HEIDENHAIN TNC 426 B User manual

User's Manual
HEIDENHAIN
Conversational
Programming
7/99
TNC 426 B
TNC 430
NC Software
280 472 xx
280 473 xx
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Controls on the visual display unit
Split screen layout
Switch between machining or
programming modes
Soft keys for selecting functions
in screen
Switching the soft-key rows
Changing the screen settings
(only BC 120)
Typewriter keyboard for entering letters and
symbols
Q W E RT
Y
File name
Comments
G
F S T M
ISO programs
Machine operating modes
MANUAL OPERATION
ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL Operating Modes
POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT
(MDI)
PROGRAM RUN, SINGLE BLOCK
PROGRAM RUN, FULL SEQUENCE
Programming modes
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
TEST RUN
Program/file management,TNC functions
PGM
MGT
Select or delete programs and files
External data transfer
PGM
CALL Enter program call in a program
MOD
MOD functions
HELP
Displaying help texts for NC error messages
CALC
Pocket calculator
Moving the cursor, going directly to blocks, cycles
and parameter functions
Move highlight
GOTO
Go directly to blocks, cycles and parameter
functions
Override control knobs for feed rate/spindle speed
Programming path movements
APPR
DEP
Approach/depart contour
FK free contour programming
L
Straight line
CC
Circle center/pole for polar coordinates
C
Circle with center
CR
Circle with radius
CT
Circular arc with tangential connection
CHF
Chamfer
RND
Corner rounding
Tool functions
TOOL
DEF
TOOL
CALL Enter or call tool length and radius
Cycles, subprograms and program section
repeats
CYCL
DEF
CYCL
CALL Define and call cycles
LBL
SET
LBL
CALL
Enter and call labels for
subprogramming and program
section repeats
STOP
Program stop in a program
TOUCH
PROBE Enter touch probe functions in a program
Coordinate axes and numbers, editing
X
... VSelect coordinate axes or enter
them in a program
0
...
9
Numbers
Decimal point
+/
Change arithmetic sign
P
Polar coordinates
Incremental dimensions
Q
Q parameters
Capture actual position
NO
ENT
Skip dialog questions, delete words
ENT
Confirm entry and resume
dialog
END
End block
CE
Clear numerical entry or TNC error
message
DEL
Abort dialog, delete program section
Controls on the TNC
1 50
0
50
100
S %
1 50
0
50
100
F %
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Contents
IHEIDENHAIN TNC 426 B, TNC 430
TNC Models, Software and
Features
This manual describes functions and features provided by
the TNCs as of the following NC software numbers.
TNC Model NC Software No.
TNC 426 CB, TNC 426 PB 280 472 xx
TNC 426 CF, TNC 426 PF 280 473 xx
TNC 430 CA, TNC 430 PA 280 472 xx
TNC 430 CE, TNC 430 PE 280 473 xx
The suffixes E and F indicate the export versions of the TNC
which have the following limitations:
■Linear movement is possible in no more than 4 axes
simultaneously
The machine tool builder adapts the useable features of the
TNC to his machine by setting machine parameters. Some
of the functions described in this manual may not be
among the features provided by your machine tool.
TNC functions that may not be available on your machine
include:
■Probing function for the 3-D touch probe
■Digitizing option
■Tool measurement with the TT 120
■Rigid tapping
■Returning to the contour after an interruption
Please contact your machine tool builder to become familiar
with the individual implementation of the control on your
machine.
Many machine manufacturers, as well as HEIDENHAIN,
offer programming courses for the TNCs. We recommend
these courses as an effective way of improving your
programming skill and sharing information and ideas with
other TNC users.
User's Manual -Touch Probe Cycles
All of the touch probe functions are described in a separate
manual. Please contact HEIDENHAIN if you require a copy
of this User's Manual. Id. Nr.: 329 203 xx.
Location of use
The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in
accordance with the specifications in EN 55022, and is
intended for use primarily in industrially-zoned areas.
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Contents
IIIHEIDENHAIN TNC 426 B, TNC 430
Introduction
Manual Operation and Setup
Programming:Tools
Contents
Programming: Fundamentals of NC,
File Management, ProgrammingAids
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)
Programming: Programming Contours
Programming: Miscellaneous Functions
Programming: Cycles
Programming: Subprograms and
Program Section Repeats
Programming: Q Parameters
Test Run and Program Run
MOD Functions
Tables and Overviews
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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Contents
Contents
IV
1 INTRODUCTION ..... 1
1.1TheTNC 426 B, theTNC 430 ..... 2
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard ..... 3
1.3 Modes of Operation ..... 5
1.4 Status Displays ..... 7
1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-DTouch Probes and Electronic Handwheels ..... 11
2 MANUAL OPERATION AND SETUP ..... 13
2.1 Switch-on, Switch-off ..... 14
2.2 Moving the MachineAxes ..... 15
2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M ..... 17
2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-DTouch Probe) ..... 18
2.5 Tilting theWorking Plane ..... 19
3 POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT (MDI) ..... 23
3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations ..... 24
4 PROGRAMMING: FUNDAMENTALS OF NC, FILE MANAGEMENT,
PROGRAMMING AIDS, PALLET MANAGEMENT ..... 27
4.1 Fundamentals of NC ..... 28
4.2 File Management: Fundamentals ..... 33
4.3 Standard File Management ..... 34
4.4 File Management withAdditional Functions ..... 40
4.5 Creating andWriting Programs ..... 53
4.6 Interactive Programming Graphics ..... 57
4.7 Structuring Programs ..... 58
4.8 Adding Comments ..... 59
4.9 CreatingText Files ..... 60
4.10 Integrated Pocket Calculator ..... 63
4.11 HELP for NC error messages ..... 64
4.12 Managing PalletTables ..... 65
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Contents
VHEIDENHAIN TNC 426 B, TNC 430
5 PROGRAMMING: TOOLS ..... 67
5.1 EnteringTool-Related Data ..... 68
5.2 Tool Data ..... 69
5.3 Tool Compensation ..... 78
5.4 Three-DimensionalTool Compensation ..... 82
5.5 Working with Cutting DataTables ..... 84
6 PROGRAMMING: PROGRAMMING CONTOURS ..... 91
6.1 Overview ofTool Movements ..... 92
6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions ..... 93
6.3 ContourApproach and Departure ..... 96
Overview:Types of paths for contour approach and departure ..... 96
Important positions for approach and departure ..... 96
Approaching on a straight line with tangential connection:APPR LT ..... 97
Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to the first contour point:APPR LN ..... 98
Approaching on a circular arc with tangential connection:APPR CT ..... 98
Approaching on a circular arc with tangential connection from a straight line to the contour:
APPR LCT ..... 99
Departing tangentially on a straight line: DEP LT ..... 100
Departing on a straight line perpendicular to the last contour point: DEP LN ..... 100
Departing tangentially on a circular arc: DEP CT ..... 101
Departing on a circular arc tangentially connecting the contour and a straight line: DEP LCT ..... 101
6.4 Path Contours — Cartesian Coordinates ..... 102
Overview of path functions ..... 102
Straight line L ..... 103
Inserting a chamfer CHF between two straight lines ..... 103
Circle center CC ..... 104
Circular path C around circle center CC ..... 105
Circular path CR with defined radius ..... 106
Circular path CT with tangential connection ..... 107
Corner Rounding RND ..... 108
Example: Linear movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates ..... 109
Example: Circular movements with Cartesian coordinates ..... 110
Example: Full circle with Cartesian coordinates ..... 111
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Contents
Contents
VI
6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates ..... 112
Polar coordinate origin: Pole CC ..... 112
Straight line LP ..... 113
Circular path CP around pole CC ..... 113
Circular path CTP with tangential connection ..... 114
Helical interpolation ..... 114
Example: Linear movement with polar coordinates ..... 116
Example: Helix ..... 117
6.6 Path Contours — FK Free Contour Programming ..... 118
Fundamentals ..... 118
Graphics during FK programming ..... 118
Initiating the FK dialog ..... 119
Free programming of straight lines ..... 120
Free programming of circular arcs ..... 120
Auxiliary points ..... 122
Relative data ..... 123
Closed contours ..... 125
Converting FK programs ..... 125
Example: FK programming 1 ..... 126
Example: FK programming 2 ..... 127
Example: FK programming 3 ..... 128
6.7 Path Contours - Spline Interpolation ..... 130
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Contents
VIIHEIDENHAIN TNC 426 B, TNC 430
7 PROGRAMMING: MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS ..... 133
7.1 Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP ..... 134
7.2 Miscellaneous Functions for Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant ..... 135
7.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Coordinate Data ..... 135
7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior ..... 138
Smoothing corners: M90 ..... 138
Insert rounding arc between straight lines: M112 ..... 139
Machining small contour steps: M97 ..... 139
Machining open contours: M98 ..... 140
Feed rate factor for plunging movements: M103 ..... 141
Feed rate at circular arcs: M109/M110/M111 ..... 142
Calculating the radius-compensated path in advance (LOOKAHEAD): M120 ..... 142
Superimposing handwheel positioning during program run: M118 ..... 143
7.5 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes ..... 144
Feed rate in mm/min on rotary axesA, B, C: M116 ..... 144
Shorter-path traverse of rotary axes: M126 ..... 144
Reducing display of a rotary axis to a value less than 360°: M94 ..... 145
Automatic compensation of machine geometry when working with tilted axes: M114 ..... 146
Maintaining the position of the tool tip when positioning with tilted axes (TCPM*): M128 ..... 147
Exact stop at corners with nontangential transitions: M134 ..... 148
7.6 Miscellaneous Functions for Laser Cutting Machines ..... 149
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Contents
Contents
VIII
PROGRAMMING: CYCLES ..... 151
8.1 General Information on Cycles ..... 152
8.2 Drilling Cycles ..... 154
PECKING (Cycle 1) ..... 154
DRILLING (Cycle 200) ..... 156
REAMING (Cycle 201) ..... 157
BORING (Cycle 202) ..... 158
UNIVERSAL DRILLING (Cycle 203) ..... 159
BACK BORING (Cycle 204) ..... 161
TAPPING with a floating tap holder (Cycle 2) ..... 163
RIGIDTAPPING (Cycle 17) ..... 164
THREAD CUTTING (Cycle 18) ..... 165
Example: Drilling cycles ..... 166
Example: Drilling cycles ..... 167
8.3 Cycles for milling pockets, studs and slots ..... 168
POCKET MILLING (Cycle 4) ..... 169
POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 212) ..... 170
STUD FINISHING (Cycle 213) ..... 172
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING (Cycle 5) ..... 173
CIRCULAR POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 214) ..... 175
CIRCULAR STUD FINISHING (Cycle 215) ..... 176
SLOT MILLING (Cycle 3) ..... 178
SLOT with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 210) ..... 179
CIRCULAR SLOT with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 211) ..... 181
Example: Milling pockets, studs and slots ..... 183
8.4 Cycles for Machining Hole Patterns ..... 185
CIRCULAR PATTERN (Cycle 220) ..... 186
LINEAR PATTERN (Cycle 221) ..... 187
Example: Circular hole patterns ..... 189
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Contents
IXHEIDENHAIN TNC 426 B, TNC 430
8.5 SL Cycles ..... 191
CONTOUR GEOMETRY (Cycle 14) ..... 193
Overlapping contours ..... 193
CONTOUR DATA (Cycle 20) ..... 195
PILOT DRILLING (Cycle 21) ..... 197
ROUGH-OUT (Cycle 22) ..... 198
FLOOR FINISHING (Cycle 23) ..... 199
SIDE FINISHING (Cycle 24) ..... 199
CONTOURTRAIN (Cycle 25) ..... 200
CYLINDER SURFACE (Cycle 27) ..... 202
Example: Roughing-out and fine-roughing a pocket ..... 205
Example: Pilot drilling, roughing-out and finishing overlapping contours ..... 206
Example: Contour train ..... 208
Example: Cylinder surface ..... 210
8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling ..... 212
RUN DIGITIZED DATA (Cycle 30) ..... 212
MULTIPASS MILLING (Cycle 230) ..... 214
RULED SURFACE (Cycle 231) ..... 216
Example: Multipass milling ..... 219
8.7 CoordinateTransformation Cycles ..... 219
DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7) ..... 220
DATUM SHIFT with datum tables (Cycle 7) ..... 221
MIRROR IMAGE (Cycle 8) ..... 224
ROTATION (Cycle 10) ..... 225
SCALING FACTOR (Cycle 11) ..... 226
AXIS-SPECIFIC SCALING (Cycle 26) ..... 227
WORKING PLANE (Cycle 19) ..... 228
Example: Coordinate transformation cycles ..... 233
8.8 Special Cycles ..... 235
DWELLTIME (Cycle 9) ..... 235
PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12) ..... 235
ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP (Cycle 13) ..... 236
TOLERANCE (Cycle 32) ..... 237
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Contents
Contents
X
9 PROGRAMMING: SUBPROGRAMS AND PROGRAM SECTION REPEATS ..... 239
9.1 Marking Subprograms and Program Section Repeats ..... 240
9.2 Subprograms ..... 240
9.3 Program Section Repeats ..... 241
9.4 Program as Subprogram ..... 242
9.5 Nesting ..... 243
Subprogram within a subprogram ..... 243
Repeating program section repeats ..... 244
Repeating a subprogram ..... 245
9.6 Programming Examples ..... 246
Example: Milling a contour in several infeeds ..... 246
Example: Groups of holes ..... 247
Example: Groups of holes with several tools ..... 248
10 PROGRAMMING: Q PARAMETERS ..... 251
10.1 Principle and Overview ..... 252
10.2 Part Families — Q Parameters in Place of NumericalValues ..... 254
10.3 Describing ContoursThrough Mathematical Functions ..... 255
10.4 Trigonometric Functions ..... 257
10.5 Calculating Circles ..... 258
10.6 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters ..... 259
10.7 Checking and Changing Q Parameters ..... 260
10.8 Additional Functions ..... 261
10.9 Entering Formulas Directly ..... 270
10.10 Preassigned Q Parameters ..... 273
10.11 Programming Examples ..... 276
Example: Ellipse ..... 276
Example: Concave cylinder machined with spherical cutter ..... 278
Example: Convex sphere machined with end mill ..... 280
11 TEST RUN AND PROGRAM RUN ..... 283
11.1 Graphics ..... 284
11.2 Functions for Program Display in Program Run andTest Run ..... 289
11.3 Test run ..... 289
11.4 Program Run ..... 291
11.5 Optional block skip ..... 296
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Contents
XIHEIDENHAIN TNC 426 B, TNC 430
12 MOD FUNCTIONS ..... 297
12.1 Selecting, Changing and Exiting the MOD Functions ..... 298
12.2 Software Numbers and Option Numbers ..... 299
12.3 Code Number ..... 299
12.4 Setting the Data Interfaces ..... 300
12.5 Ethernet Interface ..... 304
12.6 Configuring PGM MGT ..... 311
12.7 Machine-Specific User Parameters ..... 311
12.8 Showing theWorkpiece in theWorking Space ..... 311
12.9 Position DisplayTypes ..... 313
12.10Unit of Measurement ..... 313
12.11 Programming Language for $MDI ..... 314
12.12 Selecting the Axes for Generating L Blocks ..... 314
12.13 AxisTraverse Limits, Datum Display ..... 314
12.14 Displaying HELP files ..... 315
12.15 MachiningTimes ..... 316
13 TABLES AND OVERVIEWS ..... 317
13.1 General User Parameters ..... 318
13.2 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interfaces ..... 333
13.3Technical Information ..... 337
13.4 Exchanging the Buffer Battery ..... 340
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Introduction
1
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2
1.1 The TNC 426 B, the TNC 430
HEIDENHAIN TNC controls are workshop-oriented contouring
controls that enable you to program conventional machining
operations right at the machine in an easy-to-use conversational
programming language. They are designed for milling, drilling and
boring machines, as well as for machining centers. The TNC 426 B
can control up to 5 axes; the TNC 430 can control up to 9 axes. You
can also change the angular position of the spindle under program
control.
An integrated hard disk provides storage for as many programs as
you like, even if they were created off-line or by digitizing. For quick
calculations you can call up the on-screen pocket calculator at any
time.
Keyboard and screen layout are clearly arranged in a such way that
the functions are fast and easy to use.
Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational and ISO formats
HEIDENHAIN conversational programming is an especially easy
method of writing programs. Interactive graphics illustrate the
individual machining steps for programming the contour. If a
production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, the HEIDENHAIN
FK free contour programming carries out the necessary calculations
automatically. Workpiece machining can be graphically simulated
either during or before actual machining. It is also possible to
program in ISO format or DNC mode.
You can also enter and test one program while the TNC is running
another.
Compatibility
The TNC can execute all part programs that were written on
HEIDENHAIN controls TNC 150 B and later.
The TNC 426 B, the TNC 430
1 Introduction
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3HEIDENHAIN TNC 426 B, TNC 430
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
Visual display unit
The TNC is available with either a color CRT screen (BC 120) or a
TFT flat panel display (BF 120. The figures at right show the keys
and controls on the BC 120 (upper right) and the BF 120 (middle
right).
Header
When the TNC is on, the selected operating modes are shown
in the screen header: the machining mode at the left and the
programming mode at right. The currently active mode is
displayed in the larger box, where the dialog prompts and TNC
messages also appear (unless the TNC is showing only
graphics).
Soft keys
In the footer the TNC indicates additional functions in a soft-key
row. You can select these functions by pressing the keys
immediately below them . The lines immediately above the
soft-key row indicate the number of soft-key rows that can be
called with the black arrow keys to the right and left. The line
representing the active soft-key row is highlighted.
Soft key selector keys
Switching the soft-key rows
Setting the screen layout
Shift key for switchover between machining and programming
modes
Keys on BC 120 only
Screen demagnetization;
Exit main menu for screen settings
Select main menu for screen settings;
In the main menu: Move highlight downward
In the submenu: Reduce value
Move picture to the left or downward
In the main menu: Move highlight upward
In the submenu: Increase value
Move picture to the right or upward
10
In the main menu: Select submenu
In the submenu: Exit submenu
See next page for the screen settings.
10
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
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4
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
1 Introduction
Main menu dialog Function
BRIGHTNESS Adjust brightness
CONTRAST Adjust contrast
H-POSITION Adjust horizontal position
H-SIZE Adjust picture width
V-POSITION Adjust vertical position
V-SIZE Adjust picture height
SIDE-PIN Correct barrel-shaped distortion
TRAPEZOID Correct trapezoidal distortion
ROTATION Correct tilting
COLORTEMP Adjust color temperature
R-GAIN Adjust strength of red color
B-GAIN Adjust strength of blue color
RECALL No function
The BC 120 is sensitive to magnetic and electromagnetic noise,
which can distort the position and geometry of the picture.
Alternating fields can cause the picture to shift periodically or to
become distorted.
Screen layout
You select the screen layout yourself: In the PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING mode of operation, for example, you can have the TNC
show program blocks in the left window while the right window
displays programming graphics. You could also display the program
structure in the right window instead, or display only program
blocks in one large window. The available screen windows depend
on the selected operating mode.
To change the screen layout:
Press the switch-over key: The soft-key row
shows the available layout options (see section
1.3 ”Modes of Operation”).
<
Select the desired screen layout.
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