Hioki LR8410-20 User manual

Contents
i
Contents
Introduction ..............................................................................1
Confirming Package Contents ................................................2
Safety Information....................................................................4
Operating Precautions.............................................................7
Chapter 1
Overview ____________________________________21
1.1 Product Overview and Features .............................21
1.2 Measurement Flow ..................................................22
1.3 Names and Functions of Parts, Screen 
Configurations .........................................................26
Wireless Logging Station .................................................26
UNIT .................................................................................29
Measurement Units ..........................................................30
Wireless logger ................................................................31
Types of wireless logger ..................................................31
LR8512 Wireless Pulse Logger ........................................ 31
LR8513 Wireless Clamp Logger ......................................31
LR8514 Wireless Humidity Logger ................................... 32
LR8515 Wireless Voltage/Temp Logger ..........................32
LR8520 Wireless Fungal Logger ......................................32
1.4 Basic Operation .......................................................35
Screen Operations 
(changing settings, scrolling waveforms, 
and displaying values).......................................................35
Starting and Stopping Measurement ................................36
Disabling Key Operations (Key-Lock Function) ...............38
Performing Zero Adjustment ............................................38
Saving Data ......................................................................39
Confirming Inputs (Monitor) .............................................. 40
Chapter 2
Measurement Preparations _________________41
2.1 Using the Battery Pack (Option) ............................41
Install the Battery Pack .................................................... 41
Charge the Battery Pack ..................................................42
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LR8410B980-05

Contents
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2.2 Connecting the AC Adapter ................................... 44
2.3 Making Connections ............................................... 46
Pre-Connection Inspection ............................................... 46
Voltage and Thermocouple Temperature Measurement . 47
Temperature Measurement with 
a Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) ..................... 49
Humidity Measurement .................................................... 50
Resistance Measurement ................................................ 51
Connecting Alarm Outputs ............................................... 52
External Control (using TRIG OUT and EXT TRIG) ........ 53
2.4 Turning the Power On and Off ............................... 54
2.5 Register measurement units and 
wireless logger with the instrument ...................... 55
Registering Measurement Units and Wireless Logger ..... 56
Deleting Registered Units ................................................ 58
2.6 Inserting a SD Memory Card or USB Flash Drive 
(when saving data) ................................................. 60
SD Card Insertion & Removal .......................................... 61
USB flash drive Insertion & Removal ............................... 61
Formatting a SD memory card/USB flash drive ............... 62
2.7 Compensating for Input Circuit Offset 
(Zero Adjustment).................................................... 63
Chapter 3
Settings _____________________________________ 67
3.1 Setting Flow Overview ........................................... 67
3.2 Configuring Measurement Settings ...................... 68
Time Setting by Key Operations ...................................... 68
3.3 Input Channel Settings ........................................... 72
Key Setting Procedure ..................................................... 73
Voltage Measurement Settings ........................................ 75
Temperature Measurement Settings 
(using thermocouples) ...................................................... 76
Temperature Measurement Settings (for RTDs) ............. 78
Temperature Measurement Settings 
(When LR8514 or LR8520 is used) .................................. 79
Humidity Measurement Settings (When LR8511 is used) 80
Humidity Measurement Settings 
(When LR8514 or LR8520 is used) .................................. 80

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iii
Resistance Measurement Settings ..................................81
Integration (Count) Measurement Settings ......................82
Revolution Measurement Settings ...................................84
Logic Measurement Settings ............................................86
Current Measurement Settings ........................................ 87
Fungal Index and Fungal Growth Projection Settings ......89
3.4 Alarm Settings .........................................................90
3.5 Data Saving Settings ...............................................90
3.6 Waveform Display Settings (as needed) ...............91
Key Setting Procedure ..................................................... 91
Selecting Waveform Display Color ................................... 91
Specifying Vertical Display Range by Magnification and 
Zero Position (vertical axis expansion/compression) .......92
Specifying the Vertical Display Range by Upper and 
Lower Limits (expansion/compression) ............................93
Setting the Display Time Base 
(horizontal axis magnification) ..........................................94
3.7 Scaling Settings (as needed) ..................................95
3.8 Entering Titles and Comments (as needed) ..........98
3.9 Suppressing Noise (Enable Digital Filtering) ......100
3.10 Viewing and Editing with 
the All-Channel Settings List ................................101
Batch Copying Channel Settings ...................................102
Batch Setting Waveform Display/Hide and 
Waveform Color Settings for All Channels .....................104
Initializing Settings (to factory defaults) ..........................105
Aligning Zero Positions on the Grid ................................106
Setting CH1 of UNIT1 Value as a Scaling Value 
(Inter-Channel Compensation function) ......................... 107
Chapter 4
Observing Measurements and Data ______ 111
4.1 Confirming Measured Values, 
and Starting Measurement ....................................111
If the power goes out during measurement ....................111
If communications fail temporarily .................................. 111
Handling of waveform display and data when 
data cannot be acquired..................................................112
Synchronization and acquired data discrepancies .........112
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4.2 Observing Waveforms .......................................... 113
Displaying Waveforms (Display Descriptions) ............... 113
Displaying Gauges ......................................................... 114
Viewing Input Signals as Numerical Values ................... 115
Scrolling Waveforms ...................................................... 116
Verifying Waveform Display Position ............................. 116
Magnifying and Compressing Horizontally ..................... 117
Viewing Any Waveform Location (Jump Function) ........ 117
Specifying a Waveform Time Span ................................ 118
Displaying Cursor Values ............................................... 119
4.3 Marking Waveforms and Searching Marks 
(Search Function) .................................................. 121
Inserting Event Marks While Viewing Waveforms ......... 121
Inserting Event Marks Using External Input Signals ...... 122
Alarm Event Marks ......................................................... 123
How are event marks handled in 
text (CSV) conversion? ................................................... 124
Searching Event Marks .................................................. 125
Chapter 5
Specifying Criteria for Measurements ____ 127
About Triggering ............................................................ 127
5.1 Triggering Measurement Start and Stop ............ 129
Types of Trigger Criteria ................................................ 129
Enable the Trigger Function ........................................... 130
Key Setting Procedure ................................................... 130
Setting Trigger Criteria ................................................... 131
Selecting Triggering Criteria (Trigger Source) ............... 135
Using External Triggering .............................................. 136
When You Want to Measure Data before Triggering 
(Pre-trigger)..................................................................... 137
Applying Trigger at Fixed Time Interval 
(Interval Trigger) ............................................................. 138
5.2 Trigger Setting Examples .................................... 139
5.3 Confirming All Trigger and 
Alarm Criteria Settings.......................................... 140
5.4 Starting & Stopping Measurement on 
a Specified Day ...................................................... 141

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5.5 Starting & Stopping Measurement 
Periodically .............................................................143
5.6 Canceling a Schedule ...........................................145
5.7 About Schedule Function Operation ...................147
5.8 Setting Examples ...................................................150
5.9 Alarm Output ..........................................................151
Checking Alarm Criteria .................................................152
Alarm Settings ................................................................155
Chapter 6
Saving & Loading Data ___________________ 159
6.1 About Saving and Loading Data ..........................159
What happens to data in a power outage? ....................161
Preparation for power outages during 
long-term measurements ................................................161
6.2 Saving Data ............................................................162
Automatic Saving 
(Waveform Data and Numerical Calculation Results) ....163
Replacing Removable Storage During 
Real-Time Saving ...........................................................166
Saving Manually (Waveform Data, Settings, 
Screen Images, Numerical Calculation Results).............167
To Save a Setting Configuration ....................................170
6.3 Loading Data on the instrument ..........................171
Loading a Setting Configuration .....................................171
Reverting to previous settings ........................................173
Loading Waveform Data and Screen Images ................ 174
6.4 Data Management ..................................................176
Switching removable storage .........................................176
Viewing Folder Contents and the Parent Folder ............176
Deleting Data ................................................................. 177
Renaming Files and Folders ..........................................178
Copying Data .................................................................179
Sorting Files ...................................................................180
6.5 Transferring Data to a PC (USB Drive Mode) ......181
Select the USB Drive Mode ........................................... 181
Connecting the USB Cable ............................................ 182
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Chapter 7
Numerical Calculations/
Waveform Calculations____________________ 183
7.1 Calculate Average, Maximum, Minimum, 
and Etc.................................................................... 183
Key Setting Procedure ................................................... 186
Real-Time Calculation While Measuring 
(Auto Calculation) ........................................................... 186
Calculation after Measuring (Manual Calculation) ......... 188
Apply Calculations to a Specific Time Span 
(Manual Calculation Only) 189
7.2 Numerical Value Calculation Expressions ......... 190
7.3 Waveform Calculations ........................................ 191
Key Setting Procedure ................................................... 191
Calculating Power (When Using the LR8513) ............... 193
Chapter 8
System Environment Settings_____________ 195
Key Setting Procedure ................................................... 196
8.1 Operation Settings ................................................ 196
Using the Auto-Resume Function 
(Resume After Power Restoration) ................................ 196
File Protection Level Setting .......................................... 197
8.2 Screen Key Operation Settings ........................... 197
Enabling and Disabling the Backlight Saver .................. 197
Adjust Backlight Brightness ........................................... 198
Selecting Black or White Screen Background ............... 198
Enabling or Disabling the Beeper .................................. 198
Selecting the Horizontal (Time) Axis Display ................. 199
Selecting the Display Language .................................... 199
Display of Start/Stop Confirmation Messages ............... 199
8.3 CSV File Saving Settings ..................................... 200
CSV File Data Decimal and Separator Characters ........ 200
Select the sort order for numerical calculation results ... 200
Setting How to Handle Date Data Stored in CSV Files .. 201
8.4 External Trigger Input Settings ........................... 201
Selecting the External Trigger Function ......................... 201
Set Alarm Event Marking ............................................... 201

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vii
8.5 Making System Settings .......................................202
Setting the Date and Time .............................................202
Initializing the instrument (System Reset) ......................203
Self-Test .........................................................................204
Chapter 9
External Control __________________________ 205
9.1 External Trigger Input ...........................................205
9.2 External Signal Output (Trigger Output) .............206
9.3 Alarm Signal Output (Alarm Output) ...................207
9.4 Synchronous Measurements with 
Multiple instruments ..............................................209
Chapter 10
Connection to a PC (Communication) ____ 211
Communication Features ...............................................211
10.1 USB Settings and Connections ............................212
1.Configuring the instrument .......................................... 212
2. Installing the USB Driver ............................................ 213
3. Connecting the instrument to a PC ............................216
Features Available After USB Setting and Connection ..218
4. Installing the Logger Utility Program ..........................219
Uninstalling the Logger Utility .........................................222
10.2 LAN Settings and Connections
(Before connecting to the network) ......................224
Things to Check Before Making Settings .......................224
1. PC Network Setup ......................................................226
2.Instrument Settings .....................................................227
3. Connecting the instrument to a PC ............................231
Features Available After LAN Setting and Connection ..232
When LAN Communication Fails ...................................233
10.3 Using the Logger Utility .......................................234
Starting and Ending Logger Utility ..................................235
10.4 Remote Measurement with 
the HTTP Server Function ....................................236
Displaying the Main Page ..............................................236
Remote Operating .......................................................... 238
Start/Stop Measurement ................................................ 239
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Viewing Current Measurement Values .......................... 239
Acquiring Data from Internal Memory ............................ 240
Setting Comments ......................................................... 241
10.5 Transferring Data to a PC with 
the FTP Server Function ....................................... 242
Restricting FTP Server Connections 
(FTP Authentication) ....................................................... 245
10.6 Auto Sending Data using 
the FTP Client Function ........................................ 246
Setting Up an FTP Server on a PC ................................ 247
Instrument Auto-Send Settings ...................................... 259
Testing File Transfer ...................................................... 261
Checking LAN Communication Status ........................... 262
10.7 Sending E-Mail ...................................................... 263
Instrument E-Mail Settings ............................................. 264
Testing E-Mailing ........................................................... 267
Checking Mail Communication Status ........................... 268
E-Mail Sending Authentication ....................................... 269
10.8 About Communications Commands ................... 270
Configuring Communications Command Operation ...... 270
Chapter 11
Using Other Hioki Products 
(LR8410 Link) ______________________________ 271
11.1 Register Link Product on Instrument ................. 271
11.2 Configure Settings ................................................ 272
11.3 Carry Out Measurement ....................................... 274
11.4 Measurement data ................................................ 274
Measurement value errors ............................................. 274
Measurement values ...................................................... 274
Chapter 12
Specifications _____________________________ 275
12.1 LR8410-20 Wireless Logging Station 
Specifications ........................................................ 275
12.2 LR8510 Wireless Voltage/Temp Unit 
Specifications ........................................................ 286
12.3 LR8511 Wireless Universal Unit Specifications . 292

Contents
ix
Chapter 13
Maintenance and Service_________________ 299
13.1 Inspection, Repair, and Cleaning .........................299
13.2 Troubleshooting ....................................................301
13.3 Disposing of the instrument .................................303
Removing the Lithium Battery ........................................303
Appendix ___________________________________ A1
Appendix 1 Scan Timing ..................................................... A1
Appendix 2 Error Messages and Remedial Actions......... A3
Appendix 3 File Naming ...................................................... A9
Appendix 4 Text File Internal Format............................... A10
Appendix 5 Binary File Size Calculation.......................... A11
Appendix 6 List of Default Settings ................................. A12
Appendix 7 Maximum Recordable Time .......................... A14
Appendix 8 Concerning Noise Countermeasures .......... A15
Appendix 9 Frequently Asked Questions........................ A21
Questions about measurement units 
(Wireless Voltage/Temp Unit and 
Wireless Universal Unit) ................................................. A21
Questions about the Wireless Logging Station .............. A23
Appendix 10Introduction to Measurement Applications A29
Connecting a 4 to 20 mA Output Device and 
Recording Average Values Every Minute ....................... A29
Appendix 11Input Circuit Diagram ................................... A32
Appendix 12Instrument/Unit Communications 
Interruptions and Reestablishment ............. A33
Index __________________________________ Index 1
12
11
Appendix
Index
10

Contents
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Introduction
1
Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI Model LR8410-20 Wireless Logging Station.To
obtain maximum performance from the instrument and measurement units, please
read this manual first, and keep it handy for future reference.
This document uses the following device names:
The following documents are provided with this instrument. Refer to them as
appropriate for your application.
• Microsoft and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Cor-
poration in the United States and other countries.
• Bluetooth®is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc.(USA).
The trademark is used by HIOKI E.E. CORPORATION under license.
•The SD logo is a trademark of SD-3C, LLC.
• Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, and any logos containing Sun or Java are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation in the United States and other countries.
Introduction
Product Name in this document
LR8410-20 Wireless Logging Station The instrument
LR8510 Wireless Voltage/Temp Unit Measurement unit
LR8511 Wireless Universal Unit
LR8512 Wireless Pulse Logger
Wireless logger
LR8513 Wireless Clamp Logger
LR8514 Wireless Humidity Logger
LR8515 Wireless Voltage/Temp Logger
LR8520 Wireless Fungal Logger
Document Description
1Measurement
Guide
Read first.
Offers an introduction to the instrument’s basic measuring method for
first time users.
2Instruction Manual
(This document)
Contains explanation and instructions regarding the instrument's op-
erating method and functions.
Trademarks

Confirming Package Contents
2
When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage
occurred during shipping. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches, and
connectors. If damage is evident, or if it fails to operate according to the specifica-
tions, contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.
Confirming Package Contents
Confirm that these contents are provided.
LR8410-20 Wireless Logging Station
........................................................... 1
Z1008 AC Adapter............................ 1
Logger Utility(Data acquisition appli-
cation program CD) ......................... 1
(p. 44)
The latest version can be down-
loaded from our web site.
Instruction manual ...........................1
Measurement guide..........................1
 Precautions Concerning Use of 
Equipment That Emits Radio Waves..1
USB Cable .........................................1
Z4001 SD Memory Card (2 GB) .......1
(p. 182)

Confirming Package Contents
3
Contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller for details.
Storing the instrument and measurement units in the C1007 Carrying Case
Store the instrument and measurement units in the C1007 Carrying Case as shown below.
Options
LR8510 Wireless Voltage/Temp Unit Z1007 Battery Pack
LR8511 Wireless Universal Unit Z1008 AC Adapter
LR8512 Wireless Pulse Logger C1007 Carrying Case
LR8513 Wireless Clamp Logger Z1009 Fixed Stand
LR8514 Wireless Humidity Logger 9642 LAN Cable
LR8515 Wireless Voltage/Temp Logger Z4001 SD Memory Card (2 GB)
LR8520 Wireless Fungal Logger Z4003 SD Memory Card (8 GB)
P9000-01 Differential Probe
P9000-02 Differential Probe
Instruction manual
LR8410-20
Measurement units
(Up to 4) Accessories, etc.

Safety Information
4
This instrument and measurement units are designed to comply with IEC 61010 Safety
Standards, and has been thoroughly tested for safety prior to shipment. However, mishan-
dling during use could result in injury or death, as well as damage to the instrument and
measurement units. Using the instrument and measurement units in a way not described
in this manual may negate the provided safety features.
Be certain that you understand the instructions and precautions in the manual before
use. We disclaim any responsibility for accidents or injuries not resulting directly from
instrument and measurement units defects.
The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative importance of cautions and
warnings.
Safety Information
Please carefully review all safety information about the wireless logger in the
Measurement Guide.
Mishandling during use could result in injury or death, as well as dam-
age to the instrument. Be certain that you understand the instructions
and precautions in the manual before use.
With regard to the electricity supply, there are risks of electric shock,
heat generation, fire, and arc discharge due to short circuits. If persons
unfamiliar with electricity measuring instruments are to use the instru-
ment, another person familiar with such instruments must supervise
operations.
Safety Symbols
In the manual, the symbol indicates particularly important information that the user
should read before using the instrument.
The symbol printed on the instrument indicates that the user should refer to a corre-
sponding topic in the manual (marked with the symbol) before using the relevant
function.
Indicates a high voltage hazard.
If a particular safety check is not performed or the instrument is mishandled, this may
give rise to a hazardous situation; the operator may receive an electric shock, may get
burnt or may even be fatally injured.
Indicates a double-insulated device.
Indicates a grounding terminal.
Indicates DC (Direct Current).
Indicates that incorrect operation presents an extreme hazard that could result in
serious injury or death to the user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a significant hazard that could result
in serious injury or death to the user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility of injury to the user or
damage to the instrument and measurement units.
Indicates advisory items related to performance or correct operation of the instru-
ment and measurement units.

Safety Information
5
Accuracy
We define measurement tolerances in terms of f.s. (full scale), rdg. (reading) and dgt.
(digit) values, with the following meanings:
Symbols for Various Standards
Indicates that the product conforms to regulations set out by the EU Directive.
FCC ID Indicates the ID number of the wireless module certified by the U.S. Federal Com-
munications Commission (FCC).
IC Indicates the number of the wireless module certified by Industry Canada.
This is a recycle mark established under the Resource Recycling Promotion Law
(only for Japan).
Indicates the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive)
in EU member states.
Other Symbols
Indicates the prohibited action.
(p. ) Indicates the location of reference information.
*Indicates that descriptive information is provided below.
[ ] The names of setting objects and buttons on the screen are indicated by square
brackets [ ].
SET
(Bold
charac-
ters)
Bold characters within the text indicate operating key labels.
• Unless otherwise specified, “Windows” represents Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7,
Windows 8, and Windows 10.
• Dialog box represents a Windows dialog box.
• Click: Press and quickly release the left button of the mouse.
• Double click: Quickly click the left button of the mouse twice.
f.s. 
(maximum display value or
scale length)
The maximum displayable value or scale length. This is usually the
name of the currently selected range. Example: For the 1 V range,
f.s. = 1 V
rdg. 
(reading or displayed value)
The value currently being measured and indicated on the measur-
ing instrument.
dgt. 
(resolution)
The smallest displayable unit on a digital measuring instrument,
i.e., the input value that causes the digital display to show a "1" as
the least-significant digit.
Li-ion

Safety Information
6
Measurement categories
To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments, IEC 61010 establishes safety
standards for various electrical environments, categorized as CAT II to CAT IV, and called
measurement categories.
Hioki LR8510 Wireless Voltage/Temp Unit and LR8511 Wireless Universal Unit complies
with CAT II (300 VAC, DC) safety requirements.
• Using a measuring HiLogger in an environment designated with a
higher-numbered category than that for which the HiLogger is rated
could result in a severe accident, and must be carefully avoided.
• Never use a measuring HiLogger that lacks category labeling in a
CAT II to CAT IV measurement environment. Doing so could result
in a serious accident.
CAT II: When directly measuring the electrical outlet receptacles of the primary electrical
circuits in equipment connected to an AC electrical outlet by a power cord
(portable tools, household appliances, etc.).
CAT III: When measuring the primary electrical circuits of heavy equipment (fixed
installations) connected directly to the distribution panel, and feeders from the
distribution panel to outlets.
CAT IV: When measuring the circuit from the service drop to the service entrance, and to
the power meter and primary overcurrent protection device (distribution panel).

Operating Precautions
7
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full benefits of
the various functions.
The Wireless Voltage/Temp Unit, Wireless Universal Unit, and Wireless Logging Station
use the 2.4 GHz frequency band. No radio station license is required in order to use the
product, but the following precautions should be observed:
Operating Precautions
Please carefully review all safety information about the wireless logger in
the Measurement Guide.
Bluetooth
• Do not use with systems required to exhibit a high level of safety or reli-
ability.
• Do not use in proximity to pacemakers or other medical devices.
• Do not attempt to modify or disassemble.
• When used in proximity to other devices that use the same frequency
band, for example wireless networking devices, transmission and recep-
tion of data may become unstable, or the product may be affected by the
other devices.
• The line-of-sight communications range between the Wireless Logging
Station and the Wireless Voltage/Temp Unit and Wireless Universal Unit
is 30 m. Obstructions (such as walls or metal shielding) may cause com-
munications to become unreliable and/or reduce the communications
range.
• Although communications between the Wireless Voltage/Temp Unit and
Wireless Universal Unit and the Wireless Logging Station are encrypted
using SSP, this does not guarantee the integrity or secrecy of transmitted
data. Hioki is not liable for the electronic interception or unauthorized dis-
closure by other means of measured values sent via wireless communi-
cations.
• The Wireless Voltage/Temp Unit, Wireless Universal Unit, and Wireless
Logging Station emit radio waves. Use of radio waves is subject to
licensing requirements that are specific to the country of use, and use of
these products in areas other than the countries listed in the provided
“Precautions Concerning Use of Equipment That Emits Radio Waves”
may constitute a violation of applicable law, resulting in fines or other
penalties.
To facilitate stable transmission and reception of data, the product should
be positioned away from the floor, for example on a stand, rather than
close to the floor.

Operating Precautions
8
• Before using the instrument the first time, verify that it operates normally to ensure that no
damage occurred during storage or shipping. If you find any damage, contact your autho-
rized Hioki distributor or reseller.
• Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the cables is undamaged and
that no bare conductors are improperly exposed. Using the instrument in such conditions
could cause an electric shock, so contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller for
replacements.
LR8410-20 Wireless Logging Station
Operating temperature and humidity:
Temperature:-10°C to 50°C, Humidity:30 to 80%RH(non-condensating)
(Charging temperature range: 5°C to 35°C)
LR8510 Wireless Voltage/Temp Unit, LR8511 Wireless Universal Unit
Operating temperature and humidity:
Temperature: -20°C to 60°C
Humidity: -20°C to 40°C, 80%RH or less(non-condensating)
40°C to 45°C, 60%RH or less(non-condensating)
45°C to 50°C, 50%RH or less(non-condensating)
50°C to 60°C, 30%RH or less(non-condensating)
(Charging temperature range: 5°C to 35°C)
Temperature and humidity range for guaranteed accuracy:
Temperature:23±5°C, Humidity 80%RH or less(non-condensating)
Before Use
Installation
• Avoid temperature changes around the terminal block. Especially avoid
directed airflow such as from an electric fan or air conditioner vent.Ther-
mocouple inputs are prone to measurement errors.
• When the instrument is moved to a location with significantly different
ambient temperature, allow at least 60 minutes for thermal equalization
before measuring.
Avoid the following locations that could cause an accident or
damage to the instrument and measurement units.
Exposed to direct sunlight
Exposed to high tempera-
ture
In the presence of corro-
sive or explosive gases
Exposed to water, oil, other
chemicals, or solvents
Exposed to high humidity
or condensation
Exposed to strong electro-
magnetic fields
Near electromagnetic radi-
ators
Exposed to high levels of
particulate dust Subject to vibration
Near induction heating
systems
(e.g., high-frequency in-
duction heating systems
and IH cooking utensils)