Solwise SAR110 Manual

Solwise Ltd .
Set-up instructions for
Solwise SAR110
ADSL Router
www.solwiseforum.co.uk
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Mar 29, 2003
Covers Solwise-270303/1.38.030131a13

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide
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Notification is hereby given that Solwise Ltd. reserves the right to modify, change, update or revise this
document from time to time as required without the prior obligation to notify any person, company or
organization. Further, Solwise makes no warranty or representation, either express or implied, with
respect to merchantability, or fitness of its products for a particular purpose.
Solwise Ltd.
13/15 Springfield Way
Anlaby
Hull HU10 6RJ
UK
Tel [phone] (local rate)
Fax [phone]
Email [email protected]
Http www.solwise.co.uk
Copyright
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means
without written permission from the product manufacturer.
Changes are periodically made to the information in this document. They will be incorporated in
subsequent editions. The product manufacturer may take improvement and/or changes in the
product described in this document at any time.
FCC compliance
This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules. On this equipment is a label that contains,
among other information, the FCC registration number and Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) for this
equipment. You must, upon request, provide this information to your telephone company.
If your telephone equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the Telephone Company may
discontinue your service temporarily. If possible, they will notify in advance. But, if advance notice isn’t
practical, you will be notified as soon as possible. You will be informed of your right to file a complaint
with the FCC.
Your telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations, or procedures
that could affect proper operation of your equipment. If they do, you will be notified in advance to give
you an opportunity to maintain uninterrupted telephone service. The FCC prohibits this equipment to
be connected to party lines or coin-telephone service.
In the event that this equipment should fail to operate properly, disconnect the equipment from the
phone line to determine if it is causing the problem. If the problem is with the equipment, discontinue
use and contact your dealer or vendor.

Solwise SAR110 User’s Guide
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DOC compliance information
NOTICE: The Canadian Department of Communications label identifies certified equipment. This
certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective,
operational and safety requirements. The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate
to the user’s satisfaction.
Before installing this equipment, users ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of
the local Telecommunications Company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable
method of connection. The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions
might not prevent degradation of service in some situations.
Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility
designated by the supplier. Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment, or
equipment malfunctions, may give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to
disconnect the equipment.
Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility,
telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system, if present, are connected together. This
precaution may be particularly important in rural areas.
CAUTION: Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the
appropriate electric inspection authority, or electrician, as appropriate.
NOTICE: The Load Number (LN) assigned to each terminal device denotes the percentage of the
total load to be connected to a telephone loop which is used by the device, to prevent overloading.
The termination on a loop may consist of any combination of devices subject only to the requirement
that the sum of the Load Numbers of all the devices does not exceed 100.
European CTR 21 compliance
The equipment has been approved in accordance with Council Decision 98/482/EC for pan-European
single terminal connection to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). However, due to
differences between the individual PSTNs provided in different countries, the approval does not, of
itself, give an unconditional assurance of successful operation on every PSTN network termination
point. In the event of problem, you should contact your equipment supplier in the first instance.

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
1Introduction........................................................11
1.1 Features....................................................................11
1.2 System Requirements..............................................11
1.3 Using this Document ................................................12
1.3.1 Notational conventions ...................................12
1.3.2 Typographical conventions.............................12
1.3.3 Special messages...........................................12
2Getting to Know the SAR110 ............................13
2.1 Parts Check ..............................................................13
2.2 Front Panel ...............................................................14
2.3 Rear Panel................................................................15
3Quick Start.........................................................17
3.1 Part 1 — Connecting the Hardware.........................17
3.1.1 Step 1. Connect the ADSL cable and
optional telephone. ...................................................18
3.1.2 Step 2. Connect the Ethernet cable. ..............18
3.1.3 Step 3. Attach the power connector...............19
3.1.4 Step 4. Turn on the SAR110 and
power up your systems. ...........................................19
3.2 Part 2 — Configuring Your Computers....................19
3.2.1 Before you begin.............................................19
3.2.2 Windows® XP PCs:........................................19
3.2.3 Windows 2000 PCs: .......................................20
3.2.4 Windows Me PCs ...........................................21
3.2.5 Windows 95, 98 PCs: .....................................22
3.2.6 Windows NT 4.0 workstations: .......................24
3.2.7 Apple Mac: ......................................................25
3.3 Part 3 — Quick Configuring the SAR110 ................26
3.3.1 Logging in to the SAR110 Quick
Configuration Page...................................................26
3.3.2 Default Router Settings...................................36
4Basic for Configuration using the Web
Interface..........................................................37
4.1 Accessing the Configuration Manager ....................37
4.2 Functional Layout .....................................................38

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide
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4.2.1 Commonly used buttons.................................38
4.3 The Home Tab and System View Table .................39
4.4 Changing the System Date and Time .....................40
4.5 Changing Your Login Password..............................41
4.6 Committing Your Changes and Rebooting
the Device........................................................................43
4.6.1 Committing your changes...............................43
4.6.2 Rebooting the device using
Configuration Manager.............................................43
5Setting IP Properties for the LAN-side
Interfaces........................................................45
5.1 Configuring the LAN IP Address..............................45
6Viewing System IP Information and
Performance Statistics ...................................49
6.1 Viewing the SAR110’s IP addresses.......................49
6.2 Viewing IP Global Statistics .....................................50
7Configuring Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol ..........................................................53
7.1 Overview of DHCP ...................................................53
7.1.1 What is DHCP?...............................................53
7.1.2 Why use DHCP?.............................................53
7.1.3 SAR110 DHCP modes ...................................54
7.2 Configuring DHCP Server........................................55
7.2.1 Viewing, modifying, and deleting
address pools, and excluding IP addresses
from a pool................................................................58
7.2.2 Viewing current DHCP address
assignments .............................................................59
7.3 Configuring DHCP Relay .........................................60
7.4 Setting the DHCP Mode...........................................61
8Configuring Network Address Translation ........63
8.1 Overview of NAT ......................................................63
8.2 Viewing NAT Global Settings and Statistics...........64
8.3 Viewing NAT Rules and Rule Statistics...................67
8.4 Viewing Current NAT Translations ..........................68
8.5 Adding NAT Rules....................................................70
8.5.1 The napt rule: Translating between
private and public IP addresses...............................70

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide
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8.5.2 The rdr rule: Allowing external access
to a LAN computer ...................................................72
8.5.3 The basic rule: Performing 1:1
translations................................................................75
8.5.4 The filter rule: Configuring a basic rule
with additional criteria...............................................77
8.5.5 The bimap rule: Performing two-way
translations................................................................79
8.5.6 The pass rule: Allowing specific
addresses to pass through untranslated .................80
9Configuring DNS Server Addresses .................81
9.1 About DNS................................................................81
9.2 Assigning DNS Addresses.......................................81
9.3 Configuring DNS Relay............................................82
10 Configuring IP Routes .......................................85
10.1 Overview of IP Routes ............................................85
10.1.1 Comparing IP routing to telephone
switching ...................................................................85
10.1.2 Hops and gateways ......................................86
10.1.3 Using IP routes to define default
gateways...................................................................86
10.1.4 Do I need to define IP routes?......................86
10.2 Viewing the IP Routing Table .................................87
10.3 Adding IP Routes ....................................................88
11 Configuring the Routing Information
Protocol ..........................................................91
11.1 RIP Overview ..........................................................91
11.1.1 When should you configure RIP?.................91
11.2 Configuring the SAR110’s Interfaces with
RIP 91
11.3 Viewing RIP Statistics .............................................93
12 Configuring the ATM VCC ................................95
12.1 Viewing Your ATM VC Setup .................................95
12.2 Adding ATM VCCs..................................................96
12.3 Modifying ATM VCCs .............................................97
13 Configuring PPP Interfaces...............................99
13.1 Viewing Your Current PPP Configuration ..............99
13.2 Viewing PPP Interface Details..............................101
13.3 Adding a PPP Interface Definition........................103

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide
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13.4 Modifying and Deleting PPP Interfaces................105
14 Configuring EOA Interfaces ............................106
14.1 Overview of EOA ..................................................106
14.2 Viewing Your EOA Setup .....................................107
14.3 Adding EOA Interfaces .........................................108
15 Configuring IPoA Interfaces ............................111
15.1 Viewing Your IPoA Interface Setup......................111
15.2 Adding IPoA Interfaces.........................................112
16 Configuring Bridging........................................115
16.1 Overview of Bridges..............................................115
16.2 Using the Bridging Feature...................................116
16.3 Defining Bridge Interfaces ....................................117
16.4 Deleting a Bridge Interface ...................................118
17 Configuring Firewall Settings ..........................119
17.1 Configuring Global Firewall Settings ....................119
17.2 Managing the Black List........................................122
18 Configuring IP Filters and Blocking
Protocols.......................................................125
18.1 Configuring IP Filters.............................................125
18.1.1 Viewing Your IP Filter Configuration ..........125
18.1.2 Configuring IP Filter Global Settings ..........126
18.1.3 Creating IP Filter Rules...............................127
18.1.4 IP filter rule examples .................................133
18.1.5 Viewing IP Filter Statistics...........................136
18.1.6 Managing Current IP Filter Sessions .........136
18.2 Blocking Protocols ................................................137
19 Viewing DSL Parameters................................141
20 .Administrative Tasks ......................................145
20.1 Viewing System Alarms........................................145
20.1.1 Viewing the Alarm Table.............................145
20.1.2 Displaying the Alarm Monitor in a
Separate Window...................................................146
20.2 Upgrading the Software........................................146
20.2.1 What if something goes wrong?.................147
20.3 Using Diagnostics .................................................149
20.4 Modifying Port Settings.........................................150
20.4.1 Overview of IP port numbers......................150

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide
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20.4.2 Modifying the ADSL/Ethernet routers’
port numbers ..........................................................151
21 Committing Your Changes and Rebooting
the Device.....................................................153
21.1 Committing Your Changes ...................................153
21.2 Rebooting the Device ...........................................153
22 How to…..........................................................154
22.1 How to enter Command Line Interface
mode..............................................................................154
22.1.1 Telnet...........................................................154
22.1.2 Using terminal program via serial
console port ............................................................155
22.1.3 Basic CLI syntax .........................................157
22.2 Common CLI Commands.....................................159
22.2.1 commit.........................................................159
22.2.2 reboot <
default|backup|last|clean|minimum>......................160
22.2.3 get ip <address | cfg | route | stats> ...........160
22.2.4 modify ethernet intf ifname <name>
[ip,mask,usedhcp,speed,duplex] ...........................160
22.2.5 modify nbsize maxipsess 'value' ................161
22.2.6 create user name <name> passwd
<name> [root | user] ...............................................161
22.3 Altering the WAN IP address of the router...........161
22.4 eMule/eDonkey .................................................162
22.4.1 What’s the problem?...................................162
22.4.2 How do I fix it?.............................................163
22.5 Enabling ZIPB .......................................................163
22.5.1 What’s ZIPB? ..............................................163
22.5.2 How it works................................................163
22.5.3 Here’s how to do it ......................................164
22.5.4 Testing it’s worked ......................................169
22.6 Operation with multiple IP’s ..................................170
22.6.1 IP Unnumbered PPP interface ...................170
22.6.2 Configuration...............................................171
22.6.3 Limitations ...................................................172
22.6.4 IP Unnumbered with NAT...........................173
22.7 Blocking remote access to your SAR110
router..............................................................................173

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22.7.1 Using IP Filters............................................173
22.7.2 Using RDR forwarding rules.......................177
23 DNS Addresses...............................................180
24 Appendix A IP Addresses, Network
Masks, and Subnets.....................................183
24.1 IP Addresses.........................................................183
24.1.1 Structure of an IP address..........................183
24.1.2 Network classes..........................................184
24.2 Subnet masks .......................................................184
25 Appendix B Binary Numbers...........................187
25.1 Binary Numbers ....................................................187
25.1.1 Bits and bytes..............................................187
26 Appendix C Troubleshooting...........................189
26.1 Basic Connectivity.................................................189
26.2 Logging in with the ISP .........................................189
26.3 PC cannot access the Internet .............................192
26.3.1 Pinging the WAN side of the router............192
26.3.2 Pinging the internet .....................................194
26.4 Connecting to a web site ......................................194
26.5 Diagnosing Problem using IP Utilities ..................194
26.5.1 ping..............................................................194
26.5.2 nslookup ......................................................195
26.6 MTU value. What is it and why does having
the correct value matter? ..............................................196
26.6.1 What are the symptoms of having a
wrong MTU value? .................................................196
26.6.2 So what is it?...............................................196
26.6.3 Why is it important? ....................................196
26.6.4 So how do I set the MTU value on
my Windows PC?...................................................197
26.6.5 Problems with ‘SpyWare’............................198
27 Appendix D Glossary ......................................199
28 Appendix E ALG’s...........................................206
Index 207

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide Chapter 1. Introduction
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1 Introduction
Congratulations on becoming the owner of the SAR110 ADSL
Ethernet bridge/router. Your LAN (local area network) will now be
able to access the Internet using your high-speed ADSL
connection.
This User Guide will show you how to set up the SAR110 ADSL
Bridge/Router, and how to customize its configuration to get the
most out of your new product.
1.1 Features
 Internal ADSL modem for high-speed Internet access
 10/100Base-T Ethernet router to provide Internet
connectivity to all computers on your LAN
 Network address translation (NAT), Firewall, and IP filtering
functions to provide security for your LAN
 Network configuration through DHCP Server and DHCP
Relay
 Services including IP route and DNS configuration, RIP,
and IP and DSL performance monitoring
 Configuration program you access via an HTML browser
1.2 System Requirements
In order to use the SAR110 ADSL/Ethernet router, you must have
the following:
 ADSL service up and running on your telephone line, with
at least one public Internet address for your LAN
 One or more computers each containing an Ethernet
10Base-T/100Base-T network interface card (NIC
 An Ethernet hub/switch, if you are connecting the device to
more than one computer on an Ethernet network.
 For system configuration using the supplied web-based
program: a web browser such as Internet Explorer v5.0 or
later, or Netscape v4.7 or later

Chapter 1. Introduction Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide
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1.3 Using this Document
1.3.1 Notational conventions
 Acronyms are defined the first time they appear in text and
in the glossary (Appendix 27).
 For brevity, the SAR110 is referred to as “the router.”
 The terms LAN and network are used interchangeably to
refer to a group of Ethernet-connected computers at one
site.
1.3.2 Typographical conventions
 Italics are used to identify terms that are defined in the
glossary (Appendix 27).
 Bolded text is used for items you select from menus and
drop-down lists, and text strings you type when prompted
by the program.
1.3.3 Special messages
This document uses the following icons to call your attention to
specific instructions or explanations.
Note
Provides clarifying or non-essential information on the current
topic.
Definition
Explains terms or acronyms that may be unfamiliar to many
readers. These terms are also included in the Glossary.
WARNING
Provides messages of high importance, including messages
relating to personal safety or system integrity.

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide Chapter 2. Getting to Know the SAR110
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2 Getting to Know the SAR110
2.1 Parts Check
In addition to this document, your SAR110 should arrive with the
following:
 SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Bridge/Router
 Power adapter and power cord
 Ethernet cable (“straight-through” type)
 Standard phone/DSL line cable
 Documentation CD
Figure 1. SAR110 ADSL/Ethernet Router

Chapter 2. Getting to Know the SAR110 Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide
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2.2 Front Panel
The front panel contains lights called LEDs that indicate the status
of the unit.
Figure 2. Front Panel and LEDs
Label Color Function
POWER green On: Unit is powered on
Off: Unit is powered off
DIAG yellow
Flashes on/off at boot-up to indicate that the
device software is operational. Turns off after 10-
15 seconds.
PC green
On: LAN link established and active
Off: No LAN link
ADSL green
On: ADSL link established and active
Off: No ADSL link
TX/RX yellow Flashes when ADSL data activity occurs.
May appear solid when data traffic is heavy.

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide Chapter 2. Getting to Know the SAR110
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2.3 Rear Panel
The rear panel contains the ports for the unit's data and power
connections.
Figure 3. Rear Panel Connections
Label Function
ADSL Connects the device to a telephone jack for DSL
communication
10/100Base-T Connects the device to your PC's Ethernet port, or to
the uplink port on your LAN's hub, using the cable
provided
DC Connects to the supplied power converter cable
On Off Switches the unit on and off (on side of case)

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide Chapter 3. Quick Start
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3 Quick Start
This Quick Start provides basic instructions for connecting the
SAR110 to a computer or LAN and to the Internet.
 Part 1 describes setting up the hardware.
 Part 2 describes how to configure Internet properties on
your computers.
 Part 3 shows you how to configure basic settings on the
SAR110 to get your LAN connected to the Internet.
This Quick Start assumes that you have already established ADSL
service with your Internet service provider (ISP). These instructions
provide a basic configuration that should be compatible with your
home or small office network setup. Refer to the subsequent
chapters for additional configuration instructions.
3.1 Part 1 — Connecting the Hardware
In Part 1, you connect the device to the phone jack, the power
outlet, and your computer or network.
WARNING
Before you begin, turn the power off for all devices. These
include your computer(s), your LAN hub/switch (if applicable),
and the SAR110.
Stand-alone computer
AC adapter
Computer Computer Computer
Hub/Switch
(for local area
network)
ADSL Ethernet Router
Straight-through cable
to Uplink port or
Cross-over cable to a
port on hub .
2
3
Wall outlet Wall jack
Straight-through
cable to a PC
or
RS-232C
cable
1
Figure 4 illustrates the hardware connections. The layout of the

Chapter 3. Quick Start Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide
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ports on your device may vary from the layout shown. Refer to the
steps that follow for specific instructions.
Stand-alone computer
AC adapter
Computer Computer Computer
Hub/Switch
(for local area
network)
ADSL Ethernet Router
Straight-through cable
to Uplink port or
Cross-over cable to a
port on hub .
2
3
Wall outlet Wall jack
Straight-through
cable to a PC
or
RS-232C
cable
1
Figure 4. Overview of Hardware Connections
3.1.1 Step 1. Connect the ADSL cable and optional telephone.
Connect one end of the provided phone cable to the port labeled
ADSL on the rear panel of the device. Connect the other end to
your wall phone jack.
You can attach a telephone line to the device. This is helpful when
the ADSL line uses the only convenient wall phone jack. If desired,
connect the telephone cable to the port labeled PHONE.
WARNING
Although you use the same type of cable, The ADSL and
PHONE ports are not interchangeable. Do not route the ADSL
connection through the PHONE port.
3.1.2 Step 2. Connect the Ethernet cable.
If you are connecting a LAN to the SAR110 ADSL/Ethernet router,
attach one end of a provided Ethernet cable to a crossover hub port
and the other to the Ethernet port on the SAR110. If you want to
connect the 110 to a ‘normal’ LAN port then you need to use a
crossover adapter or cable.
If you are using the SAR110 with a single computer and no hub,
you must use a “standard” Ethernet cable to attach the PC directly
to the device.

Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide Chapter 3. Quick Start
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3.1.3 Step 3. Attach the power connector.
Connect the AC power adapter to the PWR connector on the back
of the device and plug in the adapter to a wall outlet or power strip.
3.1.4 Step 4. Turn on the SAR110 and power up your systems.
Press the Power switch on the back panel of the device to the ON
position.
Turn on and boot up your computer(s) and any LAN devices such
as hubs or switches.
3.2 Part 2 — Configuring Your Computers
Part 2 of the Quick Start provides instructions for configuring the
Internet settings on your computers to work with the SAR110.
3.2.1 Before you begin
By default, the SAR110 is on IP address 192.168.7.1 with subnet
mask 255.255.25.0. In order to configure the router you must
ensure that the IP settings on your computer suite the default
address of the SAR110.
Note
Your computers must have IP addresses that place them in the
same subnet as the SAR110’s LAN port. If you want to use a
different subnet range then you can follow the instructions in
Chapter 5 to change the LAN port IP address of the SAR110
accordingly.
3.2.2 Windows® XP PCs:
1. In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, and then click
Control Panel.
2. Double-click the Network Connections icon.
3. In the LAN or High-Speed Internet window, right-click on
icon corresponding to your network interface card (NIC) and
select Properties. (Often this icon is labeled Local Area
Connection).
The Local Area Connection dialog box displays with a list of
currently installed network items.
4. Ensure that the check box to the left of the item labeled
Internet Protocol TCP/IP is checked, and click
.
5. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click
the radio button labeled Specify an IP address. Enter a
suitable IP address for the PC e.g. 192.168.7.2 (remember
that each computer/device on an IP network must have it’s
own, unique IP address). Use the subnet mask
255.255.255.0.

Chapter 3. Quick Start Solwise SAR110 ADSL Ethernet Router User’s Guide
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6. Set the router/default gateway address to the address of the
SAR110 which is 192.168.7.1.
7. Enter the DNS address as given to you by your ISP. Please
note that you will need a DNS address. If you don’t know the
DNS address for your IPS then you can, temporarily use the
own from our ISP which is 212.50.160.100 but you should
get the correct DNS address of your ISP and use that value
as soon as possible.
8. Click twice to confirm your changes, and close
the Control Panel.
3.2.3 Windows 2000 PCs:
First, check for the IP protocol and, if necessary, install it:
1. In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, point to
Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon.
3. In the Network and Dial-up Connections window, right-click
the Local Area Connection icon, and then select Properties.
The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box displays with
a list of currently installed network components. If the list
includes Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), then the protocol has
already been enabled. Skip to step 10.
4. If Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) does not display as an installed
component, click .
5. In the Select Network Component Type dialog box, select
Protocol, and then click .
6. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the Network Protocols
list, and then click .
You may be prompted to install files from your Windows 2000
installation CD or other media. Follow the instructions to install
the files.
7. If prompted, click to restart your computer with
the new settings.
Next, configure the PCs to accept IP information assigned by the
SAR110:
8. In the Control Panel, double-click the Network and Dial-up
Connections icon.
9. In Network and Dial-up Connections window, right-click the
Local Area Connection icon, and then select Properties.