Optika Italy M-1157 User manual

Model
M-1157
ACCESSORIES Series
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Ver. 1.0 2019

Page 2
1. Warning 3
2. Intended use 3
3. Unpacking 3
4. Condenser overview 4
4.1 Condenser 5
4.2 Top lenses 5
4.3 Optical inserts 6
5. Assembling 7
5.1 Assembling the top lens 7
5.2 Installing optical inserts 7
5.3 Use of indicator markers 9
5.4 Installing the condenser 9
5.5 Centering the condenser 9
6. Observation 10
6.1 Brighteldobservation(BF) 10
6.2 Darkeldobervation(DF) 11
6.3 PhaseContrastobservation(PH) 12
6.4 SimplePolarizedLightobservation(PO) 13
6.5 Di󰀨erentialInterferenceContrastNomarski(DIC) 14
7. Observation modes and usable objectives 16
8. Troubleshooting 17
Summary

Page 3
1. Warning
This system is a scientic precision instrument designed to last for many years with a minimum of maintenance.
It is built to high optical and mechanical standards and to withstand daily use. We remind you that this manual
contains important information on safety and maintenance, and that it must therefore be made accessible to the
instrument users.
We decline any responsibility deriving from incorrect instrument use uses that does not comply with this manual.
2. Intended use
Standard models
For research and teaching use only. Not intended for any animal or human therapeutic or diagnostic use.
IVD Models
Also for diagnostic use, aimed at obtaining information on the physiological or pathological situation of the
subject.
3. Unpacking
The device is housed in a proper packaging. Take some care to avoid that the optical items fall out and get dam-
aged. Lift the system from the container and put it on a stable desk.
Do not touch with bare hands optical surfaces such as lenses, lters or glasses. Traces of grease or
other residuals may deteriorate the nal image quality and corrode the optics surface in a short time.

Page 4
4. Condenser overview
TOP LENS
HOUSING
APERTURE
DIAPHRAGM
LEVER
APERTURE
DIAPHRAGM
SCALE
OPTICAL INSERTS
CENTERING SCREWS
OPTICAL INSERTS
HOUSINGS
TOP LENS
MOVEMENT
LEVER
POLARIZER SLIDER
LOCKING SCREW
ROTATING
POLARIZER
LOCKING SCREW
POLARIZER
ROTATION
POLARIZER SLIDER
MOVEMENT LEVER
POLARIZER
ROTATION KNOB

Page 5
① Condenser ② Magnetick stickers
①
②
The universal condenser M-1157 allows observation with di󰀨erent methods:
Brighteld, Darkeld, Phase Contrast, Simple Polarized Light, Di󰀨erential Interference Contrast Nomarski (DIC).
The conguration of the condenser varies according to the chosen observation methods.
Once opened the box, the system parts are the following:
① Top lens 0.2
② Top lens 0.9
③ Top lens 1.4
③
①
②
4.1 Condenser
4.2 Top lenses

Page 6
4.3 Optical inserts
See paragraph 7 for usable objectives.
① Phase Contrast inserts
SL1: PH ring 10X/20X
SL2: PH ring 40X/60
SL3: PH ring 100X
SL4: PH ring 4X
② Darkeld inserts
DF: darkeld ring “dry”
DF OIL: darkeld ring “oil”
③ DIC inserts
U-DIC10: DIC prism 10X
U-DIC20: DIC prism 20X
U-DIC40/60: DIC prism 40X / 60X
③
①
②

Page 7
5. Assembling
5.1 Assembling the top lens
• Depending on the observation needs, use a top
lens dedicated to the observation method or
objectives used.
1. Fully screw the desired top lens onto the housing.
(Fig. 1)
• Avoid excessively forcing when screwing in.
FFig. 1ig. 1
FFig. 3ig. 3
②
FFig. 2ig. 2
①
*) The A.N. with the objectives 60X and 100X may be
slightly insu󰀩cient without a󰀨ecting the observation.
(**) Only for observation with oil.
5.2 Installing optical inserts
1. Using the Allen key supplied with the microscope,
unscrew the xing screw ① of the condenser cov-
er. (Fig. 2)
2. Remove the condenser cover to access the hous-
ings of the optical inserts.
3. Insert the optical insert into one of the available
housings.
• To mount the inserts see the following table.
Only for DIC inserts
• Each condenser housing has a small alignment
notch ②. (Fig. 3)
1. Align the foot on the underside of the DIC prism
③ (Fig. 4) with the notch on the condenser ②.
• Do not touch the DIC prism during assembly.
Top lens Usable objectives
0.2 2X
0.9 4X - 100X (*)
1.4 (**) 100X

Page 8
2. Place the insert. (Fig. 5)
3. Replace the cover and tighten the xing screw ①.
(Fig. 2)
FFig. 4ig. 4
③②
FFig. 5ig. 5
FFig. 6ig. 6
(*) DIC prisms can be installed also in the positions
4 and 8.
Observation
Mode Insert Condenser position
PH SL1, SL2, SL3,
SL4 1 - 2 - 3
DF DF, DF OIL 4, 8
DIC U-DIC10, U-DIC20,
U-DIC 40/60 5 - 6 - 7 (*)

Page 9
5.3 Use of indicator markers
• Once the inserts are installed, use the magnetic
markers to quickly identify the position of each
single inserto.
1. Align the positioning number of the optical insert
installed in the condenser ② with the reference
number ① on the cover (Fig. 7) and then apply
the magnetic marker.
• When one of the eight available capacitor posi-
tions is inserted, a dot “¡” appears inside the cor-
responding window on the condenser cover. This
indicates that the optical insert installed in that
position is currently present in the optical path.
5.4 Installing the condenser
• Refer to the instruction manual of the microscope.
1. Raise the stage with the coarse focusing knob,
avoiding contact with the objectives.
2. Lower the condenser holder using the condenser
height adjustment knob.
3. If necessary, lower the top lens.
4. Loosen the condenser locking screw ③. (Fig. 8)
5. Insert the condenser into the condenser holder
and place the alignment pin in the groove on the
back of the condenser holder.
6. Tighten the condenser xing screw.
5.5 Centering the condenser
• Refer to the instruction manual of the microscope.
1. Place the specimen on the stage, insert 10x
objective into the light path and focus.
2. Insert the front lens of the swing-out condenser
①. (Fig. 9)
3. Rotate the eld diaphragm ring ②in
counterclockwise direction, to fully close the
diaphragm.
4. Rotate the condenser height adjustment knob ③
to focus the edges of the diaphragm.
5. Rotate the two centering screws ④ to bring the
bright spot in the center of the eld of view.
6. Gradually open the diaphragm. The condenser
is centered when the diaphragm image is
symmetrical to the eld of view.(Fig. 10)
7. In normal use, open the diaphragm until it
circoscribes the eld of view.
FFig. 10ig. 10
FFig. 9ig. 9
②
③①
④
FFig. 7ig. 7
①
②
FFig. 8ig. 8
③

Page 10
6. Observation
6.1 Brighteldobservation(BF)
• Usableobjectiveswithdi󰀨erenttoplenses
Objective 2X 4X 10X 20X 40X 60X 100X
Top lens
0.2
Top lens position
¡------
IN -
0.9
Top lens position
¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡*¡*
OUT IN
1.4
Top lens position
-----¡ ¡
OUT IN
• Removeallltersfromtheopticalpath.
1. Rotate the condenser turret to enter the “BF”
position (no optical insert in the optical path).
2. Pull the lever of the polarizer ① to remove it from
the optical path. (Fig. 11)
3. Follow the indications in the table “Usable
objectives with dierent top lenses” to optimize
the observation.
• When the top lens is removed, the eld diaphragm
functions as an aperture diaphragm.
4. Place a specimen on the stage.
5. Focus the specimen.
6. Begin the observation.
7. Adjust the aperture diaphragm according to the
type of sample to optimize image quality.
• Using the oil top lens, read the upper scale
ofthe condenser(indicated by“OIL”),while
using the dry top lenses, read the lower scale.
(Fig.12)
FFig. 12ig. 12
FFig. 11ig. 11
①

Page 11
6.2 Darkeldobervation(DF)
• Usableobjectiveswithdi󰀨erentinserts
(*)Forobservationwitha100Xobjectiveindarkeldoilwerecommendtheuseofa100Xoilobjective
with iris.
Objective 4X 10X 20X 40X 60X 100X
Insert
DF
Top lens position
-¡ ¡ ¡ - -
OUT IN - -
DF OIL
Top lens position
- - - - ¡ ¡(*)
OUT - IN
• Removeallltersfromtheopticalpath.
1. Rotate the condenser turret to enter the “DF”
position.
2. Pull the lever of the polarizer ① to remove it from
the optical path. (Fig. 11)
3. Place a specimen on the stage and focus the
specimen.
4. Observing in the eyepieces, lower or raise the
condenser until a homogeneous illumination of
the sample is obtained and therefore an optimal
dark eld e󰀨ect is achieved.
5. Using the centering screws on the condenser ①
(Fig. 13) centre the dark eld ring until the eld of
view is evenly illuminated.
• Darkeld requires a huge amount of light.
Switching from darkeld to brighteld, one
could be dazzled. Do not keep your eyes on
the eyepieces when moving the condenser
turretfromDFtoBF.
• “Dry” darkeld observation, that is, without
the use of oil, is only possible with objectives
with N.A. lower than 0,7.
• Observingindarkeld,itmaybenecessaryto
slightly raise the condenser from the normal
position to obtain a more homogeneous
illumination. This is not a defect.
FFig. 13ig. 13
①

Page 12
6.3 PhaseContrastobservation(PH)
• Usableobjectiveswithdi󰀨erentphaserings
• Removeallltersfromtheopticalpath.
1. Pull the lever of the polarizer ① to remove it from
the optical path. (Fig. 11)
2. Rotate the condenser turret to enter the position
relative to the needed phase ring (SL1, SL2, SL3,
SL4).
• Follow the indications in the table “Usable
objectives with dierent phase rings” for objective/
ring compatibility.
3. Insert the objective corresponding to the ring into
the optical path.
4. Place a specimen on the stage and focus the
specimen.
5. Remove one eyepiece and insert the centering
telescope. (Fig. 14)
6. Rotate the upper part of the centering telescope
until the two phase rings (one dark and one bright)
visible in the telescope are in focus. (Fig. 14-15)
7. Using centering screws on the condenser ① (Fig.
13), center the phase rings to make the bright ring
② be concentric to the dark ring ③. (Fig. 16)
8. Repeat the same operation with other objectives
to check the ring centering.
9. At the end remove the centering telescope,
reinstall the eyepiece and begin observation.
• With 40x and 100x objectives it may be useful
to slightly raise the condenser, to obtain a
better projection of the phase rings. This is
not a defect.
Objective 4X 10X 20X 40X 60X 100X
Ring
SL1
Top lens position
-¡ ¡ - - -
OUT IN - - -
SL2
Top lens position
---¡ ¡ -
OUT - IN -
SL3
Top lens position
-----¡
OUT - - - - IN
SL4
Top lens position
¡- - - - -
IN - - - - -
FFig. 14ig. 14
UPPER PART OF
CENTERING
TELESCOPE
FFig. 16ig. 16
FFig. 15ig. 15
③
②

Page 13
6.4 SimplePolarizedLightobservation(PO)
• Usable objectives
Objective 2X 4X 10X 20X 40X 60X 100X
0.9
Top lens position
r¡¡¡¡¡¡
OUT IN
• For simple polarized light observation, a transmit-
ted light analyzer is required.
1. Rotate the condenser turret to enter the “BF”
position (no optical insert in the optical path).
2. Remove the dummy slider from the nosepiece
and insert the analyzer into the dummy slider,
then insert the ① assembly into the slot ②. (Fig.
17)
3. Push the lever of the polarizer ③ to insert it in the
optical path. (Fig. 18)
4. Remove the specimen from the stage.
5. Loosen the polarizer rotation xing screw ④. (Fig.
18)
6. Turn the polarizer wheel ⑤ under the condenser
(Fig. 19) to achieve maximum darkening of the
eyepieces, and then tighten the polarizer rotation
locking screw ④.
7. Place the sample on the stage and focus.
8. Begin observation.
FFig. 17ig. 17
①
②
FFig. 18ig. 18
④
FFig. 19ig. 19
⑤
③

Page 14
6.5 Di󰀨erentialInterferenceContrastNomarskiObservation(DIC)
• Usableobjectiveswithdi󰀨erentDICinserts
Objective 10X 20X 40X 60X
Insert
DIC10 ¡- - -
DIC20 -¡- -
DIC40/60 - - ¡ ¡
The Nomarski DIC observation in transmitted light re-
quires the kit consisting of the following accessories:
Universal condenser ① (containing the dedicated
DIC prisms according to the objectives in use), trans-
mitted light Analyzer ②, DIC slider ③. (Fig. 20)
1. Rotate the condenser turret to enter the “BF”
position (no optical insert in the optical path).
2. Using the knob ④, insert the built-in polarizer into
the condenser and loosen the polarizer rotation
xing screw ⑤. (Fig. 21)
3. Remove the dummy slider from the nosepiece
and insert the analyzer into the dummy slider,
then insert the ⑥ assembly into the slot ⑦. (Fig.
22)
FFig. 21ig. 21
⑤
④
FFig. 20ig. 20
③
②
①
FFig. 22ig. 22
⑥
⑦

Page 15
FFig. 23ig. 23
FFig. 24ig. 24
FFig. 25ig. 25
FFig. 26ig. 26
⑧
⑤
⑩
⑨
⑦
⑪
4. Remove the specimen from the stage.
5. Turn the polarizer knob ⑧ under the condenser
to achieve maximum darkening of the eyepieces,
and then tighten the polarizer locking screw ⑤.
(Fig. 23)
6. Once the maximum darkening is achieved, re-
move the slider from the nosepiece, remove the
analyzer from the dummy slider and insert it into
the DIC prism. Now insert the DIC slider ⑨ into
the slot ⑦. (Fig. 24)
7. Rotate the condenser turret ⑩ to insert the DIC
prism matching the objective in use. (Fig. 25)
8. Put a specimen on the stage and focus.
9. Begin the observation by turning the knob on the
DIC slider ⑪ to obtain a three-dimensional e󰀨ect
of the sample. (Fig. 26)

Page 16
7. Observation modes and usable objectives
(*)Forobservationwitha100Xobjectiveindarkeldoilwerecommendtheuseofa100Xoilobjective
with iris.
Observation
mode Insert Usable objectives
BF -- IOS W-PLAN, IOS W-PLAN F, IOS U-PLAN F, IOS U-PLAN F PH, IOS U-PLAN F
APO
DF DF / DF OIL(*) IOS W-PLAN, IOS W-PLAN F, IOS U-PLAN F, IOS U-PLAN F APO
PH SL1, SL2,
SL3, SL4 IOS U-PLAN F PH
PO -- IOS W-PLAN, IOS W-PLAN F, IOS U-PLAN F, IOS U-PLAN F PH,
IOS U-PLAN F APO
DIC DIC10, DIC20,
DIC40/60 IOS U-PLAN F, IOS U-PLAN F APO

Page 17
8. Troubleshooting
Review the information in the table below to solve operating problems.
PROBLEM CAUSE SOLUTION
When using 10x to 100x objectives,
the eld diaphragm image does not
appear.
The slide is too thick Use slides with a thickness not ex-
ceeding 1.2 mm
Top lens is not in Put the top lens in the light path
In bright eld the image is too bright
and with low resolution Aperture diaphragm too closed Open aperture diaphragm in a proper way
Top lens is not in Put the top lens in the light path
Condenser phase ring does not over-
lap to the objective phase ring An incorrect insert is inserted in the op- tical path Rotate the condenser turret to insert the appropriate optical insert for your
objective
The objective does not match the
phase ring in use Use the objective corresponding to the phase ring
Contrast in darkeld is poor Top lens is not in Put the top lens in the light path
Aperture diaphragm is closed Fully open the aperture diaphragm
An incorrect insert is inserted in the op-
tical path Rotate the condenser turret to insert the appropriate optical insert for your
objective
You’re using an inappropriate objective See paragraph 7. “Observation modes
and usable objectives”.
Darkfield ring not well centered Center the ring correctly
Image quality when observing in polar-
ized light is not high Polarizer is not inserted in the optical path Insert the polarizer in the optical path
Analyzer is not inserted in the optical
path Insert the analyzer in the optical path
One insert is present in the optical path Remove the insert from the optical path
While observing in DIC you can not
see the typical interference colors Polarizer is not inserted in the optical path Insert the polarizer in the optical path
Analyzer is not inserted in the optical
path Insert the analyzer in the optical path
DIC prism is not inserted in the optical
path Insert the DIC prism in the optical path
DIC slider is not inserted in the optical
path Insert the DIC slider in the optical path
Polarizer and analyzer are not in the
total extinction position (crossed Nicol) Reposition the polarizer
While observing in DIC the typical in-
terference colors are not homogene-
ous
The condenser is not well centered or
is at an incorrect height Adjust the condenser according to Koehler’s setting
An incorrect insert is inserted in the op-
tical path Rotate the condenser turret to insert the appropriate optical insert for your
objective
You’re using an inappropriate objective See paragraph 7. “Observation modes
and usable objectives”.

OPTIKA S.r.l.
Via Rigla, 30 - 24010 Ponteranica (BG) - ITALY Tel.: [phone]
[email protected] - www.optikamicroscopes.com
OPTIKA Spain
[email protected]
OPTIKA USA
[email protected]
OPTIKA China
[email protected]
OPTIKA India
[email protected]
OPTIKA Central America
[email protected]
®
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Modello
M-1157
Serie ACCESSORI
MANUALE DI ISTRUZIONI
Ver. 1.0 2019

Pagina 20
1. Avvertenza 21
2. Utilizzo previsto 21
3. Disimballaggio 21
4. Descrizione del condensatore 22
4.1 Condensatore 23
4.2 Lenti frontali 23
4.3 Inserti ottici 24
5. Assemblaggio 25
5.1 Montaggio della lente frontale 25
5.2 Montaggio degli inserti ottici 25
5.3 Uso dei segnalini indicatori 27
5.4 Montaggio del condensatore 27
5.5 Centraggio del condensatore 27
6. Osservazione 28
6.1 OsservazioneinCampoChiaro(BF) 28
6.2 OsservazioneinCampoScuro(DF) 29
6.3 OsservazioneinContrastodiFase(PH) 30
6.4 OsservazioneinLucePolarizzataSemplice(PO) 31
6.5 OsservazioneinContrastoInterferenzialeDI󰀨erenzialeNomarski(DIC) 32
7. Modi di osservazione ed obiettivi utilizzabili 34
8. Guida alla risoluzione dei problemi 35
Sommario