Fritsch analysette 22 ECONOMY User manual

FRITSCH
ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN MILLING PARTICLE SIZING DIVIDING ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN MILLING PARTICLE SIZING DIVIDING ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN
Operating Manual
Laser Particle Sizer
"analysette 22"
ECONOMY

Version 03/2002 Index 1
FRITSCH
ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN MILLING PARTICLE SIZING DIVIDING ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN MILLING PARTICLE SIZING DIVIDING ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN
Fritsch GmbH
Manufactures of Laboratory Instruments
Industriestraße 8
D - 55743 Idar-Oberstein
Phone: [phone] / 70-0
Fax: [phone] / 7011
E-Mail: [email protected]
Internet: http://www.fritsch.de
Device number 22.9050.00, 22.6100.00, 22.6300.00
valid as from serial number 100
On the 24th June 1994, Fritsch GmbH was certified
by TÜV-Zertifizierungsgemeinschaft e.V.
A subsequent audit has shown that Fritsch GmbH fully
complies with the requirements of DIN EN ISO 9001.
The relevant standards are listed in the enclosed Declara-
tion of Conformity. The "analysette 22 ECONOMY" laser
particle sizer fulfils all requirements and has been granted
the CE Mark.

analysette 22 „ECONOMY“
FRITSCH
ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN MILLING PARTICLE SIZING DIVIDING ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN MILLING PARTICLE SIZING DIVIDING ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN
Contents Page
1 General / Introduction ....................................................1
1.1 About this operating manual .....................................................1
1.2 Symbols on warning signs and in this manual ........................... 1
1.3 Brief description of the machine................................................ 2
1.3.1 Design and function.......................................................................... 2
1.3.2 Description of the device .................................................................. 3
1.4 Technical Data ......................................................................... 5
2 Safety .............................................................................6
2.1 General safety instructions .......................................................6
2.2 Special safety instructions ........................................................ 6
2.3 Operating staff ......................................................................... 7
2.4 Protective devices .................................................................... 8
2.5 Special risks ............................................................................8
2.6 Electrical safety........................................................................ 8
2.6.1 General electrical safety instructions................................................. 8
2.6.2 Overload protection.......................................................................... 8
3 Installation .....................................................................8
3.1 Unpacking................................................................................8
3.2 Transport .................................................................................8
3.3 Installation on site .................................................................... 8
3.4 Electrical connection ................................................................9
3.4.1 Electrical fuses ...............................................................................10
3.4.2 Stability of mains power...................................................................10
3.4.3 Adjustment of device to power supply...............................................10
3.5 Setting up of computer ........................................................... 10
4 Integrated Dispersing Unit for Liquids......................... 11
4.1 Installation of hose connections.............................................. 11
4.2 Liquids suitable for dispersion ................................................ 13
4.3 Signal lines ............................................................................ 14
4.4 Cleaning ................................................................................ 15
4.4.1 Cleaning of the device .....................................................................15
4.4.2 Cleaning of the measuring cell .........................................................15
4.5 Filling of measuring cell.......................................................... 19
4.5.1 Operating with dispersing unit..........................................................19
4.6 Adjustment of measuring range for calibration......................... 19
5 Accessories.................................................................. 20
5.1 "analysette 22 for WINDOWS" software .................................. 20
5.2 Dispersing unit for small samples ........................................... 20
5.2.1 Filling of measuring cell for operation
with dispersing unit for small samples ..............................................21
5.3 Mini-cell ................................................................................. 22
5.3.1 Filling of measuring cell for operation with mini-cell...........................22
6 Maintenance ................................................................. 23
6.1 Liquids suitable for suspension............................................... 23
6.2 Readjustment of spatial filter .................................................. 23
6.3 Calibration ............................................................................. 25
6.3.1 Measurement ..................................................................................25
7 Warranty ....................................................................... 27
8 Troubleshooting ........................................................... 27
8.1 Error list................................................................................. 27
8.2 Comparability of measuring results ......................................... 27
8.3 Liquids suitable for suspension............................................... 28
8.4 Dispersion of samples with poor wettability ............................. 29
8.5 Processing of samples with poor solubility .............................. 29

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ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN MILLING PARTICLE SIZING DIVIDING ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN MILLING PARTICLE SIZING DIVIDING ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN
1 General / Introduction
1.1 About this operating manual
The copyright for these technical documents is the property
of Fritsch GmbH.
•Reproduction of this manual is only permitted with the
explicit written consent of Fritsch GmbH.
•Please read this operating manual carefully.
•All operating staff must be familiar with the content of
this manual.
•Pay special attention to the safety instructions.
•The laser particle sizer has been designed with special
regard to safety issues. However, there remains a risk of
injury or damage to property. To minimise this risk and
to ensure safe operation, always adhere to all instruc-
tions in this manual.
•The symbols in the right margin identify the risk referred
to in the respective section.
Some of these symbols are also used on signs attached
to the device. Warnings signs are equipped with a trian-
gular border.
•This operating manual does not constitute a complete
technical documentation. It refers only to components
that are relevant for the operation and maintenance of
the unit.
1.2 Symbols on warning signs and in this manual
Caution!
Risk of injury or damage to property
Refer to the manual
Caution!
High voltage
Caution!
Risk of explosion
Caution!
Risk of fire / flammable substances

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Caution!
Laser radiation
Wear protective goggles!
Do not extinguish fires with water!
1.3 Brief description of the machine
The "analysette 22 ECONOMY" laser particle sizer is used
for determining the particle size distribution in suspensions
and emulsions and is suitable for a wide range of applica-
tions. It is used primarily in research and development as
well as in quality and process control.
The "analysette 22 ECONOMY" is based on the FRITSCH
patent for converging laser beam technology in the deter-
mination of particle size distribution.
1.3.1 Design and function
Design
The measuring unit consists of a NeNe laser (wavelength
632.8 nm, laser output power 4 mW, laser class IIIb). There
are several warning signs regarding the laser light at the
inside of the unit.
The optical and electronic assemblies are secured to a
based plate made in aluminium.
The multi-element detector consisting of 31 individual com-
ponents and the associated preamplifier are mounted in a
separate housing to the right of the measuring unit. The
measuring unit contains the drive system for the measuring
cell, which can be moved between two end positions.
The dispersing unit is equipped with a stainless steel ves-
sel with a capacity of approx. 300 ml, which is formed as an
ultrasonic bath. The ultrasound output is approx. 140 W
and can be switched on or off by the operator. An optical
filling level sensor monitors the liquid level in the ultrasonic
bath. The bath is equipped with an agitator that can be
used for further dispersion and homogenisation. The sped
of the agitator can be regulated.

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A centrifugal pump is flange mounted below the bath and
allows for suspension throughout the entire measuring cy-
cle. Due to the high flow speed of the suspension, even
large particles of high density can be correctly measured.
The centrifugation also allows for the gentle treatment of
the samples. The inflow and outflow of the suspension and
the automatic rinsing and filling procedures are controlled
by means of electromechanical control valves.
Do not use for flammable liquids such as alcohols, ke-
tones, petroleum spirits, etc.
Ensure that no liquids can penetrate the machine.
Principle of operation
Laser diffraction instruments use the physical principle of
diffraction of electromagnetic waves to determine the parti-
cle size distribution in suspensions or emulsions. The light
of a parallel laser beam is deflected by the particles. The
angle of deflection is determined by the diameter and the
optical properties of the particles. The conventional design
includes a convex lens focusing the scattered light to form
a ring on the focal plane, where a detector measures the
Fourier spectrum (light energy distribution). The particle
size distribution is then calculated with advanced mathe-
matical methods on the basis of the Fraunhofer or Mie the-
ory.
FRITSCH is uses its own patented optical system referred
to as "reverse Fourier optics". The sample is brought into a
converging laser beam, whereby the distance between the
measuring cell to the detector corresponds to the focal
length of the convex lens used in conventional systems.
To change the measuring range, the measuring cell can
simply be moved along the optical axis. The lens system
must thus not be exchanged and recalibration of the device
is not necessary. With this patented design, it is possible to
cover the entire measuring range. There is no need to ad-
just the equivalent diameter to suit the different systems
(e.g. additional detectors, complex lens systems, additional
optical devices, etc.). By increasing the distance between
the measuring cell and the detector, large particles can be
measured. To measure small particles down to submicron
size the distance between the cell and the detector is sim-
ply decreased without any need for cumbersome exchange
of lenses.
1.3.2 Description of the device
The ECONOMY model consists of a combined device pro-
viding highest user-friendliness.
It includes various state-of-the art features of modern proc-
essor and computer-controlled technology.
The dispersing unit for the measuring of suspensions is
equipped with a separate process control system for all
functions from sample preparation to introduction.

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The system is controlled by means of a mouse and monitor,
via keyboard or touchpad. You also have the option to
combine PC and process control system to complete indi-
vidually programmed measuring cycles including
background measurement
sampling
measuring (single and multiple measurements)
recording of the results
rinsing and restart after a set delay.
This allows for routine processing, as the individual cycles
can be started by the pressing of a button. For ONLINE
measurements, you have the option to programme sam-
pling by extraction from a connected BY-PASS.
A dispersing unit for small liquid samples is available as
auxiliary device, allowing for the easy preparation of small
suspension samples. It allows for the analysis of small liq-
uid samples (approx. 100 ml).
You have the option to select any range between the
smallest measuring range (0.1µm to approx. 25µm) (meas-
uring cell at smallest possible distance to sensor) and the
largest range (10µm to 600µm, largest distance between
cell and detector) for your sample.
You can thus for example process a range of between
0.1µm and 600µm in one single measuring procedure by
combining up to 10 individual measuring cycles.
If you need a better resolution as regards particle size dis-
tribution, simply enter the number of desired measurement
channels for each multiple cycle.
After you have the defined the lower and upper limit of the
range, the measurement is divided into maximum 10 adja-
cent measuring ranges, while the sample is entered only
once prior to starting the procedure.
The result of such a procedure is subsequently available at
high resolution in up to 310 channels. This allows for a the
accurate analysis of for example highly inhomogeneous
samples that contain particles of various size. The high
resolution ensures an accuracy that is not achievable with
other methods.
High resolution output is also of interest for very fine parti-
cles: by means of multiple measurements within narrow lim-
its, e.g. 0.1µm and 60µm, a sample can be measured using
for instance 155 (or more) measuring channels.

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1.4 Technical Data
Dimensions and weight
Dimensions: 850 x 420 x 340 mm (width x depth x height)
Net weight: 36 kg
Gross weight: 65 kg
Operating noise
The noise level is 42dbB(A).
Voltage
230 V ± 10% one-phase DC
Current consumption
The maximum current consumption is 0.65 A
Power consumption
The maximum power consumption is 150 W.
Electrical fuses
The fuses are located at the rear of the device near the
power switch.
Replacement of fuses:
Main fuse: 1 x safety fuse 2A mT 5x20mm
Laser fuse: 1x fine-wire fuse 500 mA fast 5x20mm
Measuring range
0.1 – 600 µm
Measuring cycle time
~ 10 s
Sample size / volume
approx. 0.2 – 1 g in 200 ml of liquid

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2 Safety
2.1 General safety instructions
•Please read the operating instructions carefully.
•The device may only be used for the purpose descripbed
in chapter 1.3 Brief description of the machine
•Use only original auxiliary material. Non-compliance
might impair the safety of the machine.
•All operating staff must be familiar with the content of
this manual. Ensure that this manual is available near
the device for reference purposes.
•Do not remove warning signs.
•Always comply with general standards for safe work.
•Any unauthorised modification tot he device shall void
the warranty and the EU Declaration of Conformity is-
sued by Fritsch.
•When measuring oxidable substances, e.g. metals, or-
ganic compounds, timber, coal, plastics, etc., there is a
risk of self-ignition (dust explosion) if the fine particle
content exceeds a certain level. Such substances may
only be processed by specialised staff and special safety
measures (e.g. measuring in suspension) must be taken.
•Ensure that the applicable maximum workplace exposure
values according defined in the relevant safety regula-
tions are not exceeded. This might require additional
ventilation or installation of the device within an extrac-
tor.
•The device is not explosion-proof and is thus not suit-
able for the measuring of explosive or flammable sub-
stances.
•The device may not be operated in an electrically con-
ductive, dusty or humid environment.
•Ensure that liquids cannot penetrate the machine.
•Do not use for flammable liquids such as alcohols, ke-
tones, petroleum spirits, etc.
2.2 Special safety instructions
The measuring unit of the "analysette 22" is equipped with
a helium neon laser with a power of 4 mW. The "analysette
22 ECONOMY" is thus a laser class 3 device. In Germany,
the laser device may thus only be operated in accordance
with the safety instructions in EN 60825, parts 1 and 2.
Prior to using the device, the operator must be fully familiar
with possible risks in connection with laser devices. Ac-
cording to the above regulations, the laser device is
equipped with a key switch located at the rear of the meas-
uring unit to prevent inadvertent or unauthorised use.
Warning signs regarding laser radiation are attached to the
front of the protective cover as well as at the tube of the
optical unit inside the device.
VORSICHT LASERSTRAHLUNG;
WENN ABDECKUNG GEÖFFNET
NICHT IN DEN STRAHL
BLICKEN!

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CAUTION!
•Never look into the laser beam!
•Do not use reflecting objects near the laser beam.
•For maintenance work at the exposed laser emitter, wear
suitable protective goggles (< 10 mW, 632.8 nm).
•Devices equipped with laser emitters may only be oper-
ated by authorised personnel.
•Prior to using the device, the operator must be fully fa-
miliar with possible risks in connection with laser emit-
ters.
•Do not remove warning signs and instructions attached
to the unit.
The ultrasonic bath of the liquid dispersing unit is rated for
140 W. The PZT ultrasound transducer attached to the ul-
trasonic bath converts the supplied electrical power into
mechanical oscillations. Fritsch ultrasonic baths are de-
signed for liquids and a frequency of 35 kHz. In the proc-
ess, minute vacuums occur and implode (cavitation). The
cavitation leads to the disintegration of agglomerates.
Liquids contained solved gases (e.g. oxygen). Liquids that
have just been filled into the bath or substances that have
been in the bath for a prolonged period of time must be
treated with ultrasound for approx. 5 to 15 minutes prior to
processing. During this treatment, the gas is removed, and
the cavitation sound changes so that there are no loud
noises anymore after the degassing has been completed.
Low sound levels thus indicate that the degassing process
is near completion and are not a sign of insufficient ultra-
sonic power.
CAUTION!
•Do not operate ultrasonic batch if it does not contain any
liquid.
•Do not clean the ultrasonic bath with flammable liquids
(e.g. petroleum, solvents) or chemicals that contain or
release chlorine ions (e.g. disinfectants, commercial de-
tergents and washing-up liquids).
•Do not use corrosive detergents (e.g. acids, salt solu-
tions).
•Do not touch the cleaning solution while the ultrasonic
bath is cleaned.
•The cleaning solution might be heated by continued op-
eration; therefore check temperature.
2.3 Operating staff
•The device may only be operated by authorised person-
nel. Maintenance and repair work must be carried out by
specifically trained technical staff.
•Persons under the influence of medication, alcohol or il-
legal drugs, and persons suffering from illnesses or ex-
treme fatigue may not operate the machine.

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2.4 Protective devices
Do not remove or otherwise modify the protective devices
such as covers, etc. They may only be used for the in-
tended purpose.
2.5 Special risks
When the cell is moved, there is a risk of injury from crush-
ing near the cell holder.
4 mW laser emitter of laser class 3; do not look into the la-
ser beam.
2.6 Electrical safety
Caution:
The power supply line to the measuring unit must be
secured with a fault current protection switch.
2.6.1 General electrical safety instructions
The mains switch allows for disconnection of both poles
from the power supply.
2.6.2 Overload protection
The device is protected against overload by the power sup-
ply fuse.
3 Installation
3.1 Unpacking
Place the box in the position as indicated by the arrows!
Weights:
Measuring unit including dispersing unit for liquids: 36 kg
Check delivery against your order! In the event of missing
parts and/or transport damage, immediately contact the
haulier and FRITSCH GmbH (within 24 hours). Late notifi-
cations cannot be accepted.
3.2 Transport
When transporting the device over long distances, place it
in the transport box and secure it properly.
3.3 Installation on site
•The device is designed for indoor use. Position it onto a
level and solid surface. It is not necessary to secure the
machine to the floor.
•Protect the device from extreme heat (sunlight, radiation
from heating system, etc.), dust and humidity (>85%).
•The permitted ambient temperature for operation may
not exceed 35°C or be below 10°C. The permitted tem-
perature range is 1°C to 40°C. If it is foreseeable that
the device might be exposed to lower temperatures, e.g.
during transport, the entire suspension cycle (dispersing
unit, tubes and measuring cell in the measuring unit)
must be thoroughly rinsed with ethanol and the ethanol
must subsequently be completed removed.

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•Do not switch on devices that have been exposed to low
temperatures.
•Allow unit to warm up until it has reached the permitted
ambient temperature in order to eliminate condensation
that might lead to damage.
•It is recommended to position the computer in such a
way that its monitor is facing away from direct light in or-
der to prevent glare. It might be sufficient to rotate the
monitor slightly away from the light to obtain better con-
trast.
•Install the unit in a position where it can be easily and
safely operated. The measuring cell should be fully ac-
cessible when the measuring unit is opened.
•It is forbidden to install the unit at a location that is ex-
posed to flooding. Do not install the unit at a location
where water might collect on the floor after damage to
pipes, etc. If there is not suitable alternative location
available, position the device on blocks.
•Prior to commissioning, remove transport inserts (1)
placed inside the device.
3.4 Electrical connection
Prior to connecting the unit to the power supply, refer to the
type plate to ensure that the unit is rate for the mains volt-
age and current.
See also chapter 1.4 Technical Data
.
Caution: The power supply line to the measuring unit
must be secured with a fault current protection switch.
The measuring unit, computer and printer are connected
with separate power cables to the supplied multiple socket.
1

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3.4.1 Electrical fuses
The
device fuses are located at the rear of the device beside
the connectors (adapter for non-heated devices).
REPLACEMENT:
Main fuse: 1 x safety fuse 2A mT 5x20mm
Laser fuse: 1x fine-wire fuse 500 mA fast 5x20mm
3.4.2 Stability of mains power
Devices containing electronic assemblies require a stable
supply voltage (max. fluctuation of +/- 5%). For weak sup-
ply networks and networks with interference (peak voltage
resulting from changes in the inductive load or switch mode
power supply systems), we recommend the installation of a
stabiliser and filter (order no. 20.600.00).
3.4.3 Adjustment of device to power supply
The unit cannot be adapted to different supply voltages. If
your mains voltage is not 230V, you must install a trans-
former.
For mains voltages other than 230V, please contact the
manufacturer.
3.5 Setting up of computer
For instructions see the software manual.

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4 Integrated Dispersing Unit for Liquids
4.1 Installation of hose connections
The following components are attached to the rear of the
device:
2 pipe sockets for hoses (20mm internal diameter)
1 barrel nipple for hose (6 mm internal diameter)
The 20-mm pipe sockets are connected to the outlet valve
or overflow for liquid samples and rinsing solutions.
When installing hoses, prevent kinking.
The overflow hose must installed at a slope from the
overflow outlet.
Connect
supply to the enclosed pressure reducing valve (1).
Connect the inlet end of the pressure-reducing valve to
the central supply line for demineralised and filtered wa-
ter or
a tank for liquids.
The hose connections must be secured with hose clamps.
Zulauf
Liquid Supply
Überlauf
Overflow
Abfluss
Drain
Zulauf
Liquid Supply
1

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The maximum permitted pressure for hose lines is 1.5 bar.
Most operators use demineralised filtered water for sus-
pension, and this liquid is fed through connection "IN" into
the dispersing unit.
Hose connections to measuring cell
The measuring unit of the ECONOMY model is equipped
with one hose connection,
which is generally factory-mounted.
If this is not the case, please proceed as follows:
1. Connect lower inlet (IN) of the measuring cell to "TO
CELL" adapter.
2. Connect upper outlet (OUT) of the measuring cell to "TO
CELL" adapter.
3. Secure hoses with hose clamps.
The sample liquid flows upwards through the device.
The hoses inside the measuring unit must be installed in
such a way that
the movement of the measuring cell is not obstructed
the hoses are not within the range of the laser beam
the hoses are not kinked.
IN
OUT

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Prior to fastening the hose clamps, shorten hoses or rotate
them until they are properly positioned inside the device.
Prior to the first measuring cycle, inspect the supply hoses
of the measuring cell for proper installation while moving
the cell from its left to its right stop.
Risk of injury: When the cover is opened and the drive sys-
tem of the cell is on, there is a risk of injury from crushing.
The measuring cell is moved every time the measuring
range is changed: if the smallest measuring range is se-
lected, the cell is at the right stop. When the measuring
range is increased, it is moved to the left.
For the instructions regarding the programme and settings,
please refer to the software manual.
4.2 Liquids suitable for dispersion
Inside the device (supply and measuring unit), all surfaces
that are in direct contact with the sample liquid are made in
chemically resistant materials. Within certain limits, it is
thus possible to process certain organic liquids or saturated
salt solutions.
(Inside the unit, the sample liquid is in direct contact with
stainless steel, glass, Teflon, Kalrez (FFKKM) and Viton
(FPM or FKM). The standard connecting hoses are made in
Tubclair or PVC.
For the processing of samples that cannot be dispersed in
water, one of the following liquids may be used:
•Monohydric, dihydric or trihydric alcohol (with the excep-
tion of methanol), e.g. ethanol, isopropanol, glycol or
glycerol
•Benzines (petroleum ether, light gasoline, kerosene,
etc.)
•Mineral and organic oils such as petroleum, soy oil, nut
oil, olive oil, etc.
•cyclic aromatics/cyclic carbon hydrates (toluol: only
short cycles, rinse immediately after measurement is
completed)
•Alkanes
•(hexane, heptane: only short cycles, rinse immediately
after measurement is completed to prevent corrosion at
the connecting hoses)
•Formaldehyde
•Saturated inorganic salt solutions
Do not use any other substances without first consulting
the manufacturer.

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We strongly recommend that you refrain from using
hazardous substances that might affect the health of
the operating staff, or explosive or flammable liquids.
The above list of substances refers only to their chemi-
cal compatibility .
The measuring and the dispersing unit are not explo-
sion-proof devices.
To reduce the consumption of liquids, use the dispersing
unit for small samples.
Never use:
Ketones (acetone, propanone, butanone, cyclohexanone),
ether, fluorochlorocarbons,
amines, Freon 21-32, methanol, aniline, benzene,
chlorocarbons and acetic acid and their derivatives, con-
centrated acidic and alkaline solutions
When using hazardous liquids, always comply with the re-
spective health and safety instructions. If required, install
the measuring and the dispersing unit in a safety zone
equipped with an extractor system.
4.3 Signal lines
In the ECONOMY model, the dispersing unit is fully inte-
grated and must thus not be separately connected.
Attach 9-pin adapter (1) to COM1 or
COM2 at the computer.
Connect the measuring unit to the computer using the sup-
plied shielded ribbon cable (2).
Prior to inserting the power plug of the unit into the multiple
socket bar, inspect all connections.
2
Netzanschluss
AC power
1

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ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN MILLING PARTICLE SIZING DIVIDING ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN MILLING PARTICLE SIZING DIVIDING ZERKLEINERN PARTIKELMESSEN TEILEN
4.4 Cleaning
4.4.1 Cleaning of the device
The device can be cleaned with a moist cloth.
Ensure that no liquids penetrate the machine.
4.4.2 Cleaning of the measuring cell
Generally, it is sufficient to regularly rinse the measuring
cell with a clear liquid. To remove deposits, add little deter-
gent to the rinsing liquid. Normally, a few drops of a com-
mercial detergent with surfactants is sufficient (washing-up
liquid e.g. Fairy Liquidor liquid soap).
If necessary, use 2 g of fine abrasive agent. (household
cleaner ATA, VIM, etc.).
Oily residue can be removed with a slightly alkaline deter-
gent.
It might at some stage become necessary to clean the in-
side of the measuring cell. This is for example the case, if
many small light dots are visible at the inside of the window
when the measuring cell is positioned to the left (laser
emitter on) and if these dots cannot be removed with re-
peated rinsing, or if the window has gone blind.
To dismantle the measuring cell,open the cover while
switching off the laser emitter.
Prior to opening the cell, drain the entire measuring cycle.
To do this, press the "Drain" key at the dispersing unit and
collect the liquid in the ultrasonic bath.

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Open the protective cover at the inside of the measuring
unit and position the cell at the centre between maximum
and minimum range (around 60 mm). Loosen the screws at
the left side of the cell holder by using a 3-mm Allen key
and remove the cell by lifting and pulling it forward.
Disconnect the hoses from the cell. Cut the hoses, if they
are hard to remove. By proceeding as described above,
the ball bearing of the cell will not be damaged, while the
cell interior is protected against contamination.
Prior to dismantling the measuring cell and cleaning the
window, spacer and seals, prepare a spray bottle with dis-
tilled water. and have special lens cleaning tissues handy.
Clean the devices on a clean working surface.
Use a 2-mm Allen key to loosen the 4 screws that hold to-
gether the two sections of the measuring cell and carefully
remove one half of the cell. Ensure that the windows (2)
(two optical glass panes with parallel faces) remain in their
frames! The outside of the windows is equipped with a anti-
reflex coating that is easily damaged.

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Carefully lift off the spacer (1) and put it onto the special
paper.
To clean the windows (2), proceed with special caution.
Only touch the edge of the window (2). Carefully lift the
windows (2) from the two cell sections and place them onto
the cleaning tissue, whereby the outside must face down.
To clean the windows (2), we recommend to proceed as
follows:
Spray and rinse the windows (2)
with distilled water until all large dirt
particles are removed. Place the
windows (2) onto the special tissue,
whereby this time the inside must
face down. Spray glass panes with
distilled water and 1 drop of surfac-
tant (Fairy Liquid) so that the paper
adheres to the glass panes.
To wipe the surface, pull the tissue over the surface without
pressing it against the glass.
If necessary repeat this procedure with a clean tissue until
all dirt particles are removed. Treat sample residue that
cannot be removed with the above method with surfactant
(e.g. Fairy Liquid) and let soak in. Subsequently, wipe
panes carefully with the special tissue.
Rinse windows (2) thoroughly with distilled water from the
spray bottle and let dry on the special tissue. If necessary,
cover the windows (2) to protect them against contamina-
tion until they are reinstalled.
1
22
1
2
aussen
outside
innen
inside
Teil 2