal. While the trigger mode is not

affected, the trigger point symbol is switched off.

Whether the algebraic sum (addition) or the difference

(subtraction) of both input signals is displayed, depends on

the phase relationship and the INV (invert function) setting.

XY mode:

In XY mode the deflection coefficients are displayed as

”X...” for channel I and ”Y...” for channel II, followed by

”XY”. The following READOUT information is switched off:

time deflection coefficient, trigger source, slope, coupling

and trigger point symbol.

In addition to all trigger and time base related controls, the Y-

POS/CURS.I-knob [7] is deactivated. For X-position alteration,

the X-POS.-knob [12] can be used.

The front panel shows that the DUAL MENU push button [16]

can also be depressed together with the CH II pushbutton

[19]. Please note item [19].

[17] TRIG. SOURCE – Pushbutton.

Thispushbutton is for trigger source selection and deactivated

if line (mains) triggering is selected or XY operation is chosen.

The term “trigger source” describes the source from which

the signal used for triggering originates. The measuring

amplifiers (internal triggering) or the BNC socket which

serves as an input for externally applied signals (external

triggering) can be used as a trigger source.

Single channel operation (CH I or CH II):

Briefly pressing switches the trigger source over without

displayingthePulldownmenu.Duringsinglechannel operation

the internal trigger signal (originating from channel I or

channel II) or the external trigger signal can be chosen.

DUAL and Addition mode:

Briefly pressing opens the trigger source Pulldown menu

with the actual setting highlighted. Please note “B: Menu

Display and Operation”.

The following listing shows the possible trigger sources and

how they are indicated by the READOUT. Their availability

depends on the actual channel operation mode.

„Y1“: The measurement amplifier of channel I serves as

Pulldown trigger source.

„Y2“: The measurement amplifier of channel II serves as

trigger source.

„alt“: Alternate triggering can be chosen if DUAL mode is

present. In alternate trigger mode, the switch over of the

internal trigger sources “Y1” and “Y2” is carried out

synchronously with the alternate channel switching and the

trigger point symbol is switched off.

As alternate triggering requires alternate channel operation,

alternate channel switching is set automatically. A change of

the time coefficient then has no affect regarding the channel

switching mode.

The following trigger coupling settings can not be chosen in

combination with alternate triggering: TVL,TVF and line

(mains).

If “add” (addition) or delayed time base mode (“sea”, “del”

or “dTr”) is present, alternate triggering is not available.

Therefore alternate triggering is automatically switched off if

one of these modes has been chosen.

“ext”: External trigger mode is available in all time base and

trigger coupling modes except line/mains triggering. Then

the TRIG.EXT. BNC-socket [30] serves as the external trigger

signal input. On external triggering mode, the intensity

modulation (Z), which might have been present before, is

automatically switched off.

[18] VOLTS/DIV. – Control knob for channel II with a double

function.

This control is active only if channel II is enabled and it‘s input

coupling (AC or DC) is activated. Channel II is active in CH II

(Mono), DUAL, Addition (“add”) and XY mode. The knob is

automatically disabled if the channel related to it is switched

off, or if the input coupling is set to GND (ground).

Y-deflection coefficient setting (input attenuator):

This function is available if the VAR. LED is dark.

Turning the control knob clockwise increases the sensitivity

(decreases the deflection coefficient) in a 1-2-5-sequence

and decreases the sensitivity (increases the deflection

Controls and Readout

Y-POS / CURS.I

VOLTS / DIV.

CH I CH II DEL.MODE Z-ON/OFF

Y-POS / CURS.II LEVEL X-POS.

CURSOR

POS

VOLTS / DIV.

DEL.POS.

TRIG.

SOURCE

DUAL

TIME / DIV.

20V 1mV 20V 1mV 0.5s 50ns

X-

MAG.

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

INV. VA R. VAR .

OFF

VAR .

TRIG. MODE

67 98 11 131210

15 17 19

16 24

21 22 23

x10

Subject to change without notice

coefficient) if turned in the opposite direction (ccw.). The

available range is from 1mV/div up to 20V/div.

The deflection coefficients and additional information

regarding the active channel(s) are displayed in the readout,

e.g. ”Y2: deflection coefficient, input coupling”. The ”:”

symbolizes calibrated measuring conditions and is replaced

by the ”>” symbol in uncalibrated conditions.

VAR.: The vernier (variable) function is described under item

VAR [19].

[19] CH II - VAR. – Pushbutton with several functions.

Pressing and holding this pushbutton selects the VOLTS/

DIV. [18] control knob function between attenuator and

vernier (variable). The current setting is displayed by the

VAR-LED located above the knob.

CH II mode:

Briefly pressing the CH II-button sets the instrument to

channel II (Mono CH II) mode. The deflection coefficient

displayed in the readout indicates the current conditions

(”Y2...”). If neither external nor line (mains) triggering was

active, the internal trigger source automatically switches

over to channel II and the READOUT displays “Y2, trigger

slope, trigger coupling”. The last function setting of the

VOLTS/DIV-knob [18] remains unchanged.

All channel II related controls are active if the input [28] is not

set to GND [29].

VAR.:

AfterswitchingtheVAR-LED[18]on, the deflection coefficient

is still calibrated. Turning the VOLTS/DIV.-control knob [18]

counterclockwisereducesthesignalheightandthedeflection

coefficient becomes uncalibrated.

The readout then displays e.g. ”Y2>...” indicating the

uncalibratedconditioninsteadof”Y2:...”.Pressingand holding

the CHI pushbutton again switches the LED off, sets the

deflection coefficient into calibrated condition and activates

the attenuator function. The previous vernier setting will not

be stored.

INV.:

Briefly and simultaneously pressing the CHII and the DUAL-

MENU (16) pushbutton switches the channel II invert function

on or off. The invert ”on” condition is indicated by the

readout with a horizontal bar above ”Y2” (Yt mode). The

invert function causes the signal display of channel II to be

inverted by 180°.

[20] TRIG. MODE – Pushbuttons.

Pressing one of these pushbuttons opens the trigger coupling

Pulldown menu with the actual setting highlighted. Briefly

pressing a pushbutton selects the trigger coupling. Please

note “B: Menu Display and Operation”.

The term “trigger coupling” describes the way the trigger

signal is connected to the trigger unit.

AC: DC content suppressed,

DC: peak value detection inactive,

HF: high pass filter cuts off frequencies below

approx. 50 kHz, trigger point symbol switched off

LF: low pass filter cuts off frequencies above

approx. 1.5 kHz,

TVL: TV signal, line pulse triggering,

trigger point symbol switched off,

TVF: TV signal, frame pulse triggering,

trigger point symbol switched off.

~: line/mains triggering,

trigger point symbol switched off.

Line/mains triggering inactivates the TRIG. SOURCE-push-

button [17].

In some trigger modes such as alternate triggering, some

trigger coupling modes are automatically disabled and can

not be selected.

[21] DEL.POS. HO LED – Control knob with double function and

related HO LED.

The DEL.POS. -knob has two functions which depend on the

actual time base mode.

1. DEL.POS. (delay position).

In the delay time base modes “sea” (search), “del”(delay)

and “dTr” (triggered after delay) a delay time between the

trigger event and the start of the trace can be set with the

DEL.POS. control.

See DEL.MODE [23].

2. HO (holdoff time).

The holdoff time function can be activated if normal

(undelayed) time base mode is present. On condition that the

HO LED is not lit the holdoff time is set to minimum. The HO

LED lights up and the holdoff time increases as the knob is

rotated clockwise. A signal sounds on reaching the maximum

holdoff time. Similarly in the opposite direction until minimum

holdoff time is reached (HO LED extinguishes).

The holdoff time is automatically set to minimum when the

time base is changed. (For the application of holdoff time

setting see the paragraph with the same heading).

[22] TIME/DIV. – Control knob with a double function.

This control can be used for time coefficient selection in 1-2-

5-sequence under calibrated condition when the VAR LED is

not lit or as a vernier (variable) control (VAR LED lit).

Time coefficient setting:

In undelayed, delayed (“del”) and as delayed triggered (“dTr”)

time base mode, this control serves as a time deflection

coefficient selector. Rotating anticlockwise increases the

deflection coefficient and rotating clockwise decreases the

coefficient. The setting is displayed at the top left in the

Controls and Readout

Y-POS / CURS.I

VOLTS / DIV.

CH I CH II DEL.MODE Z-ON/OFF

Y-POS / CURS.II LEVEL X-POS.

CURSOR

POS

VOLTS / DIV.

DEL.POS.

TRIG.

SOURCE

DUAL

TIME / DIV.

20V 1mV 20V 1mV 0.5s 50ns

X-

MAG.

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

INV. VA R. VAR .

OFF

VAR .

TRIG. MODE

67 98 11 131210

15 17 19

16 24

21 22 23

x10

Subject to change without notice

Readout (e.g. “10 µs”). Depending on the time base mode

the following ranges are available without taking X x10 into

account.

1st Undelayed: 500 ms/div – 50 ns/div.

The following (principle) values depend on the time base

setting in undelayed mode, as the undelayed time base

always has to have the higher coefficient.

2nd Search (“sea”): 20 ms/div – 100 ns/div.

3rd Delay (“del”): 20 ms/div. – 50 ns/div.

4th Triggered after delay (“dTr): 20 ms/div – 50 ns/div.

VAR.:

The vernier (variable) function is described under item Z ON/

OFF VAR [24].

[23] DEL.MODE ON/OFF –Pushbutton with two functions.

ON/OFF function:

Pressing and holding this pushbutton switches over between

delayed and undelayed time base mode. The actual setting is

indicated by the READOUT. The delayed time base operation

enables a magnified display in X direction which is otherwise

only possible with a second time base.

a) Undelayed time base mode.

If on the right of the trigger READOUT information (source,

slope, coupling) neither “sea”, “del” nor “dTr” is indicated,

undelayed time base mode is present.

Note: When the intensity modulation function is switched

on, the letter “Z” is visible in this position on the screen.

b) Delayed time base mode.

Is indicated by the READOUT showing “sea”, “del” or

“dTr”. If intensity modulation was chosen before switching

over to delay time base mode, this function is automatically

switched off and consequently the letter “Z” deleted.

Switching over from undelayed to delayed time base mode

automatically selects “sea” (search) mode. Briefly pressing

the pushbutton then opens a Pulldown menu for operating

mode selection. Please note “B: Menu Display and Opera-

tion”.

The following description assumes that in undelayed time

base mode the trace starts at left edge of the graticule, with

x10 X MAG. switched off.

Functions

“sea”:

In SEARCH mode, the holdoff time is automatically set to

minimum and for the first few divisions the trace is blanked.

The point at which the trace is unblanked can be varied with

the DEL.POS [21] control (fine adjustment) from about 2 to

7 divisions. The blanked section serves as a guide to the

delay time. The delay time is based on the current time

deflection coefficient setting and can also be coarsely set

with the TIME/DIV control (range: 20 ms to 100 ns).

The signal position at which the unblanking occurs marks the

trace start position which is present after switching over

from “sea” to “del”. This enables lower time deflection

coefficient settings for signal expansion.

“del”:

In DELAY mode, a trigger event does not start the trace at

once but only initiates the delay time. After the delay time has

elapsed the trace is started. Selecting lower time deflection

coefficients(highertimebase speed) cause a signal expansion

in X direction.

The DEL.POS [21] control can still be used for correcting the

signal start position affected by the TIME/DIV setting.

Note: With higher expansion rates the trace intensity may

reduce drastically.

“dTr”:

In triggered DELAY mode the first trigger unit, used for

triggering in undelayed time base mode, starts the delay time

as in “del” mode. After the delay time has elapsed the delay

time base must be triggered by the second trigger unit, to

start and unblank the trace. The latter requires suited

instrument settings (LEVEL, SLOPE) to enable triggering.

Note: The trigger indicator LED (TR) [10] only indicates the

trigger condition of the first trigger unit. It may be lit although

the trigger conditions for the second time base are not met

and the trace remains blanked.

As in “del” mode the DEL.POS [21] control can still be used.

In contrast to complex signals the effect of this function may

not be noticed with simple repetitive signals as the trigger

point ‘hops’ from cycle to cycle, each being the same.

[24] Z ON/OFF VAR. – Pushbutton with two functions.

Z ON/OFF:

Briefly pressing the pushbutton switches over the function

of the TRIG.EXT. BNC-socket [30] from external trigger input

to intensity modulation input and vice versa. In connection

with external triggering, delay time base (“sea”, “del” or

“dTr”) and “Component Tester” mode, Z modulation can not

be enabled.

Z modulation is shown on the READOUT to the right of

“trigger source, slope and coupling” indicated by the letter

“Z”. High TTL level (positive logic) gives blanking, dark, low

level gives unblanking, bright. No higher voltages than +5

Volt are permitted.

VAR.:

Pressing and holding the button changes the function of the

TIME/DIV. -knob [22] from time deflection coefficient switch

to time vernier (fine adjustment) control and vice versa.

Controls and Readout

Y-POS / CURS.I

VOLTS / DIV.

CH I CH II DEL.MODE Z-ON/OFF

Y-POS / CURS.II LEVEL X-POS.

CURSOR

POS

VOLTS / DIV.

DEL.POS.

TRIG.

SOURCE

DUAL

TIME / DIV.

20V 1mV 20V 1mV 0.5s 50ns

X-

MAG.

PUSH

BOTH

PUSH

LONG

INV. VA R. VAR .

OFF

VAR .

TRIG. MODE

67 98 11 131210

15 17 19

16 24

21 22 23

x10

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