Merck Pellicon Capsule User manual

The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt,
Germany operates as MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada.
Pellicon® Capsule
Pellicon® Capsule Stand
User Guide

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 2
Introduction
Pellicon® capsules are a family of single-
use tangential flow filters available in
three linearly scalable device sizes: 0.1,
0.5 and 1.5 m2, and as pre-assembled
manifolds of multiple capsules connected
via tubing assemblies to enable membrane
area installations of 1, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5 and
9 m2. Manifolded sizes 1, 3 and 4.5 m2
are provided fully assembled with aseptic
connectors. Sizes 6, 7.5 and 9 m2are
achieved by aseptically connecting two
manifold assemblies of 3 or 4.5 m2at the
user site (refer to Manifold Installation).
Capsule
Size (m2)Available Connection Type
Device
0.1, 0.5 ¾ in. Sanitary Flange or
AseptiQuik® G Connector
1.5 AseptiQuik® G Connector
Manifold
1, 3, 4.5 AseptiQuik® G Connector
6, 7.5, 9 AseptiQuik® L Connector
Contents
Introduction ......................................... 2
Pellicon® Capsules ................................ 3
Before Use ....................................... 3
Unpacking ........................................ 3
Installation Materials ......................... 5
Operation Mode................................. 5
Device Installation............................. 5
Manifold Installation .......................... 8
Integrity Testing ................................ 11
Conditioning Flush.............................. 12
Product Processing............................. 13
Concentration ................................. 13
Diafiltration .................................... 13
Recovery........................................ 13
Pellicon® Capsule Stand ...................... 14
Installation ..................................... 14
Troubleshooting ................................. 15
The capsules are self-contained and do not
require a compression holder. Sizes 0.1,
0.5 and 1 m2may be clamped on a user-
supplied fixture or mounted onto a Pellicon®
capsule stand for support (refer to Pellicon®
Capsule Stand for installation). Sizes 1.5 m2
and above are provided with a self-standing
feature.
Feed Port
Retentate Port
Permeate Port
Pellicon® capsule
(shown 0.5 m2with ¾ in. Sanitary Flange)

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 3
Pellicon® Capsules
Before Use
Pellicon® capsules are wetted with
preservative-free reverse osmosis water,
double bagged, packaged and gamma
sterilized. The radiation exposure label on
the inner bag will be red to indicate gamma
irradiation has been performed.
Store the product at ambient temperature
and keep protective packing materials
in place until installation. To prevent
contamination, the capsule should be
removed from the inner bag just prior to
installation.
Visually inspect capsules to ensure no
damage occurred during shipping. Pellicon®
capsule manifolds should not be lifted or
carried by the tubing assemblies.
Cleaning and sanitizing before use are not
required.
Refer to the Certificate of Quality supplied in
the box with each product for specifications.
Unpacking
Pellicon® capsules are individually packaged. The packaging includes double bags, foam
pouches or foam frames, and a corrugated box. Pellicon®capsule manifolds in sizes 3 and 4.5
m2are palletized to provide additional protection during shipment.
CAUTION The 3 and 4.5 m2packages are heavy. Two people or a lifting aid may
be required to move the package. Follow internal SOPs to ensure operator
safety.
1. Cut sealing tape at the base on all
four sides.
CAUTION Do not cut box open from top.
3. Using the handles, lift the assembly
up and out of the bottom tray. Place
the assembly on a stable surface.
2. Lift and remove the top portion of the
box.
4. Lift and remove the top foam piece.

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 4
5. Securely grasp the outer plastic bag
assembly by its edges and lift free
from the bottom foam piece and place
on stable surface.
8. Place the bagged manifold on a flat
surface, cut the inner bag at the seal
and remove the foam assembly.
6. Cut the outer bag at the seal and
remove the inner-bagged manifold
unit.
CAUTION
Do not cut open the inner bag
until ready to use the product
to prevent contamination.
9. Remove the top foam piece.
7. Follow SOP prior to bringing it into a
cleanroom.
10. Hold the bottom foam piece down and
lift the manifold unit by the handles.
11. For E manifolds only, pull the foam
insert out to remove the center
unification bracket.
Once all packaging materials have been
removed, the product is ready to use.

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 5
Installation Materials
Below is a list of recommended materials for Pellicon® capsule
installation:
Component Use
Diaphragm or Peristaltic Pump Feed Pump
Diaphragm or Peristaltic Pump
Head Feed Pump Head
Sanitary Gaskets
(not required with AseptiQuik®
Connectors)
Feed, Retentate, Permeate Ports
Sanitary Clamps
(not required with AseptiQuik®
Connectors)
Feed, Retentate, Permeate Ports
Sanitary to Barb Fittings or hose
barb AseptiQuik® Connectors
Feed, Retentate, Permeate Tubing
Connections to Ports
Tubing Feed, Retentate, Permeate,
Recovery Lines
Pinch Clamps/Valves Feed, Retentate, Permeate,
Recovery Lines
Barb Tee Recovery Line
Pressure Transducers Feed, Retentate, Permeate Lines
Pressure Monitor Pressure Sensor Monitor for
Feed, Retentate, Permeate
Tank Feed
Stirrer Feed
Capsule Stand (sizes 0.1, 0.5 and
1 m2only) Capsule support
Use tubing compatible with solvents and pressures expected in the
application.
The pump must have adequate capacity for the installation. The
optimal feed flow rate will depend on the application and solution
being filtered.
Operation Mode
Product installation and system setup is defined by the TFF operation
mode:
Parameter Operation Mode
Batch TFF Single-pass TFF
Feed Flow Path Recirculation Pumped through the
system once
Feed Flow Rate
(L/min/m2)4 to 8 ≤ 1
Multiple Capsule
Installation Parallel Series
Device Installation
Pellicon® capsule devices are supplied with port twist caps on
sanitary flanges for sizes 0.1 and 0.5 m2only, or with AseptiQuik®
G connectors for all three sizes. Capsules supplied with port caps
require fractional sanitary fittings, gaskets, and clamps to connect the
tubing to the capsule feed, retentate and permeate ports.
Capsules supplied with AseptiQuik® G connectors are provided pre-
assembled with sanitary gaskets and clamps, and require user
supplied AseptiQuik® G connector halves to connect the system
flowpath to the capsule feed, retentate and permeate ports.
During installation and use, avoid stress such as impact, pulling or
stretching at connection points.

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 6
Batch TFF Installation
Batch TFF installations allow the feed to pass through the filter assembly multiple times. If installing multiple devices, assemble for parallel flow
using tubing to connect shared feed, retentate, and permate lines.
Pump
Feed
Pellicon®
Capsule
Feed
Tank
Retentate
Permeate
P
P
P
to Drain
or Waste
Recovery
Pump
Feed
Pellicon
®
Capsules
Feed
Tank
Retentate
Permeate
P
P
P
to Drain
or Waste
Recovery
Batch TFF installation with one Pellicon® capsule Batch TFF installation with multipe Pellicon® capsules
1. Install the Pellicon® capsule(s) vertically with the permeate and
retentate ports on top.
2. Capsules supplied with port caps:
Remove the permeate, feed and retentate port caps by twisting
the caps counterclockwise. Remove the port O-rings.
NOTE O-rings are not reusable.
Insert sanitary gaskets and connect tubing to the feed, permeate
and retentate ports, securing fittings with sanitary clamps.
Capsules supplied with AseptiQuik® Connectors:
Aseptically connect the capsule to the corresponding TFF system
flowpath lines using genderless AseptiQuik® connectors. Refer to
the manufacturer's instructions.
Multiple capsule installations require shared feed, permeate and
retentate lines as shown.
3. Install pressure transducers and pinch valves where required on
the feed, retentate and permeate lines.
4. Connect the feed line to the pump.
5. Install a recovery line and pinch valve after the feed pump and
before the capsule feed port, if needed for product recovery.
6. Direct the permeate line to drain or to waste container.
7. Direct the retentate line to the feed tank.

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 7
Single-pass TFF Installation
Single-pass TFF installations allow the feed to pass through each filter once to generate permeate and concentrated retentate without
recirculation.
Single-pass TFF installations use either one or mutiple Pellicon® capsules. Mutiple capsule installations require the capsules be assembled in
series, with the total membrane area equally distributed in the serialized sections. For example, a process requiring a total of 0.3 m2of filter area would
consist of three 0.1 m2 capsules in series.
Pump
Feed
Feed
Tank
Retentate
Permeate
P
P
to Drain
or Waste
Pellicon®
Capsule
to Collection Vessel
for Product Recovery
or
to Next Step for
Continuous Processing
Pump
Feed
Pellicon
®
Capsule
Feed
Tank
Retentate
Permeate
P
P
to Drain
or Waste
Pellicon
®
Capsule
Pellicon
®
Capsule
to Collection Vessel
for Product Recovery
or
to Next Step for
Continuous Processing
Single-pass TFF installation with one Pellicon® capsule Single-pass TFF installation with multiple Pellicon® capsules
1. Install the Pellicon® capsule vertically with the permeate and
retentate ports on top.
2. Capsules supplied with port caps: Remove the
permeate, feed and retentate port caps by twisting the caps
counterclockwise. Remove the port O-rings.
NOTE O-rings are not reusable.
Insert sanitary gaskets and connect tubing to the feed,
permeate and retentate ports, securing fittings with sanitary
clamps.
Capsules supplied with AseptiQuik® Connectors:
Aseptically connect the capsule to the corresponding TFF system
flowpath lines using genderless AseptiQuik®connectors. Refer to
the manufacturer's instructions.
For multiple capsule installations, connect the feed/retentate port
of the prior capsule to the feed/retentate port of the next capsule.
3. Install a pressure transducer on the feed tubing of the first
capsule and connect the feed line to the pump.
4. Install a pressure transducer in the retentate tubing of the final
capsule in the series then install a pinch valve downstream of
the sensor.
5. Direct permeate lines to waste container or drain.
6. Direct retentate tubing of the final capsule to a collection
vessel for product recovery or to the next step for continuous
processing.

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 8
Manifold Installation
Pellicon® capsule manifold assemblies are
standard units of multiple capsule devices
(2 or 3) connected via single-use tubing
assemblies that are terminated with
AseptiQuik® G or L connectors. There are
three manifold formats available as follows:
Format* Description
GCapsule Manifolds with
AseptiQuik® G Connectors
LCapsule Manifolds with
AseptiQuik® L Connectors
E
Capsule Extender Manifolds with
AseptiQuik® L Connectors on
both ends
*Refer to the last digit of the catalog number.
Each unit is pre-assembled during
manufacturing, mounted on a stainless-steel
plate (3 and 4.5 m2only) for convenience
during use, then individually packaged and
gamma sterilized.
The product must not be lifted or carried by
the tubing assemblies.
Provide adequate tubing length from the
system to avoid stretching of the tubing that
could lead to stress at connection points as
well as prevent kinking of tubing that could
restrict flow.
Installation of 1, 3 or 4.5 m2of Membrane Area
Pellicon® capsule manifold assemblies of 1, 3 and 4.5 m2of membrane area (manifold formats
G) are shipped fully assembled with AseptiQuik® G connectors ready to connect to your TFF
smart system. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for details on making the aseptic
connections.
The 1 m2manifold may be installed onto the Pellicon® capsule stand for vertical support during
use.
Installation of 6, 7.5 or 9 m2of Membrane Area
Pellicon® capsule manifold formats E and L are individual assemblies of either 3 or 4.5 m2of
membrane area. The E format is an extender assembly that enables increased membrane
area installations when aseptically connected to an L assembly. To achieve installations of 6,
7.5, or 9 m2of membrane area, Pellicon® capsule manifold formats E and L are paired during
installation as follows:
Membrane Area (m2)Catalog Number Required
EManifold LManifold
6 PCC----30E PCC----30L
7.5 PCC----30E PCC----45L
9 PCC----45E PCC----45L
NOTE Each Eand Lmanifold unit must be ordered separately.
AseptiQuik®L Connectors
EManifold Assembly LManifold Assembly
System Connection:
Retentate
System Connection:
Permeate
System Connection:
Feed
Carry Handles
Manifold
Connection:
Retentate
Manifold
Connection:
Permeate
Manifold
Connection:
Feed
Center
Unification
Bracket (CUB)
Pellicon®
Capsules 1.5 m2
4.5 m2E manifold (left) and 4.5 m2L manifold (right), shown for a 9 m2installation

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 9
The following procedure requires various connections of AseptiQuik®
L connectors. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for details on
making the aseptic connections.
1. To position E and L manifolds adjacent to the TFF smart system,
lift each manifold individually by the handles on the plate of the
filtration unit and place on a flat even surface near the system.
NOTE Do not lift or carry the product by the tubing
assemblies.
2. Align the three (3) AseptiQuik® L connectors on one side of the
E manifold labeled To System (refer to tag attached to each
tubing line) to the corresponding feed, retentate, and permeate
AseptiQuik® L connectors on the TFF system flow path.
EManifold Assembly
To TFF
System
To
System
Alignment of AseptiQuik® L connectors between system and E manifold
3. Align the three (3) AseptiQuik® L connectors on the opposite side
of the E manifold labeled To Filter to the three (3) AseptiQuik®
L connectors of the L manifold. Ensure the tubeset tags
opposite to each other match according to the intended flow
path direction: Feed to Feed, Retentate to Retentate, and
Permeate to Permeate.
To
System
To TFF
System
EManifold Assembly LManifold Assembly
To
Filter
Alignment of AseptiQuik® L connectors between E and L manifolds
4. To pair the E manifold to the TFF smart system, push the
feed side AseptiQuik® L connector on the E manifold to the
TFF system feed side AseptiQuik® L connector (refer to the
manufacturer's instructions). Then repeat for the retentate line,
and finally the permeate line.

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 10
NOTE Do not pull the membrane tabs on the connectors at
this step as the flow path installation is not complete.
EManifold Assembly
2
1
3
Pairing E manifold to TFF system
5. To pair the L manifold to the E manifold already coupled to the
TFF system, push the feed side AseptiQuik® L connector (refer
to the manufacturer's instructions) on the opposite side of the
E manifold (opposite to the TFF system) to the L manifold feed
side AseptiQuik® L connector. Then repeat for the retentate line,
and finally the permeate line.
NOTE Do not pull the membrane tabs on the connectors at
this step as the flow path installation is not complete.
EManifold Assembly
LManifold Assembly
2
1
3
Pairing E and L manifolds
6. Insert the center unification bracket provided with the E
manifold into the space on the inner handles of each manifold
plate and push the center unification bracket down until it clicks
into place, securely inter-locking the E and L manifolds. The
center unification bracket should self-align in the features used
to position it.
NOTE Both manifolds must be on the same flat surface to
allow the center unification bracket to seat correctly
and the four tabs on the bottom corners of the center
unification bracket must lock under the plate inner
handles, securely locking together the two manifold
units.
Gently push the center
unification bracket down:
Center unification bracket clicks
and secures manifolds:
Inserting the center unification bracket
7. Once all connectors have been paired between the manifolds
and to the TFF smart system and the center unification bracket
is in place, pull the membrane tabs from the AseptiQuik® L
connectors by following the manufacturer's instructions to
complete the flow path through the filtration unit.

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 11
Integrity Testing
Optional integrity testing of the Pellicon® capsule may be performed
on a water-wet membrane. Buffer or process solution should not be
used for integrity testing as integrity test results can be significantly
altered.
P
P
P
Pellicon®
Capsule
Pressure
Regulator
Compressed
Air
To Drain
or Waste
Feed
Retentate
Permeate
Integrity test set up
1. Drain the capsule.
2. Attach an airline with pressure regulator to the retentate line or
directly to the retentate port of the capsule.
3. Open feed, retentate (as needed), and permeate valves.
4. Start air flow to the capsule; adjust air pressure to 3 to 5 psi
using the pressure regulator.
5. Allow residual water from the device to be expelled from the feed
and permeate lines for 1 to 3 minutes.
6. Close the feed valve.
7. Increase pressure to 30 psi and wait 3 to 5 minutes for air flow
in the permeate line to stabilize.
Air Integrity Test Specifications Ultracel® 30 kD Membrane
Air Flow Rate (cc/min) at 30 psig
0.1 m2Capsule 0.5 m2Capsule 1.5 m2Capsule
≤ 14 ≤ 70 ≤ 210
NOTE Do not exceed the recommended air pressure as this
may result in excessively high air flow (a false failure).
Rewet the membrane if this occurs.
8. Measure the air flow rate by using an air flow meter or by
measuring the change in air volume in a submerged and inverted
graduated cylinder as a function of time.
To measure by inverted graduated cylinder method, submerge
graduated cylinder in water container, removing all air from the
cylinder. Hold the cylinder inverted with the top of the cylinder
approximately two inches below the surface of the water.
Submerge the permeate line into the water container directly
beneath the opening of the graduated cylinder. Record volume
of air collected into the graduated cylinder and total time of air
collection. Calculate the volume of air collected per minute.
9. Reduce air flow/pressure to the capsule and open feed valve to
vent air pressure from the capsule.
10. Compare the measured air flow rate to the specified value on
the Certificate of Quality or in the table above. If the measured
air flow rate is equal or less than the maximum specified value,
the capsule may be used for processing. If the measured air flow
rate exceeds the specified value, refer to Troubleshooting.

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 12
Conditioning Flush
Pellicon® capsules are wetted with purified water, then gamma
sterilized prior to shipment. Flushing removes the storage water
present in the shipped product, and can be performed with
either water for injection (WFI) or conditioning buffer. A flush
volume of 20 L per m2of membrane area is recommended. For a
streamlined process, a conditioning flush with processing buffer will
simultaneously remove residuals from the filter and tubing as well as
equilibrate the system to ensure its proper condition before product
processing.
1. Fill the feed tank with an appropriate amount of clean water or
buffer for the installed Pellicon® capsule membrane area.
2. Direct the retentate and permeate lines to a waste container or
to drain, with the permeate and retentate valves fully open.
3. Turn on the feed pump and pump fluid into the feed port of the
Pellicon® capsule at the recommended feed flow rate.
4. Once the retentate flow has been established, partially close the
retentate valve to achieve a permeate flow that is 30-50% of
the feed flow.
5. Flush until the target volume has been pumped through the
capsule. Leave the capsule and tubing full of conditioning buffer.
Leave enough buffer in the feed tank to submerge the retentate
return line.
6. At the end of the flush, turn off the feed pump and fully open
the retentate valve.
Pump
Feed
Feed
Tank
Retentate
Permeate
P
P
to Drain
or Waste
Pellicon®
Capsule
Conditioning set up

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 13
Product Processing
Always avoid stress such as impact and pulling at connection points
during use. Capsule manifolds must not be lifted or carried by the
tubing assemblies.
Concentration
The following instructions are meant to serve as a guide. Procedures
and conditions should be confirmed by the end user while using a
feed stream and optimized conditions representative of their specific
application.
The following instructions apply to batch processes where a
recirculation loop is used. For single-pass operation, adjust the
installation assembly as required.
1. Install the Pellicon® capsule and condition the system by
flushing with processing buffer. Leave capsule and tubing full
of conditioning buffer. Leave enough buffer in feed tank to
submerge the retentate return line.
2. Add the product to the feed tank.
3. Fully open the retentate and permeate valves.
4. Direct the retentate and permeate lines to the feed tank.
5. Turn the feed pump on and slowly adjust the pump speed.
Partially close the retentate valve to achieve the target feed flow
rate and optimum transmembrane pressure (TMP). The optimum
feed flow rate and TMP will depend on the solution being filtered
and are determined experimentally. Typical operating conditions
are in the table below.
Typical Operating Conditions for a Batch Process
Membrane Feed Flow Rate Retentate Pressure
Ultracel® 30 kD 4 to 8
L/min/m2
0.7 to 1.4 bar
10 to 20 psi
6. Direct the permeate to a waste container or to drain to
concentrate product.
7. Record the feed and permeate flow rate; feed, retentate,
and permeate pressures; and temperature throughout the
concentration process.
8. After reaching the target concentration, fully open the retentate
valve and fully close the permeate valve.
Diafiltration
1. Configure the system for diafiltration with the buffer feed
and retentate lines to the tank, the permeate line to drain or
collection vessel and the retenate and permeate lines fully open.
2. Adjust TMP to achieve optimal permeate flux. For constant
volume diafiltration, adjust the buffer flow rate to be equivalent
to the permeate flow rate.
3. Diafilter the product with the required number of diavolumes
based on the process specifications.
Diavolume (DV or N) = Total buffer volume to permeate divided
by the retentate volume to diafilter.
4. After reaching the target diafiltration volume, fully open the
retentate valve and fully close the permeate valve.
Recovery
There are various methods for product recovery. The following
instructions give one example. Contact Technical Service for assistance
with other recovery methods.
1. Recirculate at 1 L/min/m2(feed flux) for 10 minutes with the
retentate valve open and permeate valve closed.
2. Recover product from the feed tank by draining or by pumping
out through the retentate line to the recovery vessel.
3. Add at least one hold-up volume of buffer to feed tank then
pump out system to recover additional product.
4. Disconnect the Pellicon® capsule and tubing from the system and
discard according to local regulations.

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 14
Pellicon® Capsule Stand
Installation
The Pellicon® capsule stand accommodates up to two 0.1 m2capsules in parallel or three 0.1 m2capsules in series on one side and one 0.5 m2
capsule or one 1 m2manifold on the opposite side. Install the capsules on the stand by pushing the capsules into the clamps.
0.5 m2capsule installed on
a Pellicon® capsule stand
Two 0.1 m2capsules installed
on a Pellicon® capsule stand
Three 0.1 m2capsules installed
on a Pellicon® capsule stand
1 m2capsule manifold installed
on a Pellicon® capsule stand

Pellicon®Capsule and Pellicon®Capsule Stand User Guide 15
Troubleshooting
Problem Possible Cause Remedy
Tubing/fitting leaks
Tubing split or fitting
damaged Replace damaged part.
Tubing not fully inserted
into fitting
Cut end squarely and insert
fully into fitting.
The threads of NPT
fitting not wrapped with
PTFE tape
Tape with PTFE tape.
Misaligned, defective, or
missing seal
Inspect, re-seat, replace
missing component.
Loose clamp Tighten clamp.
Oversized clamp Replace with smaller
diameter clamp.
AseptiQuik® G or L
Connector halves not
connected properly or
misaligned.
Refer to the manufacturer's
instructions.
Capsule housing
leak Damaged housing Replace capsule.
Immediate complete
pressure loss Tubing or fitting leaks See Remedies under Tubing/fitting leaks.
Foaming in system
Fitting leak allowing
aspiration of air into
system
See Remedies under
Tubing/fitting leaks.
Feed line sucking air Ensure feed line is fixed
below fluid/air interface.
Vortex in feed container
Add a baffle to break
vortex, reduce mixing
speed, redirect return line,
or increase volume in tank.
Retentate splashing Secure retentate line below
fluid level.
Pump cavitation
Check feed tubing to pump
connection for obstruction;
remove obstruction or
replace damaged/collapsed
tubing.
Problem Possible Cause Remedy
Low retention Membrane damaged
Replace filter. Determine cause
to avoid recurrence. Physical
damage, such as exceeding
permeate backpressure limits
may cause damage to the
membrane.
Integrity test
failure
Areas of membrane
incompletely wetted
Flush with water and retest.
Ensure pump size meets
flow requirement and
achieves target retentate
pressure.
Membrane damaged
Replace filter. Determine cause
to avoid recurrence. Physical
damage, such as exceeding
permeate backpressure limits
may cause damage to the
membrane.
Filter element damaged
Replace filter. Determine
cause to avoid recurrence.
Do not exceed maximum
operating conditions or
solvent levels.
High pressure
in capsule from
protein processing
Foam in system
See remedy under Foaming
in system. Let system sit to
allow gas to coalesce and
leave feed tank and capsule
(pump out with retentate
valve fully open).
Plugging of filter
Try to remove with forward
and reverse flushing.
Determine cause to avoid
recurrence. Cause may
include inadequate pre-
filtration of feed stock or
generation of particles
during process, e.g. from
precipitation or shedding.

For more information and
documentation please contact:
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Corporation with General Partners
Frankfurter Str. 250
64293 Darmstadt, Germany
Phone: + 49 6151-3599 300
For requests from USA and Canada
please contact:
MilliporeSigma
A subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
400 Wheeler Rd
Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: [phone]
www.sigma-aldrich.com
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