Hughes 9100 UMOD User manual

11717 Exploration Lane, Germantown, MD 20876
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HUGHES
NETWORK SYSTEMS
A HUGHES ELECTRONICS COMPANY
1022410–0001
Rev. 2
December 2, 1996
9100 UMOD
Universal Modem
1–PAK Chassis
Installation and Operation Manual

1022410–0001 Rev. 2 Introduction 1–1
Chapter 1
Introduction
The Hughes Network Systems, Inc. (HNS) 9100 Universal
Modem (UMOD) is a high-performance multifunction satellite
modem providing features that include multiple bit rates,
modulation types, coding schemes, terrestrial interfaces, and IF
frequency bands. The UMOD is operational as:
•A standalone, open–network modem for use with
INTELSAT (IDR/IBS) and EUTELSAT (SMS) standards.
•A standalone modem for closed networks.
•An integral part of the HNS Gemini VSAT, a private digital
data network for economical bypass of terrestrial data lines.
The 9100 UMOD is available in a single modem chassis referred
to as the 1–PAK as shown in figure 1-1 and in a ten–modem
chassis called the 10–PAK. The 10–PAK is described in the 9100
UMOD Universal Modem 10–PAK Chassis Installation and
Operation Manual, HNS document number 8051364.
0E
789•
456
123
HUGHES
NETWORK SYSTEMS
MODEM
UNIVERSAL
Figure 1-1 The 9100 Universal Modem single-modem chassis (1-PAK)
The UMOD supports IDR/IBS/SMS framing, single- or
twin-bearer drop-and-insert (D&I) multiplexing, an internal bit

1022410– 0001 Rev. 21–2 Introduction
error rate test set, and an EbNomonitor for use in Single Channel
Per Carrier (SCPC) and Multiple Channel Per Carrier (MCPC)
systems. Figure 1-2 shows a typical SCPC/MCPC application.
EXTERNAL MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER
VOICE DATA
COMBINED VOICE
AND DATA
9100
UNIVERSAL
MODEM
IFL
70/140-MHz RFT
(C- OR KU-BAND)
ANTENNA
RECEIVE
TRANSMIT
LNA
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
0 E
•
HUGHES
NETWORK SYSTEMS
PACKET
SWITCH PBX LAN
M&C FUNCTIONS
AVAILABLE THROUGH
KEYPAD/DISPLAY OR
BY USING OPTIONAL
M&C PERSONAL
COMPUTER (PC)
UPCONVERTER
HPA
DOWNCONVERTER
Figure 1-2 Typical SCPC/MCPC application
The UMOD meets the requirements demanded of modern satellite
modems as well as several features that offer flexibility for growth
from simple SCPC point-to-point applications to fully-networked
point-to-multipoint operation:
•Universal feature set—The feature set covers both current
and future applications with multiple bit rates, software
selectable in 1-bps increments from 9.6 kbps to 8.448
Mbps; BPSK and QPSK modulation methods; Viterbi,

1022410– 0001 Rev. 2 Introduction 1–3
Sequential, Reed-Solomon, and Concatenated FEC coding;
Internal framing to support IDR, IBS, and SMS framing,
single- and twin-bearer D&I multiplexing, and Engineering
Service Channel (ESC) supervisory overhead. All features
are software-selectable, there are no switches or jumpers to
configure.
•Single-card design—The entire modem, framing unit, and
multiple terrestrial and IF interfaces are integrated into a
single circuit board.
•Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)—The
single-card design is made possible by using several
HNS-developed ASICs to perform UMOD functions.
•Bit rate: 9.6 kbps to 8.448 Mbps (selectable in 1-bps
increments)
•Baseband interface: RS-232, RS-422/449, V.35, or G.703
(T1, E1, T2, and E2)
•IF/RF interface: 70 MHz, 140 MHz, or L-Band
•Modulation methods: BPSK and QPSK
•FEC coding compatibility: Viterbi, Sequential,
Concatenated Viterbi/Reed-Solomon
•Internal framing unit supports IDR, IBS, and SMS framing,
single- and twin-bearer D&I multiplexing, and ESC
supervisory overhead
•Full redundancy switchover option in 1-for-1 (1:1)
redundancy

1022410– 0001 Rev. 2 Specifications 2–1
Chapter 2
Specifications
This chapter lists UMOD physical, enironmental, system,
modulator, and demodulator specifications.
This section provides physical specifications for the Universal
Modem 1-PAK chassis.
Weight: 22.5 pounds (10.2 kg)
Refer to figure 2-1 for height, width, and depth dimensions.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
0 E
•
HUGHES
NETWORK SYSTEMS
17.3 in.
(43.9 cm)
19.0 in.
(48.3 cm)
17.3 in.
(43.9 cm)
4.3 in.
(10.9 cm)
(LESS THAN 3U)
Figure 2-1 1-PAK chassis physical dimensions
2.1
Physical
dimensions
1-PAK chassis

1022410– 0001 Rev. 22–2 Specifications
This section describes the 9100 UMOD single-modem chassis
temperature, altitude, and humidity specifications.
The temperature requirements are:
•Operating range: 32 °F to 122 °F (0 °C to 50 °C)
•Storage range: -40 °F to 167 °F (-40 °C to 75 °C)
The altitude requirements are:
•Maximum operating altitude: 15,000 feet (4,752 meters)
•Maximum non-operating altitude: 50,000 feet
(15,240 meters)
The humidity requirements are:
•Maximum operating humidity: 95% relative humidity (RH)
at 122 °F (50 °C)
•Minimum operating humidity: 5% RH at 122 °F (50 °C)
This section describes 9100 Universal Modem system
specifications.
Single slot chassis (117VAC, 60 Hz) power consumption, see table
2-1 .
Table 2-1 Power Usage
Conditions Typical Pwr New Spec Pwr
PS only no Bd 61 W
With UMOD and no
RFM
122 W 150W
GEMINI with 5–watt
radio
197 W 240 W
Ranges: 52—88 MHz or 104—176 MHz (or 52—88 MHz and
104—176 MHz available as an option)
Step size: 100 Hz
Less than 0.5 dB degradation with two adjacent carriers 10 dB
higher at 1.4 X symbol rate
BPSK and QPSK
Range: 9.6 kbps—8.448 Mbps (BPSK 9.6 Kbps – 2.048 Mbps)
Step size: 1-bps steps
9.6 Ksps to 10 Msps
2.2
Environmental
specifications
Temperature
Altitude
Humidity
2.3
System
specifications
Single slot chassis
power consumption
Operating frequency
Channel spacing
Modulation types
Data rates
Symbol rates

1022410– 0001 Rev. 2 Specifications 2–3
Types: Viterbi, Sequential, Concatenated Viterbi/Reed-Solomon
Rates: 1/2, 3/4, 7/8, 1 (No coding)
(Sequential coding limited to R1/2 and 2.048 Mbps)
DIM: RS-232, RS-449, V.35
GIM: G.703 (T1, balanced and unbalanced E1, balanced and
unbalanced T2, E2)
CCITT V.35 and IESS-309 (IBS)
±2 ppm; ±1 ppm per year
Up to 512 Kbits or 32 ms (selectable in bytes or ms)
Front panel, ASCII terminal, remote (Hayes command set)
Configuration, loopbacks, alarms (local or remote)
Intelsat IDR and IBS (IESS-308 and IESS-309),
Eutelsat SMS (BS 7-40), or none
IDR, IBS, or none (for Open Network Applications)
See appendix H (for Closed Network Applications)
Bit Error Rate Test Function: 511-bit PN sequence; user-defined
8-bit repetitive mark/space; 1010 repetitive
Operational Eb/NoMonitor: ±1 dB accuracy
Uncoded: BPSK: 0.5 dB from theoretical; QPSK: 0.75 dB from
theoretical in IF-Back-to-Back, (see table 2-2 on page 2–5 ).
Coded: Intelsat specifications are guaranteed. Table 2-2
illustrates typical performance
Optional redundancy switchover support for all chassis is available
in the following configuration:1-PAK chassis: 1-for-1
1 MHz to10 MHz ("10 ppm, 100–Hz steps)
Forward error
correction
Data interfaces
Scrambling
Reference stability
Elastic buffer
Configuration
Monitor and control
(M&C)
Open-network framing
Engineering service
channel (ESC)
Overhead Channel
Diagnostics
Bit error rate
performance
Redundancy
switchover
Station clock input

1022410– 0001 Rev. 22–4 Specifications
The 9100 Universal Modem power supply automatically adjusts to
accept the following input voltage range: 1-PAK chassis: 100 to
240 Vac (47 to 63 Hz)
This section describes 9100 Universal Modem modulator
specifications.
Transmit power: -5 dBm to -30 dBm
Resolution: 0.1 dB
Accuracy: ±0.25 dB
On/Off isolation: > 60 dB
50 Ω(75 Ωoptional)
20 dB
±2 ppm all causes; ±1 ppm per year
Programmable (IDR, IBS, Custom)
> -50 dBc
-100 dBm/Hz at 0 dBm output level
-130 dBm/Hz at -30 dBm output level
This section describes 9100 Universal Modem demodulator
specifications.
Input impedance: 50 Ω(75 Ωoptional)
Input return loss: 20 dB
Desired carrier range: -30 to -55 dBm
Aggregate: -5 dBm Composite
Carrier: ±30 KHz
Clock: ±100 ppm
Input voltages
2.4
Modulator
specifications
Transmit power
Output impedance
Output return loss
Output frequency
stability
Spectral shape
Spurious and
Harmonics
Transmitted noise
2.5
Demodulator
specifications
Input power
Acquisition range

1022410– 0001 Rev. 2 Specifications 2–5
Refer to section 2.3, “System specifications” and table 2-2 .
Table 2-2 9100 Universal Modem typical bit error rate vs. Eb/Noperformance
specifications
Modulation
type
Forward Error
Correction
(FEC) Type
FEC
Rate Eb/Nofor BER shown below Remarks
(FEC) Type 1E–3 1E–4 1E–5 1E–6 1E–7 1E–10
BPSK None 1 8.6 9.9 10.9 11.7 12.4 – 0.5 dB from theoretical
BPSK Convolutional/
Viterbi
1/2 3.9 4.6 5.3 5.9 6.4 – K=7
BPSK Convolutional/
Viterbi
3/4 5.1 5.7 6.2 6.8 7.3 – K=7
BPSK Convolutional/
Viterbi
7/8 5.9 6.6 7.5 8.3 9.3 – K=7
BPSK Sequential 1/2 – 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.3 – 56Kbps
BPSK Sequential 1/2 – 4.5 4.9 5.3 5.7 – 1Mbps
BPSK Sequential 1/2 – 4.7 5.1 5.4 5.8 – 2Mbps
BPSK Concatenated
Vit/R–S
1/2,201
/219
– – – – – 4.3 K=7
BPSK Concatenated
Vit/R–S
3/4,201
/219
– – – – – 5.8 K=7
QPSK None 1 8.9 10.1 11.1 11.9 12.6 – 0.75 dB from theoretical
QPSK Convolutional/
Viterbi
1/2 4.1 4.8 5.5 6.1 6.6 – K=7
QPSK Convolutional/
Viterbi
3/4 5.3 5.9 6.4 7.0 7.5 – K=7
QPSK Convolutional/
Viterbi
7/8 5.9 6.8 7.6 8.3 9.1 – K=7
QPSK Sequential 1/2 – 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 – 56Kbps
QPSK Sequential 1/2 – 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.9 – 1Mbps
QPSK Sequential 1/2 – 5.0 5.3 5.7 6.0 – 2Mbps
QPSK Concatenated
Vit/R–S
1/2,201
/219
– – – – – 4.3 K=7
QPSK Concatenated
Vit/R–S
3/4,201
/219
– – – – – 5.8 K=7
All values are typical in IF back–to–back with V.35 scrambling
and differential encoding/decoding.
Bit error rate
performance

1022410– 0001 Rev. 2 UMOD hardware theory of operation 3–1
Chapter 3
UMOD hardware theory of operation
The UMOD is a digital satellite modem that serves as a link
between the user’s baseband data terminal equipment (DTE) and
the IF frequency interface with a radio or up/downconverter. In
addition to the basic phase shift keying (BPSK and QPSK)
functions, the UMOD performs data processing such as forward
error correction (FEC), open-network framing, Doppler buffering,
and data multiplexing.
UMOD functions are divided as follows:
•Transmit and receive functions. The UMOD is typically
configured for full-duplex operation, transmitting user data
toward the satellite and receiving data from the satellite.
The two paths are independent for most applications.
•System functions. These include monitor and control
(M&C), self-test diagnostics, timing generation,
redundancy, loopbacks, and bit error rate testing (BERT).
Figure 3-1 on page 3–2 is a high-level diagram of the UMOD
that shows transmit, receive, and system functions. The following
sections describe UMOD functions in the order they appear in the
figure.
In the transmit direction (see figure 3-1 on page 3–2), the
UMOD accepts user data at the customer interface module (CIM)
and directs the data across the backplane to the transmit portion of
the terrestrial data interface daughtercard (either a data interface
module or a G.703 interface module) installed on the UMOD
motherboard.
After the terrestrial data interface converts the data from the user’s
electrical format (RS-232, RS-449, V.35, or G.703) to the format
used in the UMOD, the data is either routed to the UMOD
motherboard, or—if there is an optional internal framing unit
(IFU) installed on the UMOD motherboard—to the transmit
portion of the IFU for processing. After IFU processing, the data is
directed to the UMOD motherboard.
On the motherboard, the data is sent to the channel encoder, where
operations such as scrambling, differential encoding, and FEC
encoding are performed. After encoding, the data is routed to the
transmit filter for digital filtering and interpolation; then passed to
the modulator where the signal is PSK-modulated onto an IF
carrier provided by the transmit synthesizer. This modulated
carrier is amplified in the IF stage processor, then routed for
3.1
Transmit operations