Hioki 3156 User manual

Printed on recycled paper Printed in Japan
Edited and published by Hioki E.E. Corporation
Technical Support Section
• All reasonable care has been taken in the production of this manual,
but if you find any points which are unclear or in error, please contact
your supplier or the International Sales and Marketing Department at
Hioki headquarters.
• In the interests of product development, the contents of this manual are
subject to revision without prior notice.
• The content of this manual is protected by copyright. No reproduction,
duplication or modification of the content is permitted without the
authorization of Hioki E.E. Corporation.
HEAD OFFICE
81 Koizumi, Ueda, Nagano 386-1192, Japan
TEL [phone] FAX [phone]
E-mail: [email protected] URL http://www.hioki.com/
(International Sales and Marketing Department)
HIOKI USA CORPORATION
6 Corporate Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
TEL [phone] FAX [phone]
Instruction Manual
3156
LEAK CURRENT
August 2009 Revised edition 10 3156A981-10 09-08H
HiTESTER

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Contents
Contents
Introduction.................................................................................1
Standard Accessories ................................................................1
Safety Notes...............................................................................2
Usage Notes...............................................................................5
Chapter 1 Overview _________________________ 9
1.1 Instrument Overview .....................................................9
1.2 Features ......................................................................10
1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement ........................11
1.3.1 What is Leakage Current? .............................................11
1.3.2 Leakage Current Measurement Complying
with Standards ..............................................................11
1.3.3 Types of Leakage Current Measurement ......................13
1.4 Measurement Flowchart..............................................20
Chapter 2 Parts Names______________________ 21
2.1 External Dimensions ...................................................21
2.2 Instrument Labels and Functions ................................22
2.3 About the Touch Panel................................................26
Chapter 3 Measurement Preparations _________ 27
3.1 Connecting the Power Cord ........................................27
3.2 Connecting the 9170-10 TEST LEAD .........................29
3.2.1 Using the 9195 ENCLOSURE PROBE .........................30
3.2.2 Using Alligator Clips ......................................................30
3.3 Turning Power On .......................................................31
3.4 Turning Power Off .......................................................33
3.5 Turning the Circuit Breaker ON and OFF....................34
3.6 Pre-Test Inspection .....................................................35
Chapter 4 Connection_______________________ 37
4.1 Using the Terminal Block ............................................38
4.2 Earth Leakage Current Measurement.........................39
4.3 Enclosure Leakage Current Measurement .................40
4.3.1 Measuring Leakage Current
between Enclosure and Earth .......................................40
4.3.2 Measuring Leakage Current
between Enclosure and Enclosure ................................42

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Contents
4.3.3 Measuring Leakage Current
between Enclosure and Line ........................................ 44
4.4 Patient Leakage Current I Measurement.................... 46
4.5 Patient Leakage Current II Measurement................... 47
4.6 Patient Leakage Current III Measurement.................. 48
4.7 Patient Auxiliary Current Measurement...................... 49
Chapter 5 Measurement Method ______________ 51
5.1 Selecting a Network.................................................... 51
5.2 Selecting the Grounding Class of
Equipment Under Test .......................................... 52
5.2.1 Registering an Equipment Name/Control Number ....... 53
5.3 Selecting a Measurement Mode................................. 54
5.4 Setting Measurement Items........................................ 56
5.4.1 Performing Zero Adjustment ......................................... 58
5.4.2 Setting the Allowable Value .......................................... 60
5.4.3 Setting the Filter ............................................................ 62
5.4.4 Selecting the Type of Target Current ............................ 64
5.4.5 Setting the Measurement Range (Auto/Hold) ............... 66
5.4.6 Changing the Measurement Method
(Auto/Manual) ............................................................... 71
5.4.7 Manual Measurement ................................................... 71
5.4.8 Automatic Measurement ............................................... 72
5.4.9 Printing Measurement Data .......................................... 77
5.4.10 Saving Measurement Data ........................................... 78
5.4.11 Saving Measurement Conditions (Panel Save Function) 79
Chapter 6 System Screen ____________________83
6.1 Initializing the Instrument............................................ 84
6.2 Setting Date and Time................................................ 86
6.3 Setting the Beep Sound.............................................. 87
6.4 Self-Test ..................................................................... 88
6.5 Setting the Backlight................................................... 90
6.6 Setting the Display Language..................................... 91
6.7 Selecting an Interface................................................. 92
6.8 Checking the Power Line for Equipment Under Test . 94
6.8.1 About the NG Indication ................................................ 95
6.9 Setting the Mode ........................................................ 97
6.10 Checking Saved Measurement Data.......................... 99
6.10.1 Deleting Saved Data ................................................... 100
6.10.2 Printing Saved Data (with 9442 PRINTER connected) 101

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Contents
6.10.3 Displaying All Measurement Reference
Information for Selected Mode ....................................102
6.10.4 Changing the Data Unit Mode .....................................103
6.11 Loading Saved Measurement Conditions .................104
Chapter 7 GP-IB/RS-232C Interface___________ 105
7.1 Overview and Features .............................................105
7.2 Specifications ............................................................106
7.2.1 Specifications of RS-232C ..........................................106
7.2.2 Specifications of GP-IB ...............................................107
7.3 Connection and Setting.............................................108
7.3.1 Attaching the Connector.............................................. 108
7.3.2 Communication Conditions .........................................109
7.3.3 Screen Display ............................................................110
7.4 Communication Methods ..........................................111
7.4.1 Message Format .........................................................111
7.4.2 Output Queue and Input Buffer ...................................116
7.4.3 Status Byte Register ..................................................117
7.4.4 Event Registers ...........................................................119
7.4.5 Initialization Items ........................................................122
7.5 Message Reference ..................................................123
7.5.1 Common Messages ....................................................123
7.5.2 Messages Specific to the 3156 ...................................124
7.6 Message Reference ..................................................129
7.6.1 Message Reference ....................................................130
7.6.2 Messages Specific to the 3156 ...................................135
7.7 Loading All Saved Data.............................................191
7.8 Troubleshooting ........................................................192
7.9 Device Compliance Statement..................................193
Chapter 8 EXT I/O Terminal _________________ 197
8.1 Description of Signals ...............................................198
8.2 Connecting to the EXT I/O Terminal .........................199
8.3 Electrical Specifications ............................................202
8.4 Internal Circuit Configuration.....................................203
8.5 Timing Chart..............................................................204
8.5.1 Panel load function at EXT I/O start ............................206
8.5.2 Zero Adjustment Function by External I/O ..................207
8.6 Example of Output Signal Connection ......................208

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Contents
Chapter 9 Using the Printer _________________ 209
9.1 Preparation before Connection................................. 209
9.2 Connection Method .................................................. 212
Chapter 10 Specifications __________________215
10.1 Measurement Functions ........................................... 215
10.2 Measurement System .............................................. 216
10.3 Other Functions ........................................................ 217
10.4 System-related Functions......................................... 219
10.5 Accuracy................................................................... 220
10.5.1 Current Measurement Section .................................... 220
10.5.2 Network Section .......................................................... 222
10.6 Interfaces.................................................................. 223
10.7 Printer ....................................................................... 224
10.8 General Specifications.............................................. 225
10.9 Measurement Networks............................................ 227
10.9.1 Network A (for Electrical Appliance and Material
Safety Law) ................................................................. 227
10.9.2 Network B (for medical electrical equipment) ............. 228
10.9.3 Network C (for IEC 60990) ......................................... 229
10.9.4 Network D (for UL) ...................................................... 231
10.9.5 Network E (General-purpose 1) .................................. 232
10.9.6 Network F (General-purpose 2) .................................. 232
Chapter 11 Maintenance and Service _________ 233
11.1 Cleaning and Storage............................................... 233
11.2 Repair and Servicing ................................................ 234
11.3 Replacing Fuses....................................................... 236
11.4 Instrument Disposal.................................................. 238
Appendix ________________________________239

Introduction
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Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI “3156 LEAK CURRENT HiT-
ESTER”. To obtain maximum performance from the instrument, please
read this manual first, and keep it handy for future reference.
Standard Accessories
Checking the contents of the package
When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no
damage occurred during shipping. In particular, check the accessories
and connectors. If damage is evident, or if it fails to operate according
to the specifications, contact your dealer or Hioki representative.
Before using the 3156
• Before using the instrument the first time, verify that it operates normally to
ensure that the no damage occurred during storage or shipping. If you find
any damage, contact your dealer or Hioki representative.
• Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the test leads
is undamaged and that no bare conductors are improperly exposed. Using
the instrument under such conditions could result in electrocution. Replace
the test leads with the specified Hioki Model 9170-10.
Shipping precautions
Use the original packing materials when reshipping the instrument, if
possible.
3156 LEAK CURRENT HiTESTER (1)
Instruction manual (1)
Power cord (2) 9170-10 TEST LEAD (2sets)
(2 red, 2 black, 1 spare included)
9195 ENCLOSURE PROBE (1) Alligator clips (3)
(2 red, 1 black)
Spare fuse for measurement
operation 250V T32mAL (1) 9399 CARRYING
CASE (1)
Spare fuse for main instrument
power supply 250V T0.1AL (1)

Safety Notes
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Safety Notes
This manual contains information and warnings essential for safe
operation of the instrument and for maintaining it in safe operating
condition. Before using the instrument, be sure to carefully read the
following safety notes.
Safety Symbols
The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative importance
of cautions and warnings.
This instrument is designed to comply with IEC 61010 Safety
Standards, and has been thoroughly tested for safety prior to
shipment. However, mishandling during use could result in injury
or death, as well as damage to the instrument. However, using
the instrument in a way not described in this manual may negate
the provided safety features. Be certain that you understand the
instructions and precautions in the manual before use. We dis-
claim any responsibility for accidents or injuries not resulting
directly from instrument defects.
In the manual, the symbol indicates particularly
important information that the user should read before
using the instrument.
The symbol printed on the instrument indicates that
the user should refer to a corresponding topic in the man-
ual (marked with the symbol) before using the relevant
function.
Indicates a fuse.
Indicates a grounding terminal.
Indicates AC (Alternating Current).
Indicates the ON side of the power switch.
Indicates the OFF side of the power switch.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents an extreme
hazard that could result in serious injury or death to the
user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a significant
hazard that could result in serious injury or death to the
user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility
of injury to the user or damage to the instrument.
Advisory items related to performance or correct opera-
tion of the instrument.

Safety Notes
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Other Symbols
Accuracy
We define measurement tolerances in terms of f.s. (full scale), rdg.
(reading) and dgt. (digit) values, with the following meanings:
f.s. (maximum display value or scale length)
The maximum displayable value or the full length of the scale.
This is usually the maximum value of the currently selected range.
rdg. (reading or displayed value)
The value currently being measured and indicated on the measuring
instrument.
dgt. (resolution)
The smallest displayable unit on a digital measuring instrument, i.e.,
the input value that causes the digital display to show a "1".
Indicates the prohibited action.
❖Indicates the reference.
Indicates descriptions relating to the GP-IB only.
Indicates descriptions relating to the RS-232C only.

Safety Notes
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Measurement categories (Overvoltage categories)
This instrument complies with CAT II (300 V) safety requirements.
To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments, IEC 61010
establishes safety standards for various electrical environments, cate-
gorized as CAT I to CAT IV, and called measurement categories.
These are defined as follows.
Higher-numbered categories correspond to electrical environments
with greater momentary energy. So a measurement device designed
for CAT III environments can endure greater momentary energy than a
device designed for CAT II.
Using a measurement instrument in an environment designated with a
higher-numbered category than that for which the instrument is rated
could result in a severe accident, and must be carefully avoided.
Never use a CAT I measuring instrumentin CAT II, III, or IV environ-
ments.
The measurement categories comply with the Overvoltage Categories
of the IEC60664 Standards.
CAT I Secondary electrical circuits connected to an AC
electrical outlet through a transformer or similar device.
CAT II Primary electrical circuits in equipment connected to an
AC electrical outlet by a power cord (portable tools,
household appliances, etc.)
CAT III Primary electrical circuits of heavy equipment (fixed
installations) connected directly to the distribution
panel, and feeders from the distribution panel to out-
lets.
CAT IV The circuit from the service drop to the service
entrance, and to the power meter and primary overcur-
rent protection device (distribution panel).

Usage Notes
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Usage Notes
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the
full benefits of the various functions.
• To avoid electric shock, do not allow the instrument to get wet,
and do not use it when your hands are wet.
• Do not use the instrument where it may be exposed to corro-
sive or combustible gases. The instrument may be damaged or
cause an explosion.
Do not get wet.
• This instrument should be installed and operated indoors only,
between 0 and 40°C and 80% RH or less
• Do not store or use the instrument where it could be exposed to
direct sunlight, high temperature or humidity, or condensation.
Under such conditions, the instrument may be damaged and insula-
tion may deteriorate so that it no longer meets specifications.
• This instrument is not designed to be entirely water- or dust-proof.
To avoid damage, do not use it in a wet or dusty environment.
• Do not use the instrument near a device that generates a strong
electromagnetic field or electrostatic charge, as these may cause
erroneous measurements.
• To avoid damage to the instrument, protect it from vibration or
shock during transport and handling, and be especially careful to
avoid dropping.
• If the protective functions of the instrument are damaged, either
remove it from service or mark it clearly so that others do not use it
inadvertently.
If the instrument operates abnormally or displays an abnormal indication,
turn off the power switch immediately, and contact your dealer or Hioki rep-
resentative.
Setting up the 3156
Direct
sunlight
Dust
High temperature
High humidity

Usage Notes
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• Before turning on the instrument, confirm that the voltage of
the power source matches the voltage specification indicated
on the instrument's power connector ([AC IN]). (The voltage
specification (100, 120, 220 or 240 V) ordered by the customer
is marked with a black dot in the line voltage column on the
rear panel.)
Note that using the power supply with improper voltage may
damage the instrument and result in electrical hazards.
• To prevent electric shock and ensure safe instrument opera-
tion, connect the power cord provided to a grounded (3-con-
tact) outlet.
Do not use excessive force on the touch panel, and do not use sharp
objects that could damage the touch screen.
Precautions before measurement
Fuse
• Replace the fuse only with one of the specified characteristics
and voltage and current ratings. Using a non-specified fuse or
shorting the fuse holder may cause a life-threatening hazard.
Power supply section : F250V T0.1AL
Measurement terminal section : F250V T32mAL
• To avoid electric shock, turn off the power switch and discon-
nect the power cord and test leads before replacing the fuse.

Usage Notes
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Connection
• To avoid electrocution, turn off the power to all devices before plug-
ging or unplugging any of the interface connectors.
• To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord,
when unplugging the cord from the power outlet.
• To avoid damaging the probes, do not bend or pull the probes.
• When the power is turned off, do not apply voltage or current to the
measurement terminals. Doing so may damage the instrument.
• L (Line), N (Neutral) and G (Ground) are indicated on the terminal
block of the instrument, and the contacts of the power cord of the
device to be measured are denoted L, N and E (Earth). Connect the
wires as shown below.
Other wiring configurations may cause electric shock or damage.
Note. If the power cord does not include an earth (E) line, connect
only the L and N terminals.
3156 Terminal block Power cord (cable case)
LNG
N
E
L
Measurement
To avoid the risk of electric shock, do not touch the tips of test
leads connected to terminals T1, T2, and T3.
In some measurement modes, high voltage is output from the
terminals.

Usage Notes
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1.1 Instrument Overview
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To ensure the safe use of electrical products, it is necessary to con-
duct electrical safety tests such as insulation resistance, withstand
voltage, ground resistance, and leakage current.
This instrument can be used to measure leakage current in all types of
electrical products ranging from computers to medical equipment.
The instrument complies not only with medical electrical equipment
standards but also standards and laws concerning other electrical
products. This instrument consists of measurement networks that sim-
ulate the human body, and a high-frequency voltmeter, and can mea-
sure leakage current in compliance with various standards and laws.
The instrument can also switch power supply polarities in equipment
under test and measure leakage current under a simulated single-fault
condition.
Because operation keys displayed on the touch panel are used to
select and execute test items, it is easy to measure leakage current
with the instrument.
Overview Chapter 1
1.1 Instrument Overview
Applicable lines of business and product applications
Manufacturers of medical
electrical equipment
Type approval testing, shipment
inspection
Dealers of medical electrical
equipment Maintenance, inspection
Service technicians for medical
electrical equipment
(authorized service technicians)
Maintenance, inspection
Clinical engineers, hospitals Maintenance, inspection
Clinical engineering schools For educational purposes
Authorized electricians
for operating rooms, ICUs, and CCUs Isolation transformer inspection
Public organizations Type inspection
Manufacturers of general
electrical equipment
Type inspection, shipment
inspection
Users of general electrical equipment Maintenance, inspection
General electrical equipment installers Maintenance, inspection
Service technicians for general
electrical equipment Maintenance, inspection
Manufacturers of general electrical
equipment parts
Type inspection, shipment
inspection
Manufacturers of power supply
equipment
Type inspection, shipment
inspection

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1.2 Features
HIOKI
1.2 Features
Wide range of measurement networks in compliance
with standards and laws
To test electrical equipment for leakage current, it is necessary to use a mea-
surement network that simulates the human body in compliance with applica-
ble standards or laws.
The instrument includes the six measurement networks below.
The use of these networks enables instrument compliance with other stan-
dards.
(1) Network A : For compliance with JIS Electrical Appliance and
MaterialSafety Law
(2) Network B : For medical electrical equipment
(3) Network C : For IEC60990
(4) Network D : For UL
(5) Network E : For general-purpose 1
(6) Network F : For general-purpose 2
Leakage current measurement mode
Once a measurement network is set, the instrument displays a leak-
age current measurement mode corresponding to the applicable stan-
dard or law.
(1) Earth leakage current
(2) Leakage current between enclosure and earth
(3) Leakage current between enclosure and enclosure
(4) Leakage current between enclosure and line
(5) Patient auxiliary current
(6) Patient leakage current I
(7) Patient leakage current II
(8) Patient leakage current III
Ease of operation
Once a measurement network is set, the instrument displays a leak-
age current measurement mode corresponding to the applicable stan-
dard or law.
All operations are performed using the touch panel. The display shows
operable keys and the interactive system guides you through mea-
surement procedures.
Interfaces
The RS-232C, GP-IB, and EXT I/O interfaces are provided as stan-
dard equipment to enable the easy transfer of measurement data with
a computer. The EXT I/O connector allows external control.
Printing (with optional printer)
Connect the optional 9442 PRINTER to print out measurement data
and saved measurement data.
Monitor function
The instrument is equipped with a function to monitor the power supply
voltage and current of equipment under test.

1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement
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1.3.1 What is Leakage Current?
High voltage is generated in an electrical appliance that uses a com-
mercial power supply as its main power source. Should an abnormality
occur in such an appliance (due to faulty design or fault), electric cur-
rent flows through the body of anyone who touches the appliance.
This electric current is called "leakage current."
Leakage current can cause serious personal injury.
Severe electric shock can even result in death.
Some types of leakage current flow constantly, but leakage current,
including under the single-fault condition*, are strictly regulated by
safety standards. Equipment safety can be assured by measuring
leakage current according to the applicable standard.
*: What is a single-fault condition?
This refers to when equipment has a fault in a safety protection mea-
sure, or a fault that may result in a hazardous condition.
1.3.2 Leakage Current Measurement Complying
with Standards
Electrical safety standards and laws are enacted for electrical prod-
ucts according to fields of application. Each standard and law specifies
a circuit network (hereafter called a measurement network) for simu-
lating the human body, and prescribes network performance, as well
as measuring locations, type (e.g., AC, DC) of current to be measured,
allowable values, and other characteristics.
Listed below are various standards that require leakage current mea-
surement.
The year in parenthesis following each standard shows the issued
date. This product does not conform to the standards revised after the
years in parenthesis.
1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement

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1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement
HIOKI
(As of October 3, 2002)
Standards requiring leakage current measurement
Electrical equipment
General International IEC60065 ('98) Audio, video, and similar electronic apparatus
- Safety requirements
IEC60335-1 ('01) Safety of household and similar electrical appliances
Part 1: General requirements
IEC60950-1 ('01) Information technology equipment - Safety
- Part 1: General requirements
IEC60990 ('99) Methods of measuring touch current and protective
conductor current
General (Japanese) JIS C6065 ('98) Safety of home electronic equipment
JIS C9335-1 ('98) Safety of household and similar electric appliances
- Part 1: General requirements
JIS C6950 ('01) Safety of information technology equipment
Individual (Japanese) Individual JIS standards
Electric measuring instruments
General (Japanese) JIS C1010-1 ('98) Safety of equipment for measurement, control,
and laboratory use - Part 1: General requirements
International IEC61010-1 ('90) +
Amd.1 ('92) + Amd.2 ('95)
Safety requirements for electrical equipment
for measurement, control, and laboratory use
- Part 1: General requirements
Medical electrical equipment
General (Japanese) JIS T1001 ('92) General safety regulations for medical electrical
equipment
JIS T1002 ('92) General regulations for method of testing safety
of medical electrical equipment
JIS T0601-1 ('99) Medical electrical equipment
- Part 1: General requirements for safety
International IEC60601-1 ('88) +
Amd.1 ('91) + Amd.2 ('95)
Medical electrical equipment
- Part 1: General requirements for safety
Medical electrical facilities
General (Japanese) JIS T1022 ('96) Safety standard for electrical facilities for hospitals
Laws requiring leakage current measurement
Medical devices
General (Japanese) Enforcement regulations of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, etc.
Electrical equipment
General (Japanese) Ordinance Concerning Technical Requirements for Electrical Appliances
and Materials (Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law)

1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement
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1.3.3 Types of Leakage Current Measurement
The following briefly describes each type of leakage current measure-
ment.
Leakage currents can be roughly categorized into earth leakage cur-
rent, enclosure leakage current, and patient leakage current. The fol-
lowing section describes the locations of leakage current
measurement.
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






故障機器 故障機器
Malfunctioning
equipment
Malfunctioning
equipment
Signal input/
output section F-type
applied part
Applied part
Patient leakage
current III
Earth leakage
current
Patient leakage
current II
Patient leakage
current I
Enclosure leakage
current
Earth leakage
current
This refers to electric current that flows through a pro-
tective grounding wire to the ground.
Enclosure leakage
current
This refers to electric current that flows through the
body of someone who touches the equipment.
This does not include current that flows to the human
body in contact with an applied part.
Patient leakage
current
There are three types of patient leakage current (I, II,
and III).
Patient leakage current flows through the body of
someone connected to the applied part.
Test items vary based on the type of applied part.
Patient auxiliary
current
This refers to electric current allowed to flow between
applied parts via a patient in normal equipment opera-
tion. This current is not intended to have any physio-
logical effect.

14
1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement
HIOKI
(1) Earth leakage current
Earth leakage current is electric current that flows through a protective
grounding wire to the ground. Class-II equipment does not require the
measurement of earth leakage current since it has no protective
grounding wire.
Some people may think that earth leakage current can be measured
by simply attaching a clamp to the protective grounding wire. However,
IEC60601-1 specifies the measurement of current that flows through
the human body.
(2) Enclosure leakage current
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



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
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Signal input/
output section
Applied part



















Signal input/
output section
Applied part
Leakage current between
enclosure and earth