HEIDENHAIN TNC 620 User manual

TNC620
User'sManual
KlartextProgramming
NC Software
817600-16
817601-16
817605-16
English (en)
01/2022

Controls and displays
Controls and displays
Keys
If you are using a TNC620 with touch control, you can
replace some keystrokes with gestures.
Further information: "Operating the touchscreen",
Page 535
Keys on the screen
Key Function
Select screen layout
Toggle the display between machine
operating mode, programming
mode, and a third desktop
Soft keys for selecting functions on
screen
Switch the soft-key rows
Machine operating modes
Key Function
Manual operation
Electronic handwheel
Positioning with Manual Data Input
Program Run, Single Block
Program Run, Full Sequence
Programming modes
Key Function
Programming
Test Run
Entering and editing coordinate
axes and numbers
Key Function
. . .
Select the coordinate axes or enter
them in the NC program
. . .
Numbers
Decimal separator / Reverse
algebraic sign
Polar coordinate entry /
Incremental values
Q parameter programming /
Q parameter status
Capture actual position
NO
ENT
Skip dialog questions, delete words
Confirm entry and resume dialog
Conclude the NC block, end your
input
Clear entries or error message
Abort dialog, delete program section
Tool functions
Key Function
Define tool data in the NC program
Call tool data
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Controls and displays
Managing NC programs and files,
control functions
Key Function
Select or delete NC programs or
files, external data transfer
Define program call, select datum
and point tables
Select MOD functions
Display help text for NC error
messages, call TNCguide
Display all current error messages
Show calculator
Show special functions
Currently not assigned
Navigation keys
Key Function
Position the cursor
Go directly to NC blocks, cycles, and
parameter functions
Navigate to the beginning of a
program or table
Navigate to the end of the program
or table row
Navigate up one page
Navigate down one page
Select the next tab in forms
Up/down one dialog box or button
Cycles, subprograms and
program section repeats
Key Function
Define touch probe cycles
Define and call cycles
Enter and call subprograms and
program section repeats
Enter program stop in an
NC program
Programming path contours
Key Function
Contour approach and departure
FK free contour programming
Straight line
Circle center/pole for polar coordi-
nates
Circular arc with center
Circular arc with radius
Circular arc with tangential transition
Chamfer/rounding arc
Potentiometer for feed rate
and spindle speed
Feed rate Spindle speed
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Contents
4HEIDENHAIN | TNC620 | Klartext Programming User's Manual | 01/2022

Contents
Contents
1 Basic information........................................................................................................................31
2 First steps...................................................................................................................................49
3 Fundamentals............................................................................................................................. 65
4 Tools.........................................................................................................................................121
5 Programming contours............................................................................................................. 137
6 Programming aids.................................................................................................................... 191
7 Miscellaneous functions........................................................................................................... 223
8 Subprograms and program section repeats.............................................................................. 243
9 Programming Q parameters......................................................................................................267
10 Special functions...................................................................................................................... 359
11 Multiple-axis machining............................................................................................................429
12 Data transfer from CAD files.....................................................................................................493
13 Pallets.......................................................................................................................................517
14 Operating the touchscreen........................................................................................................535
15 Tables and overviews............................................................................................................... 549
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Contents
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Contents
1 Basic information........................................................................................................................31
1.1 About this manual............................................................................................................................ 32
1.2 Control model, software and features.............................................................................................. 34
Software options...........................................................................................................................................................36
New functions 81760x-16...........................................................................................................................................40
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Contents
2 First steps...................................................................................................................................49
2.1 Overview...........................................................................................................................................50
2.2 Switching on the machine................................................................................................................ 51
Acknowledging the power interruption.................................................................................................................... 51
2.3 Programming the first part...............................................................................................................52
Selecting the operating mode....................................................................................................................................52
Important controls and displays............................................................................................................................... 52
Creating a new NC program / file management................................................................................................... 53
Defining a workpiece blank........................................................................................................................................ 54
Program layout..............................................................................................................................................................55
Programming a simple contour................................................................................................................................ 56
Creating a cycle program........................................................................................................................................... 61
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Contents
3 Fundamentals............................................................................................................................. 65
3.1 The TNC 620....................................................................................................................................66
HEIDENHAIN Klartext and ISO...................................................................................................................................66
Compatibility.................................................................................................................................................................. 66
3.2 Visual display unit and operating panel............................................................................................67
Display screen............................................................................................................................................................... 67
Setting the screen layout............................................................................................................................................68
Operating panel............................................................................................................................................................. 69
Screen keypad............................................................................................................................................................... 72
3.3 Modes of operation.......................................................................................................................... 73
Manual Operation and El. Handwheel......................................................................................................................73
Positioning with Manual Data Input......................................................................................................................... 73
Programming................................................................................................................................................................. 74
Test Run..........................................................................................................................................................................74
Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block............................................................................75
3.4 NC fundamentals..............................................................................................................................76
Position encoders and reference marks................................................................................................................. 76
Programmable axes.....................................................................................................................................................76
Reference systems.......................................................................................................................................................77
Designation of the axes on milling machines........................................................................................................87
Polar coordinates..........................................................................................................................................................87
Absolute and incremental workpiece positions..................................................................................................... 88
Selecting the preset..................................................................................................................................................... 89
3.5 Creating and entering NC programs................................................................................................. 90
Structure of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN Klartext......................................................................................... 90
Defining the workpiece blank: BLK FORM...............................................................................................................91
Creating a new NC program...................................................................................................................................... 94
Programming tool movements in Klartext..............................................................................................................96
Actual position capture............................................................................................................................................... 98
Editing an NC program................................................................................................................................................99
The control's search function..................................................................................................................................103
3.6 File management............................................................................................................................105
Files................................................................................................................................................................................105
Displaying externally generated files on the control...........................................................................................107
Directories.................................................................................................................................................................... 107
Paths..............................................................................................................................................................................107
Overview: Functions of the file manager.............................................................................................................. 108
Calling the File Manager...........................................................................................................................................109
Selecting drives, directories and files.................................................................................................................... 110
Creating a new directory...........................................................................................................................................112
Creating new file.........................................................................................................................................................112
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Contents
Copying a single file.................................................................................................................................................. 112
Copying files into another directory....................................................................................................................... 113
Copying a table........................................................................................................................................................... 114
Copying a directory.................................................................................................................................................... 115
Choosing one of the last files selected.................................................................................................................115
Deleting a file...............................................................................................................................................................116
Deleting a directory.................................................................................................................................................... 116
Tagging files................................................................................................................................................................ 117
Renaming a file........................................................................................................................................................... 118
Sorting files..................................................................................................................................................................118
Additional functions................................................................................................................................................... 119
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Contents
4 Tools.........................................................................................................................................121
4.1 Entering tool-related data...............................................................................................................122
Feed rate F...................................................................................................................................................................122
Spindle speed S.......................................................................................................................................................... 123
4.2 Tool data........................................................................................................................................124
Requirements for tool compensation.................................................................................................................... 124
Tool number, tool name........................................................................................................................................... 124
Tool length L................................................................................................................................................................124
Tool radius R............................................................................................................................................................... 126
Delta values for lengths and radii...........................................................................................................................126
Entering tool data into the NC program................................................................................................................127
Calling the tool data...................................................................................................................................................128
Tool change................................................................................................................................................................. 130
4.3 Tool compensation.........................................................................................................................133
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................133
Tool length compensation........................................................................................................................................133
Tool radius compensation........................................................................................................................................134
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Contents
5 Programming contours............................................................................................................. 137
5.1 Tool movements.............................................................................................................................138
Path functions.............................................................................................................................................................138
FK free contour programming (option 19)........................................................................................................... 138
Miscellaneous functions M...................................................................................................................................... 138
Subprograms and program section repeats........................................................................................................ 139
Programming with Q parameters...........................................................................................................................139
5.2 Fundamentals of path functions.....................................................................................................140
Programming tool movements for machining.................................................................................................... 140
5.3 Approaching and departing a contour............................................................................................ 144
Starting point and end point....................................................................................................................................144
Overview: Types of paths for contour approach and departure...................................................................... 146
Important positions for approach and departure................................................................................................147
Approaching on a straight line with tangential connection: APPR LT.............................................................149
Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to the first contour point: APPR LN...................................... 149
Approaching on a circular path with tangential connection: APPR CT...........................................................150
Approaching on a circular path with tangential connection from a straight line to the contour:
APPR LCT..................................................................................................................................................................... 151
Departing in a straight line with tangential connection: DEP LT......................................................................152
Departing in a straight line perpendicular to the last contour point: DEP LN................................................ 152
Departing on a circular path with tangential connection: DEP CT...................................................................153
Departing on a circular arc tangentially connecting the contour and a straight line: DEP LCT.................. 153
5.4 Path contours — Cartesian coordinates..........................................................................................154
Overview of path functions...................................................................................................................................... 154
Straight line L.............................................................................................................................................................. 155
Inserting a chamfer between two straight lines..................................................................................................156
Rounded corners RND...............................................................................................................................................157
Circle center CC.......................................................................................................................................................... 158
Circular arc C around circle center CC..................................................................................................................159
Circular arc CR with fixed radius............................................................................................................................ 161
Circular arc CT with tangential transition............................................................................................................. 163
Superimposing a linear motion on a circular contour........................................................................................164
Example: Linear movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates.......................................................165
Example: Circular movements with Cartesian coordinates.............................................................................. 166
Example: Full circle with Cartesian coordinates..................................................................................................167
5.5 Path contours – Polar coordinates.................................................................................................168
Overview....................................................................................................................................................................... 168
Datum for polar coordinates: pole CC...................................................................................................................169
Straight line LP............................................................................................................................................................169
Circular path CP around pole CC............................................................................................................................170
Circle CTP with tangential connection.................................................................................................................. 170
Helix............................................................................................................................................................................... 171
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Contents
Example: Linear movement with polar coordinates........................................................................................... 173
Example: Helix.............................................................................................................................................................174
5.6 Path contours – FK free contour programming (option 19)............................................................ 175
Fundamentals..............................................................................................................................................................175
Defining the working plane.......................................................................................................................................176
FK programming graphics....................................................................................................................................... 177
Initiating the FK dialog.............................................................................................................................................. 178
Pole for FK programming.........................................................................................................................................178
Free straight line programming...............................................................................................................................179
Free circular path programming............................................................................................................................. 180
Input possibilities........................................................................................................................................................181
Auxiliary points............................................................................................................................................................184
Relative data................................................................................................................................................................ 185
Example: FK programming 1...................................................................................................................................187
Example: FK programming 2...................................................................................................................................188
Example: FK programming 3...................................................................................................................................189
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Contents
6 Programming aids.................................................................................................................... 191
6.1 GOTO function................................................................................................................................192
Using the GOTO key.................................................................................................................................................. 192
6.2 Screen keypad................................................................................................................................193
Entering text with the screen keypad.................................................................................................................... 193
6.3 Display of NC programs................................................................................................................. 194
Syntax highlighting.....................................................................................................................................................194
Scrollbar........................................................................................................................................................................194
6.4 Adding comments.......................................................................................................................... 195
Application....................................................................................................................................................................195
Entering comments during programming............................................................................................................ 195
Inserting comments after program entry............................................................................................................. 195
Entering a comment in a separate NC block....................................................................................................... 195
Commenting out an existing NC block................................................................................................................. 195
Functions for editing a comment........................................................................................................................... 196
6.5 Freely editing an NC program........................................................................................................ 197
6.6 Skipping NC blocks........................................................................................................................ 198
Insert a slash (/)......................................................................................................................................................... 198
Delete the slash (/).................................................................................................................................................... 198
6.7 Structuring NC programs............................................................................................................... 199
Definition and applications.......................................................................................................................................199
Displaying the program structure window / Changing the active window.................................................... 199
Inserting a structure block in the program window............................................................................................200
Selecting blocks in the program structure window............................................................................................ 200
6.8 Calculator....................................................................................................................................... 201
Operation...................................................................................................................................................................... 201
6.9 Cutting data calculator................................................................................................................... 203
Application....................................................................................................................................................................203
Working with cutting data tables............................................................................................................................204
6.10 Programming graphics................................................................................................................... 207
Activating and deactivating programming graphics...........................................................................................207
Generating a graphic for an existing NC program.............................................................................................. 208
Block number display ON/OFF................................................................................................................................208
Erasing the graphic.................................................................................................................................................... 208
Showing grid lines...................................................................................................................................................... 208
Magnification or reduction of details.....................................................................................................................209
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Contents
6.11 Error messages.............................................................................................................................. 210
Display of errors......................................................................................................................................................... 210
Opening the error window........................................................................................................................................ 210
Detailed error messages...........................................................................................................................................211
INTERNAL INFO soft key..........................................................................................................................................211
GROUPING soft key................................................................................................................................................... 212
ACTIVATE AUTOMATIC SAVING soft key............................................................................................................ 212
Deleting errors.............................................................................................................................................................213
Error log........................................................................................................................................................................ 214
Keystroke log...............................................................................................................................................................215
Informational texts.....................................................................................................................................................215
Saving service files.................................................................................................................................................... 216
Closing the error window......................................................................................................................................... 216
6.12 TNCguide: context-sensitive help...................................................................................................217
Application....................................................................................................................................................................217
Using TNCguide..........................................................................................................................................................218
Downloading current help files................................................................................................................................221
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Contents
7 Miscellaneous functions........................................................................................................... 223
7.1 Entering miscellaneous functions M and STOP.............................................................................. 224
Fundamentals..............................................................................................................................................................224
7.2 Miscellaneous functions for program run inspection, spindle and coolant......................................225
Overview....................................................................................................................................................................... 225
7.3 Miscellaneous functions for coordinate entries..............................................................................226
Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92..............................................................................226
Moving to positions in a non-tilted input coordinate system with a tilted working plane: M130............... 228
7.4 Miscellaneous functions for path behavior.....................................................................................229
Machining small contour steps: M97.................................................................................................................... 229
Machining open contour corners: M98................................................................................................................. 230
Feed rate factor for plunging movements: M103............................................................................................... 231
Feed rate in millimeters per spindle revolution: M136.......................................................................................232
Feed rate for circular arcs: M109/M110/M111...................................................................................................232
Pre-calculating radius-compensated contours (LOOK AHEAD): M120 (option 21)......................................234
Superimposing handwheel positioning during program run: M118 (option 21)........................................... 236
Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction: M140...........................................................................237
Suppressing touch probe monitoring: M141........................................................................................................239
Deleting basic rotation: M143..................................................................................................................................239
Lifting off the tool automatically from the contour at NC stop: M148........................................................... 240
Rounding corners: M197.......................................................................................................................................... 241
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Contents
8 Subprograms and program section repeats.............................................................................. 243
8.1 Labeling subprograms and program section repeats......................................................................244
Label.............................................................................................................................................................................. 244
8.2 Subprograms.................................................................................................................................. 245
Operating sequence................................................................................................................................................... 245
Programming notes................................................................................................................................................... 245
Programming the subprogram................................................................................................................................245
Calling a subprogram................................................................................................................................................ 246
8.3 Program-section repeats................................................................................................................247
Label.............................................................................................................................................................................. 247
Operating sequence................................................................................................................................................... 247
Programming notes................................................................................................................................................... 247
Programming a program section repeat.............................................................................................................. 248
Calling a program section repeat........................................................................................................................... 248
8.4 Calling an external NC program..................................................................................................... 249
Overview of the soft keys.........................................................................................................................................249
Operating sequence................................................................................................................................................... 250
Programming notes................................................................................................................................................... 250
Calling an external NC program..............................................................................................................................252
8.5 Point tables.................................................................................................................................... 254
Creating a point table................................................................................................................................................254
Hiding single points for the machining process..................................................................................................255
Selecting a point table in the NC program........................................................................................................... 256
Using point tables...................................................................................................................................................... 257
Definition.......................................................................................................................................................................257
8.6 Nesting...........................................................................................................................................258
Types of nesting.........................................................................................................................................................258
Nesting depth.............................................................................................................................................................. 258
Subprogram within a subprogram......................................................................................................................... 259
Repeating program section repeats.......................................................................................................................260
Repeating a subprogram.......................................................................................................................................... 261
8.7 Programming examples..................................................................................................................262
Example: Milling a contour in several infeeds..................................................................................................... 262
Example: Groups of holes........................................................................................................................................ 263
Example: Group of holes with multiple tools....................................................................................................... 264
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Contents
9 Programming Q parameters......................................................................................................267
9.1 Principle and overview of functions............................................................................................... 268
Q parameter types......................................................................................................................................................269
Programming notes................................................................................................................................................... 271
Calling Q parameter functions.................................................................................................................................272
9.2 Part families—Q parameters in place of numerical values.............................................................. 273
Application....................................................................................................................................................................273
9.3 Describing contours with mathematical functions.......................................................................... 274
Application....................................................................................................................................................................274
Overview....................................................................................................................................................................... 274
Programming fundamental operations................................................................................................................. 275
9.4 Trigonometric functions................................................................................................................. 277
Definitions.....................................................................................................................................................................277
Programming trigonometric functions.................................................................................................................. 277
9.5 Circle calculations..........................................................................................................................279
Application....................................................................................................................................................................279
9.6 If-then decisions with Q parameters...............................................................................................280
Application....................................................................................................................................................................280
Abbreviations used.....................................................................................................................................................280
Jump conditions.........................................................................................................................................................281
Programming if-then decisions...............................................................................................................................282
9.7 Entering formulas directly.............................................................................................................. 283
Entering formulas.......................................................................................................................................................283
Rules for formulas......................................................................................................................................................283
Overview....................................................................................................................................................................... 285
Example: Trigonometric function............................................................................................................................287
9.8 Checking and changing Q parameters............................................................................................288
Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................... 288
9.9 Additional functions....................................................................................................................... 290
Overview....................................................................................................................................................................... 290
FN 14: ERROR – Displaying error messages.......................................................................................................291
FN 16: F-PRINT – Formatted output of text and Q parameter values............................................................297
FN 18: SYSREAD – Reading system data............................................................................................................ 306
FN 19: PLC – Transferring values to the PLC..................................................................................................... 307
FN 20: WAIT FOR – NC and PLC synchronization............................................................................................. 307
FN 29: PLC – Transferring values to the PLC..................................................................................................... 308
FN 37: EXPORT...........................................................................................................................................................308
FN 38: SEND – Send information from the NC program.................................................................................. 309
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Contents
9.10 String parameters...........................................................................................................................311
String processing functions..................................................................................................................................... 311
Assigning string parameters....................................................................................................................................312
Chain-linking string parameters.............................................................................................................................. 313
Converting a numerical value to a string parameter..........................................................................................314
Copying a substring from a string parameter..................................................................................................... 315
Reading system data.................................................................................................................................................316
Converting a string parameter to a numerical value..........................................................................................317
Testing a string parameter.......................................................................................................................................318
Finding the length of a string parameter.............................................................................................................. 319
Comparing alphabetic priority................................................................................................................................. 320
Reading out machine parameters.......................................................................................................................... 321
9.11 Preassigned Q parameters............................................................................................................. 324
Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107..................................................................................................................... 324
Active tool radius: Q108............................................................................................................................................324
Tool axis: Q109........................................................................................................................................................... 325
Spindle status: Q110..................................................................................................................................................325
Coolant on/off: Q111.................................................................................................................................................325
Overlap factor: Q112..................................................................................................................................................325
Unit of measurement for dimensions in the NC program: Q113.....................................................................325
Tool length: Q114....................................................................................................................................................... 326
Coordinates after probing during program run................................................................................................... 326
Deviation between actual and nominal value during automatic tool measurement; for example, with the
TT 160...........................................................................................................................................................................326
Tilting the working plane with workpiece angles: Coordinates calculated by the control for rotary
axes................................................................................................................................................................................326
Measurement results from touch probe cycles.................................................................................................. 327
9.12 Accessing tables with SQL statements.......................................................................................... 330
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................330
Programming SQL commands................................................................................................................................332
Overview of functions................................................................................................................................................333
SQL BIND......................................................................................................................................................................334
SQL EXECUTE..............................................................................................................................................................335
SQL FETCH.................................................................................................................................................................. 339
SQL UPDATE................................................................................................................................................................341
SQL INSERT.................................................................................................................................................................343
SQL COMMIT...............................................................................................................................................................344
SQL ROLLBACK...........................................................................................................................................................345
SQL SELECT.................................................................................................................................................................347
Examples...................................................................................................................................................................... 349
9.13 Programming examples..................................................................................................................351
Example: Rounding a value......................................................................................................................................351
Example: Ellipse.......................................................................................................................................................... 352
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Contents
Example: Concave cylinder machined with ball-nose cutter.............................................................................354
Example: Convex sphere machined with end mill.............................................................................................. 356
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