Pepperl+Fuchs Pulscon LTC57 User manual

ISO9001
3
Pulscon LTC57
PROFIBUS PA
Guided Level Radar
Level measurement in bulk solids
PROCESS AUTOMATION
MANUAL

With regard to the supply of products, the current issue of the following document is applicable:
The General Terms of Delivery for Products and Services of the Electrical Industry,
published by the Central Association of the Electrical Industry (Zentralverband Elektrotechnik und
Elektroindustrie (ZVEI) e.V.) in its most recent version as well as the supplementary clause:
"Expanded reservation of proprietorship"
Pulscon LTC57 PROFIBUS PA

Pulscon LTC57 PROFIBUS PA
Content
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1 Important document information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.1 Document function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3 Supplementary documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 Basic safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1 Requirements for the personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Designated use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3 Workplace safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4 Operational safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.5 Product safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3 Product description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2 Registered trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4 Incoming acceptance and product identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1 Incoming acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 Product identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5 Storage, Transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.1 Storage conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2 Transport product to the measuring point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6 Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.1 Mounting requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.2 Mounting the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.3 Post-installation check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7 Electrical connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.1 Connection conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.2 Connecting the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
7.3 Post-connection check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

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Content
8 Operating options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
8.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
8.2 Structure and function of the operating menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
8.3 Display and operating module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
9 Integration into a PROFIBUS network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
9.1 Overview of the device database files (GSD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
9.2 Set device address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10 Commissioning (via operating menu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
10.1 Installation and function check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
10.2 Setting the operating language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
10.3 Configuration of a level measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
10.4 Recording the reference curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
10.5 Configuration of the on-site display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
10.6 Configuration management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
10.7 Protection of the settings against unauthorized changes. . . . . . . . . 71
11 Diagnostics and troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
11.1 General trouble shooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
11.2 Diagnostic information on local display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
11.3 Diagnostic event in the operating tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
11.4 Diagnostic list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
11.5 List of diagnostic events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
11.6 Event logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
11.7 Firmware history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
12 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
12.1 Exterior cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

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13 Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
13.1 General information on repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
13.2 Spare parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
13.3 Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
13.4 Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
14 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
14.1 Device-specific accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
14.2 Communication-specific accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
14.3 Service-specific accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
14.4 System components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
15 Operating menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
15.1 Overview of the operating menu (display module). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
15.2 Overview of the operating menu (operating tool) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
15.3 Setup menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
15.4 Diagnostics menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

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Important document information
1 Important document information
1.1 Document function
These Operating Instructions contain all the information that is required in various phases of
the life cycle of the device: from product identification, incoming acceptance and storage, to
mounting, connection, operation and commissioning through to troubleshooting, maintenance
and disposal.
1.2 Symbols
1.2.1 Symbols used
This document contains information that you must read for your own personal safety and to
avoid property damage. Depending on the risk level, the warning messages are displayed in
descending order as follows:
Safety-relevant symbols
Informative symbols
Action
This symbol indicates a paragraph with instructions.
Danger!
This symbol indicates an imminent danger.
Non-observance will result in personal injury or death.
Warning!
This symbol indicates a possible fault or danger.
Non-observance may cause personal injury or serious property damage.
Caution!
This symbol indicates a possible fault.
Non-observance could interrupt the device and any connected systems and plants, or result in
their complete failure.
Note!
This symbol brings important information to your attention.

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Important document information
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1.2.2 Electrical symbols
1.2.3 Tool symbols
Symbol Meaning
Direct current
A terminal to which DC voltage is applied or through which direct
current flows.
Alternating current
A terminal to which alternating voltage is applied or through which
alternating current flows.
Direct current and alternating current
• A terminal to which alternating voltage or DC voltage is applied.
• A terminal through which alternating current or direct current
flows.
Ground connection
A grounded terminal which, as far as the operator is concerned, is
grounded via a grounding system.
Protective ground connection
A terminal which must be connected to ground prior to establishing
any other connections.
Equipotential connection
A connection that has to be connected to the plant grounding
system: This may be a potential equalization line or a star grounding
system depending on national or company codes of practice.
Table 1.1
)
*
Symbol Meaning
Torx screwdriver
Flat blade screwdriver
Cross-head screwdriver
Allen key
Hexagon wrench
Table 1.2

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Important document information
1.2.4 Symbols for certain types of information
1.2.5 Symbols in graphics
1.2.6 Symbols at the device
Symbol Meaning
Allowed
Indicates procedures, processes or actions that are allowed.
Preferred
Indicates procedures, processes or actions that are preferred.
Forbidden
Indicates procedures, processes or actions that are forbidden.
Series of steps
Result of a sequence of actions
Table 1.3
,… ,1. 2. 3.
Symbol Meaning
1, 2, 3 ... Item numbers
Series of steps
A, B, C, ... Views
A-A, B-B, C-C, ... Sections
Hazardous area
Indicates a hazardous area.
Safe area (non-hazardous area)
Indicates a non-hazardous location.
Table 1.4
,… ,1. 2. 3.
-
.
Symbol Meaning
Safety instructions
Observe the safety instructions contained in the associated
Operating Instructions.
Temperature resistance of the connection cables
Specifies the minimum value of the temperature resistance of the
connection cables.
Table 1.5

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Important document information
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1.3 Supplementary documentation
1.3.1 Safety documentation
Depending on the approval, the following Safety instructions (SI) are supplied with the device.
They are an integral part of the Operating instructions.
Safety instructions (SI)
Document Purpose and content of the document
Technical Information
TI01004O (LTC57)
Planning aid for your device
The document contains all the technical data on the device
and provides an overview of the accessories and other
products that can be ordered for the device.
Brief Operating Instructions
KA01073O (LTC57,
PROFIBUS PA)
Guide that takes you quickly to the 1st measured value
The Brief Operating Instructions contain all the essential
information from incoming acceptance to initial
commissioning.
Description of Device
Parameters
GP01001O (LTC5X,
PROFIBUS PA)
Reference for your parameters
The document provides a detailed explanation of each
individual parameter in the operating menu. The description
is aimed at those who work with the device over the entire life
cycle and perform specific configurations.
Table 1.6
Note!
For an overview of the scope of the associated Technical Documentation, refer to
www.pepperl-fuchs.com.
Feature
"Approval"
Approval Feature "Electrical output"
Option IH
a
Option ID
b
Option IE
c
Option PA
d
Option AH
e
Option DH
f
E1 ATEX II 1G Ex ia IIC T6-
T1 Ga
SI00496O SI01125O SI01126O SI00516O –
EX ATEX II 1/2G Ex ia IIC T6-
T1 Ga/Gb
SI00496O SI01125O SI01126O SI00516O –
S3 ATEX II 1D Ex ta IIIC
T
500
xx°C Da
SI00501O SI00501O SI00501O SI00521O SI00501O
S4 ATEX II 1/2D Ex ta IIIC
Txx°C Da/Db
SI00501O SI00501O SI00501O SI00521O SI00501O
E3 ATEX II 3G Ex nA IIC T6-
T1 Gc
SI00498O SI01130O SI01131O SI00518O SI01132O
E4 ATEX II 3G Ex ic IIC T6-T1
Gc
SI00498O SI01130O SI01131O SI00518O –
SX ATEX II 1/2G Ex ia IIC T6-
T1 Ga/Gb
ATEX II 1/2D Ex ia IIIC
Txx°C Da/Db
SI00502O SI00502O SI00502O SI00522O –
EG ATEX II 1/2G Ex d [ia] IIC
T6-T1 Ga/Gb
ATEX II 1/2D Ex ta IIIC
Txx°C Da/Db
SI00503O SI00503O SI00503O SI00523O SI01136O

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Important document information
CD CSA C/US DIP Cl.II,III
Div.1 Gr.E-G
SI00529O SI00529O SI00529O SI00570O SI00529O
C1 CSA C/US IS Cl.I,II,III
Div.1 Gr.A-G, NI Cl.1
Div.2, Ex ia
SI00530O SI00530O SI00530O SI00571O SI00530O
C2 CSA C/US XP Cl.I,II,III
Div.1 Gr.A-G, NI Cl.1
Div.2, Ex d
SI00529O SI00529O SI00529O SI00570O SI00529O
FI FM IS Cl.I,II,III Div.1 Gr.A-
G, AEx ia, NI Cl.1 Div.2
SI00531O SI00531O SI00531O SI00573O SI00531O
FN FM XP Cl.I,II,III Div.1
Gr.A-G, AEx d, NI Cl.1
Div.2
SI00532O SI00532O SI00532O SI00572O SI00532O
FE FM DIP Cl.II,III Div.1 Gr.E-
G
SI00532O SI00532O SI00532O SI00572O SI00532O
IA IECEx Ex ia IIC T6-T1 Ga SI00496O SI01125O SI01126O SI00516O –
IB IECEx Ex ia IIC T6-T1
Ga/Gb
SI00496O SI01125O SI01126O SI00516O –
IE IECEx Ex ta IIIC T
500
xx°C
Da
SI00501O SI00501O SI00501O SI00521O SI00501O
IF IECEx Ex ta IIIC Txx°C
Da/Db
SI00501O SI00501O SI00501O SI00521O SI00501O
IG IECEx Ex nA IIC T6-T1 Gc SI00498O SI01130O SI01131O SI00518O SI01132O
IH IECEx Ex ic IIC T6-T1 Gc SI00498O SI01130O SI01131O SI00518O –
Table 1.7
a
Option IH: 2-wire, 4 ... 20 mA, HART
b
Option ID: 2-wire, 4 ... 20 mA, HART, switching output
c
Option IE: 2-wire, 4 ... 20 mA, HART, 4 ... 20 mA
d
Option PA: 2-wire, PROFIBUS PA, switching output
e
Option AH: 4-wire, 90 ... 253 V AC, 4 ... 20 mA, HART
f
Option DH: 4-wire, 10.4 ... 48 V DC, 4 ... 20 mA, HART
Note!
For certified devices the relevant Safety instructions (SI) are indicated on the nameplate.
Feature
"Approval"
Approval Feature "Electrical output"
Option IH
a
Option ID
b
Option IE
c
Option PA
d
Option AH
e
Option DH
f

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Basic safety instructions
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2 Basic safety instructions
2.1 Requirements for the personnel
The personnel for installation, commissioning, diagnostics and maintenance must fulfill the
following requirements:
• Trained, qualified specialists must have a relevant qualification for this specific function
and task
• Are authorized by the plant owner/operator
• Are familiar with federal/national regulations
• Before beginning work, the specialist staff must have read and understood the instructions
in the Operating Instructions and supplementary documentation as well as in the
certificates (depending on the application)
• Following instructions and basic conditions
The operating personnel must fulfill the following requirements:
• Being instructed and authorized according to the requirements of the task by the facility's
owner-operator
• Following the instructions in these Operating Instructions
2.2 Designated use
Application and measured materials
The measuring device described in these Operating Instructions is intended only for level
measurement of bulk solids. Depending on the version ordered the device can also measure
potentially explosive, flammable, poisonous and oxidizing materials.
Observing the limit values specified in the "Technical data" and listed in the Operating
Instructions and supplementary documentation, the measuring device may be used for the
following measurements only:
• Measured process variable: Level
• Calculated process variables: Volume or mass in arbitrarily shaped vessels (calculated
from the level by the linearization functionality)
To ensure that the measuring device remains in proper condition for the operation time:
• Use the measuring device only for measured materials against which the process-wetted
materials are adequately resistant.
• Observe the limit values in "Technical data".
Incorrect use
The manufacturer is not liable for damage caused by improper or non-designated use.
Verification for borderline cases:
• For special measured materials and cleaning agents, Pepperl+Fuchs is glad to provide
assistance in verifying the corrosion resistance of wetted materials, but does not accept
any warranty or liability.

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Basic safety instructions
Residual risk
The electronics housing and its built-in components such as display module, main electronics
module and I/O electronics module may heat to 80 °C (176 °F) during operation through heat
transfer from the process as well as power dissipation within the electronics. During operation
the sensor may assume a temperature near the temperature of the measured material.
Danger of burns due to heated surfaces!
• For high process temperatures: Install protection against contact in order to prevent burns.
2.3 Workplace safety
For work on and with the device:
• Wear the required personal protective equipment according to federal/national regulations.
2.4 Operational safety
Risk of injury.
• Operate the device in proper technical condition and fail-safe condition only.
• The operator is responsible for interference-free operation of the device.
Conversions to the device
Unauthorized modifications to the device are not permitted and can lead to unforeseeable
dangers.
• If, despite this, modifications are required, consult with the manufacturer.
Repair
To ensure continued operational safety and reliability,
• Carry out repairs on the device only if they are expressly permitted.
• Observe federal/national regulations pertaining to repair of an electrical device.
• Use original spare parts and accessories from the manufacturer only.
Hazardous area
To eliminate a danger for persons or for the facility when the device is used in the hazardous
area (e. g. explosion protection, pressure vessel safety):
• Based on the nameplate, check whether the ordered device is permitted for the intended
use in the hazardous area.
• Observe the specifications in the separate supplementary documentation that is an
integral part of these Instructions.
2.5 Product safety
This measuring device is designed in accordance with good engineering practice to meet
state-of-the-art safety requirements, has been tested, and left the factory in a condition in
which they are safe to operate.
It meets general safety standards and legal requirements. It also complies with the
EC directives listed in the device-specific EC Declaration of Conformity. Pepperl+Fuchs
confirms this by affixing the CE mark to the device.

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Product description
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3 Product description
3.1 Design
3.1.1 Device
Figure 3.1 Design
1Electronics housing
2Process connection (here as an example: flange)
3Rope probe
4End-of-probe weight
5Rod probe
1
2
5
3
4

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Product description
3.1.2 Electronics housing
Figure 3.2 Design of the electronics housing
1Electronics compartment cover
2Display module
3Main electronics module
4Cable glands (1 or 2, depending on instrument version)
5Nameplate
6I/O electronics module
7Terminals (pluggable spring terminals)
8Connection compartment cover
9Grounding terminal
Esc
–+E
123
4
5
6
9
7
8

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Product description
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3.2 Registered trademarks
HART
®
• Registered trademark of the HART Communication Foundation, Austin, USA
PROFIBUS
®
• Registered trademark of the PROFIBUS User Organization, Karlsruhe, Germany
KALREZ
®
, VITON
®
• Registered trademark of DuPont Performance Elastomers L.L.C., Wilmington, USA
TEFLON
®
• Registered trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, USA
TRI CLAMP
®
• Registered trademark of Alfa Laval Inc., Kenosha, USA

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Incoming acceptance and product identification
4 Incoming acceptance and product identification
4.1 Incoming acceptance
Is the order code on the delivery note
(1) identical to the order code on the
product sticker (2)?
Are the goods undamaged?
Do the nameplate data match the
ordering information on the delivery
note?
Is the DVD (operating tool) present?
If required (see nameplate): Are the
Safety Instructions (SI) present?
Table 4.1
Note!
If one of the conditions does not comply, contact your Pepperl+Fuchs distributor.
DELIVERY NOTE
1 = 2
DELIVERY NOTE
Made in Germany

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Incoming acceptance and product identification
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4.2 Product identification
The following options are available for identification of the measuring device:
• Nameplate specifications
• Order code with breakdown of the device features on the delivery note
• Scan the 2-D matrix code (QR code) on the nameplate: all the information for the
measuring device is displayed.
Nameplate
Figure 4.1 Nameplate
1Device name
2Address of manufacturer
3Order code
4Serial number (Ser. no.)
5Extended order code (Ext. ord. cd.)
6Process pressure
7Gas phase compensation: reference distance
8Certificate symbol
9Certificate and approval relevant data
10 Degree of protection: e. g. IP, NEMA
11 Document number of the Safety Instructions: e. g. SI, ZD, ZE
12 2-D matrix code (QR code)
13 Modification mark
14 Manufacturing date: year-month
15 Permitted temperature range for cable
16 Device revision (Dev.Rev.)
17 Additional information about the device version (certificates, approvals, communication):
e. g. SIL, PROFIBUS
18 Firmware version (FW)
19 CE mark, C-Tick
20
21
22
24
25
23
26
12
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
19
18
17
16
15
14
Ext. ord. cd.:
Order code:
Ser. no.:
LN =
Lref =
Mat.:
Date:
FW: Dev.Rev.:
DeviceID:
Ta:
if modification
see sep. label
X =
MWP:
12
11
47 (1.85)
92 (3.62)
mm (in)
13

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Incoming acceptance and product identification
20 Device ID
21 Material in contact with process
22 Permitted ambient temperature (T
amb
)
23 Size of the thread of the cable glands
24 Length of probe
25 Signal outputs
26 Operating voltage
Note!
Only 33 digits of the extended order code can be indicated on the nameplate. If the extended
order code exceeds 33 digits, the rest will not be shown. However, the complete extended
order code can be viewed in the operating menu of the device in the
Extended order code 1 to 3 parameter.

Pulscon LTC57 PROFIBUS PA
Storage, Transport
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5Storage,Transport
5.1 Storage conditions
• Permitted storage temperature: -40 ... +80 °C(-40...+176°F)
• Use the original packaging.
5.2 Transport product to the measuring point
Figure 5.1
Figure 5.2
Warning!
Risk of injury!
Housing or probe may be damaged or break away.
• Transport the measuring device to the measuring point in its original packaging or at the
process connection.
• Do not fasten lifting devices (hoisting slings, lifting eyes etc.) at the housing or the probe
but at the process connection. Take into account the mass center of the device in order to
avoid unintended tilting.
• Comply with the safety instructions, transport conditions for devices over 18 kg (39.6 lbs).

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Pulscon LTC57 PROFIBUS PA
Mounting
6Mounting
6.1 Mounting requirements
6.1.1 Suitable mounting position
Figure 6.1 Mounting requirements
Mounting distances
• Distance (A) between wall and rod or rope probe:
• for smooth metallic walls: > 50 mm (2 in)
• for plastic walls: > 300 mm (12 in) to metallic parts outside the vessel
• for concrete walls: > 500 mm (20 in), otherwise the available measuring range may be
reduced.
• Distance (B) between rod or rope probe and internal fittings in the vessel: > 300 mm (12 in)
• Distance (C) from end of probe to bottom of the vessel:
• Rope probe: > 150 mm (6 in)
•Rodprobe:>10mm(0.4in)
132
A
C
4
B