Sharp PC-1500 Product manual

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FOREWORD
S in ce the release of the P C-15 00 on market. we have had great
rnnnbcr ofq ues ti on sfr om use rs rega rd ing the ma c hin elan guage
of t he PC -I 51X l.
To meet with such d ema nd from ardent users, we arc no w
sending
th is text fors tud y of the ma chine language of the Sha rp's
or iginal design L!-1 5801 Microprocess or and LH5 81I Pe ripheral
Contro l LSI in concern with the PC- 1500 syst em . Be caus e the
text is edited
on the basis of user questions. it may not sup po 11
qua lit y as a gu ideboo k. In such an event. you are suggested to
make reference to mi
cro processor gu id ebooks published on
mark et. in addition to this text.
Vo ur opinions an d questions ar e welcome through ou r products
distributor.
No ·rE: Machine l an guage r rog ra1n, \Vhic Q1 c on l f( )IS hard\van: dir CC L}y,
gi ves )'( ) \J 11 l ( )f C va ri () lf S functions than ll ASI( ~ pro gr ar ns. 1-Jo,ve vc r. y ou
s ho uld ch ec k y ou r 111 (lc hinc langu ag<.: pr <1g ra n1 <.: nough to rnakc n<> crr c.>r
be for e executing it b c<.< lu sc single 'vr ong ike y operation rn a. y u pse t the
pr ogra 1n or occas io na ll y rnakc the rna chi ru :: break dO\\' rl.
Sharp C'o rpora 1i on a ss u mes no l ia b il i 1y or responsibili1y or any kind
a ris in g from t he u se of pro g ra ms or pr o gra m m at er ia ls or any pan
1here of.
SPECIAL NOT ICE TO PC-1500A CUSTOMERS
Be cause rhc P( : .. 1 500/'. \ provi des rn o1·c R/\ M th an the PC -1 500 .son1cof the
d csc 1·ip 1io ns of t he CHIP SELECTSI GJ\AL. MEMO RY MA I '. a nd 40 ·
Pl)';
CO NNEc ·r o R (for 111 c nH>r y 1no du l cs) require 1n odil ic atio 1l S10 suit
t he PC-I SOOA.
1\ SlU1 1rnar y of 1he di ffe ren ces bet \\· ce n the P( '. J500A and th l' pc._· 1500 is
gi ven in the <:td <lc ndurn on the p ag.;. · 16J.
·rake notice of these differ<. ·nces \\•hen u:-. i ll!; nlachinc la.og ua gc .
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CONTENTS
1. Mac hine Language .. . . •. ... .. .. .. ... .•.. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . ..•. .. . ••••. •.•.. ..•.•.•. 1
2. LH 5801 Microprocessor . .. . .. . .......... . .. . .. .. : .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. ... .. .•.. . 5
2·1. Outline of LH5801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . •. . . • . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . • . . . •. . . . . . . . • . . 6
2-2.
Internal structu re . .. . .•.. .. .. .. ••. ..• •. .••. ..•. ..•.. .. •. .. •. .. •. •••. ••. .. •. •.. •. . 7
2-2· 1. Block diagram.. .. . .. . .. .•. .. , •. .• , .. ... .. .. ... .... .. . . •.• •. .••. . .. ••.. •. . 7
2-2-2. Internal registers .... • .. .. . .. , ...... .. . . .. .. ... . . .. .. .. . .. ,. .. .•.. ... .. •. . 8
2·2·3. St at us fl ags . .. . . .. . .. . . .•... .. .. . •..•.. . .•. .. ... .. .. .. . . •. .. ... .. . •. .. .. . 8
2· 2·4. CPU pin descri pt i on .. . . .•..•.•.•••.. .•. .. •. .. •. ...•. .. . .. .. .. .. ..•. .. . .. . 9
2·3. Functions . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .•.. .. ••. .• .. .. ••... •. .. •. ... . .. .. . .. . . •••. •.. ..• •. .. . •. 14
2-3-1.
2-
3-2 .
2-3-
3.
Timer .. .. .. ... .•...•. .. •• . .. •. . .•. . ..•. .. •. .. .. ... . . . . • . .•...•. .. ........ 14
Interrupts .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . •. ..• . .. •• .... .. .. •. ..• .• . .. .. .. .•. ..•.. . 17
Resel .. . . .. •.•.. .. .. ... .. .••. .. •. . ..•. .. ••. ..•.. .. •. . . . .•. ...•. ..•. .. . .. . 20
2-3- 4. CPU system sequence .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . .. •. .. .. .. •••. •. . . .•.•. •. . .. •.•.•. 21
2- 3-5. BF fli pflop .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . . .. .. ... .. ... .. .. . 22
2-3-6 . WAIT funct i on .. . .. ... .......... . .. . .................. . . . .. . .... .......... 23
2-4. LH5801 i nstructions . .. . . . ........................ .. . ......... .... ................ 24
2-4 · 1. Outline .. . .. . . .. •.•.•.. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .. •.. . ••. . •••.. . .. .. .• .. . . .. •.•.• . 24
2-4-2.
Add . subtract, and loglcal Ins tructions .. . . .•. ..•.. . .. . .. •. .. .. . .. .. . .. . . .. . 25
2-4-3.
Compare and bit test . .. ... . . ..... . .. ..... .. . .. . . .. .. ... .... .. ,. . . . .. .. . . . 31
2-4-4 . Transfer and search instructions .. . .. . . .. . •...•.. .. •. .. . .• •. .•.. ..••... .. . 33
2-4-5. Block transfer and search Instructions .. . . .. . .. •. .. ..•.. •. ••.. .. ... •. . . .. •. 38
2·4· 6. Rotate and shift instrucllons .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. ...•. ..•.•.. .. ••..•. . .. . . .. . .•. 39
2·4·7. CPU control instruction s. •.•,. , .,,. ,. , . .. .. .... ... -.- .. .. ••.. •. ...•. .. ... . 42
2-4-8. Jump in struction s . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . ••..•. .. •. .. .. .. . . •. .. .. •. .. .. .. .•. ... . .. 45
2-4-9. Subroutine jump i nstru ctions .... .. •..•. ..•. . .. •. . .. .. . . ..•. .. ••. .. •. ... .. . 49
2-4-10. Return in structions .. . .•.•.. .. .. .••..•. .. . .. . .•. .. .. •. . ..•.•.•.. . .•. ..•.•. 53
2·5. Comm and list ..... .. . .•.•......•..... . .• .. . .. _. ___ .. •. __. • ... ... .. .•. .....•...•. 54
2·6. Elec lr ic al characteristics and timings _ .. .. _. _. _ .... __ ........ __ . _ .... ........... __ 63
3. LH5810/LH5811
1/ 0 port controller ... . •....•.• . .... .•.•........ . . .......... . ...... . .. 67
3-1. Outline .. .... . ... .. •.. .. .. . ...• . •.•.....••..•• . ..•. .... . ... . . .• . .. . .•• •..•.•.. . .. 68
3·2. Functions . . . .. .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . . •. .. ••. .. .. ... •. . . •. . .. .. . .•. . . . .. •. . . .. .. . .. .. .. . 68
3-3. Inf ernal structure .. . .. . . .. . . .. .•. ..•. .. . •. .. .. .. . •. ... .. . .. . .. .. •••. .. •. .. •. .. .. . 70
3-3-1. Bl ock diagram ....... .. .•. . .• ... ., . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. .. . ... . ... .,. .. . . . 70
3-3-2. Internal registers .. .. ... .. ..•. .. •.. ..• •. .. . . .. .. .. .•. .. .. ... .. .. .. ..•.•.. . 70
3-3-3. Pin descripli on . ....... . .•..... .• . ....... •. . .. •. . .. ,•.. .. , ... , .... , . .. •.. . 73
3-4. Functions . ..... ....... . .. , ... . .. . . .... •. _ .. •. . . _ .... •• .. • ...... •• _. _ •. .. , . .. . .. . 74
3-4· 1. Operation .... . . ...... .. •. . .•. .. ••. .. .. .. .• ... . . . . . • .. . .. . . .. . • . .. • • .. . ... 74
3-4-2. Wait control .. . .. . . .. . ..•. .. •. ..•• •. •• . .. ••. .. •. . . .. . .. .. •.. ..•. .. •• ... .. . 75
3-4-3. Serial data i npuL .. .. ...•. ..•. ... •. ..•. .. .. .... . ... .. .. ... . .. .. . ... .. .. .. . 76
3-4·4. Reset ...... ..................... .. .. . .. . . __ .. • .. .• .•.. .. . . .. •• •..•. •. •. •. 77
3-5. Specification __ . _. __ .. .... .......... . .. _. _. _ .... ___ .... _____ .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . . 78
3-5 -1. 1/0 port controller inpul/output circuits.................... .. . ....... . . .. . . 78
3-5-2. Pad la yout and struc ture .. . .... .. . ...... .... ... ... . .. . . . .. . . .. •. ...• •. . .. . 79
3-5-3. Electrical characteristics .•.••. . . .••. .••. .
.. . .. •. .. •. •. . ..•.•.•.. . . .. ..•.. . 79
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4. PC- 15 00 ha rd ware descr i ption .. . .. . .
....... . ... .. ... .. . . .. .. . ... . .. . ... ..... .. . 85
4- 1. PC-1500 sys te m conf igura ti on .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. . .... .. . . .. •. .. ... ..•. .. .. .. . ... . .. . 86
4-1-
1. Ou tl ine . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. • .... .... . .. 86
4-1-2. Bl oc k di ag ram. .. .. . ..... .. .. . . . . ...... ... .. . .. ...... . .. . .. . ... .... ... . .. 87
4-1-3. Power supplies (
PC -1500. CE-150, CE-158, CE-159) . ... . ... •. .. •. .. •. • .... . 87
4-2 . PC-150 0.. . .... .. .. . .. ........ . .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. . •. .. •. ..•. ••. .. . 89
4- 2·1. Outline .. .. ... .. .. . ..... . ·
·· ······· ···· ····· ···· · · · · · · · · · · · - · · ·· · 89
4-2-2. Block di agram .. . .... .. .. .. .. - . . .. . . .. .•. ..•. .. .•. . .••... .. .. .• .. ••. . . . . .. 90
4-2-3. Chip sele ct cir cuit . .. . . .. . .. . - . . .. • •... •. . . .•... .. .. •. ..•.. . . .•..• •. . . .. .. 91
4-2-4. PC-1500 system m emor y map _... ... .. .. . .. .. .. . .... . . .. . ... . .. . . .. .. .. . .. 94
4-3.
Connector signal s/ LSI signals . .... .. - ... . • .. .. • .. ..• .. ••. .. .... .. . ..... .• .. .. .. .. 102
4-3-1. 40 -pin co nnect or .. . .. . . .. .. . ... ..... .. . . .. . ...... . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . . .... . . 102
4-3-2. 60-pin co nnector . ... . .. . .. .... .. . . . .. . . .. . ... .. .. . .. . ... .. .. . . . .. . .. . ... . 103
4-3-3. LH 580 1 Mi cro processor. .. ... • ... ••. .. .• .. ... .. • .. .•. ... .. .... .. . . . .. .. ... 104
4-3-4. 1/0 PC .. . . .. ........ . .. .. ... ... .. . .. ... . .. . ... . ... .. .. .. . .. .. ...... . .... . 105
4-4. Key m at rix and key code chart
.. .. .. . ... ... ..... .. . .. .. . . .. .. . ...... . ... ..... . 109
5. PC -1500 soft ware .. .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. .. .. . ... . .. .. . . .
.. .. . . .. .. .... ...... .. .. . .. . 1 11
5-1. BASIC com mand related PC-1500 mac h ine la ng uage .... . ... .• .... •. .. . . . .. . . .. . 112
5-1-1. NEW.
.. .. . ... .. . .. .. .. . . . ... ... .... . .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . .. . . .. . ... .. ..... .. . . 11 2
5-1-2. STATUS . .. .. .. .. . . . .. . .. .. . . ...... .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . .. .... .. . .. . .. ... . 112
5-1-3. PEEK .. .... .. .. ... .. . . .. . . .. . .. . ... .. .. .. . ... .. .. ..
.... .. . .. ... .. ... .. .. 113
5-
1- 4. POKE ... .. .. ...... .. .. ...... .. .. . .. .. . ... . .. .. ..
. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. • .. .. .. 113
5-1- 5. CA LL. . ... . .. ... I • • •• • • • ' ' • ' • ' • ' ' ' •• ' ' ' • ' • ' • • •••
5- 1-6. CS AVE M ..... .. . . .. ..... .. . _. . .. . .. •. .•. .. .• . .. . •. .. ••. .. • ... .. . .. .. .
5-
1-7 . CLOAD M .. ..... . .... . ... .
·· ················ ·· ······················
114
11 4
114
5-:2. I
nt e rn al c od e ch art . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. • .... .. .. .. .. . .. .. •. .. •. . .. • . .. 115
5-3. Expressi
on of v ar iable and pr ogram . .. . ...... .. . . .. .. .. .. . ....... .. . .. .. . . .. . . .. 116
5-3-1. Expression
of de ci mal numb er . .. . . . .. . ... . .. .... .. . .. . . .. .... . . .. .. . .. .. . 116
5- 3-2. Exp ression of binary nu mber . . .. . . .... . .. ... .. . .. .. .... ... ..... .. . .. . .. . 116
5- 3- 3. Expressi on of ch aract er str ing . . .... . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .... .... .... .. .. .. . . 116
5-3-
4. Structure of varia bl e name ...... .. . .. . .... .. . . . .. . .. ... . .... . ... .. . . . ..... 117
5-3-5. Structure
of program . .. . . .... .. .. ... .. ... .. . ... . . .. . .. .. .. .. ... . .. ..... .. 117
5-3-6. Struc
ture of reserve area .. ....... .• .. . .•• .. ••. .. • ... . .. . .. . .. .• .. . • .•. .. . . 118
5-4 . System subr o utines ........ . .. . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... .. .. .. . . ... .. . . .. .. . .. .. ... . 120
5· 4·1. Character fu ncti o ns . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . .... . ... .. . .. . .. ... . .. .. .... 122
5·4· 2. A rit hmetic su br outines . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ...... ... .. . . . ... .. ... .. 127
5-4-3. Co mpar ison .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .•. . .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. •. . . •. ..• •. .. . . .. •. . •. . . .. 128
5-4-4. Search .. .
.. . .. . .. . .. . .... .. . . . .... . ... . ... .. . .... . .. .. . .... . . .. . . .. 129
5-4-5. Display . .. .. .. . .•. ... ..
.. . ... .. . .. ... . ... .. . . .... .. ...... .. . .. . .. . 131
5-4-6.
Pr i nter .. .. .. .
..... . . .. . .. . .. ... .. .. . ..... . .... . . .. . .. 1 35
5-4-7. Cassette tape
.. . .. . .. . ... .. . ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. ... 1 38
5-4-8. Caution for system sub r out i ne call . .. .. . .. ... .. ... . .. .. . ..... . . ... .. . . . .. . 141
6. Mac hin e language programming exa mp les .. . .. . .... .. . . . ... .. ... .. . . .. ... ...... . .. .. . 143
6· ·1. Binary to hexadeci ma l conversi on .. . . .... .. .. . . ... . .. . ... . ... .. .. .. . .... . ..... 144
6-2. Display
inve rsi on .. .. .. ....... .. . ... . .. . ... .. . ... . .. . . ...... . ... .. .. .. .. .. . . .. ... 145
6-3. S
ingl e dis pl ay d ot le ft sh if t .. ...... .. . .' ... . .. .... ... .... .... .. .... ... .. .. ..... . .. . 146
6-4 . Si n gl e di splay dot right sh il l. .. . . .. .. .. . .. . . .. . .. .......... . . .. . .. . .. . . ..... .. . . .. 147
6-5 . Conversion of USING for ma t expressed numerical data i nto charact er string . .. ... .. 148
6-6. Power
off that does not ac ti va te the p ri nter upon p ower on . .. . .. . .. . ..
.... .. 148
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(REFERENCE]
1.
Determining printing cha racter size and dire cl ion .. . . .. .. .. .. . .... . . .. ... .. .. .. .. . . .. .. 150
2. Restoration of ar r ay and two-characler vari able ... . ............... . ... . ..... ... .. . ..... 150
3. Knowin g the use of CE- 15 0 ........ .. ......... ..... . . ... .. .. .. ... . ... . .... . ..... .. .... 150
4. CMT formal ...... ..... ... .. .......... .. . .. .. . . ... . ... ... .. ..... . ... . . ... . . .. .. . .. ... 151
5. Circu it diagram ... .. .... . ... .. ...... ... .. .. .. . .. ... . .. ... .. .. . .. ........ ... .. .. . .. .. . 153
5-1. PC-1500
.. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. ... .. . . .. . . ... .. . . .. ... .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. ... .. . .. . .. ..... .. . 154
5-2. CE-150. .... . .. .. .. .. ... . ... . .. .... . ..... . .. .. . .... . .. ..... .. . .. . .... ... ... ...... 155
5-3. CE-151 ... .............. . . .... ... .. ...... ..... .... .. .... .... . ... .. ... . .. . .. .. ... . 156
5-4. CE-153. .
.. ... . .... . .. . . . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . . .... .... . ... .. . .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. .. . 156
5·5. CE- 1 55 ..... .. . .. .... . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . . ... .. . . .. ... . .... .. . . .. .. .. . .. . .. .... . .. ... . 157
5 ·6. CE-156 ..... .. . . .... .. . .. .... . . .. ... .. . . .. . .. ....... .... .. .. ... .. . . . .. . ... .. .. . .. 156
5-7. CE-159 .. . . .
.. . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . .... ... . ... .. ...... .. . .. . .... . .. .. . . . .... . .. .. .. . 159
[
ADDENDUM]
Di fferences between the PC-1500A and lhe PC-1500 ... . . .. • .. .•. .. .. . ... ..... •......... . 161
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Machine Language
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1. Machine language
2
There are many program languages for each purpose. PC -1 500 . for exa mp l e. is
designed to carry out
bo th BASIC and machine language. BASIC iseasy to u se .
however. execution speed is sl
ow . On the ot her hand. machine language is
difficult to understand but execution speed is fast.
Usually. machine language program would be written with the assemble
lan
guag e. wh ich consists of mnemonic codes. and then the assemble language
will
be translated into machine langua ge .
[EXAMPLE] DISPLAY REVERSE PROGRAM
I. f> rc p an: thi: progranl ,,· ith asscn 1h le J ;,ngtu1~.: co n sis ting of nl ncinon ic codc::i. .
LOI UH.78H l i . f fi · b ffi dd
LOI U l. .4 DH I prepare or:1"1gnmcn1 o the 1n.1 d"pl a) u er a ress.
D EC UH advance the adclr<-,,,
LDA U take data in the a cc umula tor
EA i FFH
ta ke l hc C<H n(llc 111 cnt
STA u return datu i 111 0 n1c 111 ory
LOP 06H
CPI Ull. 77 1-1 makc the loop
BCS
OEH
RT:'< return to B1\SIC
2. T ran~latc th e abo,·e progr.l rn in to 111achine language. 1 he a!'>. qon1b l cr 1r:tn~latc~ the
as:i.cn1blc l anl:!uag:c in to 1he n1a chinc l;t n guagc au l<lrnatic-dlly acco r ding tt> t hl' li~ t.
1 -1 <>\\l'\cr. a l) ho r1 p rogr a rn can he 1 ransla1cd n1a nually. (h and ;1~~c 111 b l c)
· rh e ab o,·c pro£ra n1 c"n be tr an~k 1L c d a:-. follo,,
11
;:
6X 78 6/\ 41) FO 62 25 l.ll)
FF 2E 88 0(1 6(' 77 93 OE
9A
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3. After the completion of the machine language program. write it in l'C-1500by using
PO KE in struc ti on. And execute the program together with B AS IC by CALI.
in s truct ion.
Execute the followi ng program. Y -011 can ru"n the BAS IC pr ogram with [filJ ® and the
machine language program \\
it h I '.J F l (Bl. Di.playreverse in machine language program
i, faster than that of BASIC. You would kn ow how functional the machine L~nguagc
program is.
EX. Write the following program after execut in g NEW &4100 C@.
10 "A" WAI T 0
20 PRINT" sh o r e oocke t c omo u 1e r "
30 FOR A-0 TO 155
40 GC URSOR A
~ GPRI NT 25 5- PO ! NT A
flJ NEXT A
70 GOTO 30
80 END
100 "B" WA 11 0
IW PRINT •• sh ar o oocket comou 1er
11
120 PO KE St-0C5 ·&68 •&?8 •& 6A •&4D•
&F0 •&62 ·&
25 • &6D •&FF · &2 E• &88 ·&06
130 POKE &4 00 1· &6C ·&?? ·& 93 · &O E· &9A
140 CA LL &40C5
l :'Q WA IT 2 0:PRI NT : GO TO 140
160 END
111is manual is di ,id cd into three ma jor section•: description of LSI (pp. 5-84 : l.11 5~01
Mi cr oprocessor & 1.H 58 1011.H5 81 I 110 p or t controller). l' C·1500 hardware description
(pp . 85 - 109). and PC-1500 so ft ware de scription (pp. 11 1- 141).
If you wm1l to know
about l'C'-1500 ~) 'S tem li rst. read from p. 86.
3
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4
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