Knauer AZURA SMB Lab User manual

SMB systems
Instructions
Document no. V6775

Note: For your own safety, read the instructions and follow the warnings
and safety information on the device and in the instructions. Keep the
instructions for future reference.
Note: In case you require this instruction in another language, submit
your request including the corresponding document number via e-mail
or fax to KNAUER.
Do you have questions about the installation or the operation of your
instrument or software?
International Support:
Contact your local KNAUER partner for support:
www.knauer.net/en/Support/Distributors-worldwide
Support in Germany
(Austria & Switzerland on case-to-case basis):
Phone: [phone] (workdays 9-17h CET)
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH
Hegauer Weg 38
14163 Berlin
Germany
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Internet: www.knauer.net
E-mail: [e-mail]
Document number: V6775
Version number: 2.0
Release date: June 19, 2023
Original edition
The information in this document is subject to change
without prior notice. For the latest version of the instructions,
visit our website: www.knauer.net/library.
This document contains confidential information and may not be
reproduced without written consent of KNAUER Wissenschaftliche
Geräte GmbH.
© KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH 2023
All rights reserved.
AZURA® is a registered trademark of
KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH.
Support:
Publisher:
Version information:
Copyright:

I
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
Table of contents
1. Product information.................................................................1
1.1 Intended use ............................................................1
1.2 AZURA® SMB system variants .............................................1
1.2.1 AZURA® SMB Lab ................................................1
1.2.2 AZURA® SMB Pilot ................................................2
1.3 System configuration .....................................................3
1.3.1 AZURA® SMB Lab ................................................4
1.3.2 AZURA® SMB Pilot ................................................4
2. Scope of delivery ...................................................................5
2.1 AZURA® SMB Lab System .................................................5
2.2 AZURA® SMB Pilot System ................................................6
3. General ...........................................................................7
3.1 About these instructions..................................................7
3.2 Signal words ............................................................7
3.3 Additional typographical conventions ......................................7
3.4 Legal information ........................................................8
3.4.1 Liability limitation.................................................8
3.4.2 Transport damage ................................................8
3.4.3 Warranty conditions ..............................................8
3.4.4 Warranty seal ....................................................8
3.4.5 Declaration of conformity..........................................8
4. Basic safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1 Intended use ............................................................9
4.1.1 Operating ranges ................................................9
4.1.2 Foreseeable misuse...............................................9
4.2 User qualification ........................................................9
4.3 Operator responsibility ..................................................10
4.4 Personal safety equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.5 Safety features on the device .............................................10
4.6 Working with solvents ...................................................11
4.6.1 General requirements............................................11
4.6.2 Contamination by health-threatening solvents .......................11
4.6.3 Avoiding leakage................................................11
4.7 Specific environments ...................................................11
4.7.1 Earthquake-endangered areas ....................................11
4.7.2 Explosive environment ...........................................12
4.7.3 Cooling room ...................................................12
4.7.4 Wet room ......................................................12
4.8 Maintenance, care and repair.............................................12
4.9 Service request form and decontamination report...........................12
4.10 Symbols and signs ......................................................13

II Table of contents
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
5. Unpacking and setup...............................................................14
5.1 Operating environment..................................................14
5.1.1 Space requirements .............................................14
5.1.2 General requirements............................................14
5.1.3 Earthquake areas ................................................14
5.2 Storing unopened shipping boxes ........................................15
5.3 Unpacking .............................................................15
5.4 Power supply...........................................................16
5.5 Connecting the capillaries ...............................................16
5.6 Flow charts ............................................................17
5.7 Connecting system to computer via LAN...................................18
5.7.1 Connecting the single devices to the computer......................18
5.7.2 Configuring LAN settings.........................................18
5.7.3 Connecting devices with LAN .....................................19
5.7.4 Configuring the switch ...........................................20
5.7.5 Integrating LAN into the company network .........................20
5.7.6 Controlling several systems separately in a LAN .....................21
5.7.7 Remote control..................................................21
5.7.8 Connecting the pin header .......................................22
6. Start-up ..........................................................................24
6.1 Initial start-up checklist ..................................................24
6.2 SOP: SMB power-up and shut-down .......................................24
6.2.1 Power-up .......................................................24
6.2.2 Shut down......................................................25
6.3 SOP: SMB start-up ......................................................26
6.3.1 Preparation .....................................................27
6.3.2 Flushing the system..............................................28
6.3.3 Washing one single column .......................................29
6.3.4 Flushing all columns .............................................30
6.3.5 Washing all columns .............................................31
7. Simulated Moving Bed principle.....................................................32
7.1 Introduction............................................................32
7.2 Elution chromatography .................................................32
7.3 True counter-current process .............................................35
7.4 Simulated counter-current process ........................................37
7.5 Eciency and economic aspects ..........................................39
8. Operation ........................................................................41
8.1 Software operation .....................................................41
8.2 Meaning of the LEDs ....................................................41
8.3 Connecting the columns.................................................42
8.3.1 AZURA® SMB Lab system.........................................42
8.3.2 AZURA® SMB Pilot system ........................................44

IIITable of contents
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
8.4 SOP: AZURA® SMB separation............................................44
8.4.1 Preparation .....................................................45
8.4.2 Starting the system ..............................................45
8.4.3 Pausing the separation ...........................................46
8.4.4 Stopping the separation ..........................................47
8.5 Change Zone configurations .............................................47
8.5.1 From 2:2:2:2 to 1:3:3:1............................................47
8.5.2 User defined configuration........................................49
8.5.3 From 2:2:2:2 to 1:1:1:1 ............................................50
8.6 Adjusting the flow rate of the pump .......................................50
8.7 Inline sampling valve ....................................................51
9. Functionality tests .................................................................54
9.1 Installation Qualification (IQ) .............................................54
9.2 Operation Qualification (OQ) .............................................54
10. Troubleshooting ...................................................................55
10.1 First measures..........................................................55
10.2 LAN...................................................................55
10.3 Possible problems and solutions ..........................................56
11. Maintenance and care..............................................................57
11.1 SOP: Cleaning procedure for pressure release valves and connected
tubings for AZURA® Pilot SMB ............................................57
11.2 Maintaining the AZURA® Lab System ......................................57
11.2.1 Pumps .........................................................57
11.2.2 Valves..........................................................58
11.3 Maintaining the AZURA® Pilot system......................................58
11.3.1 Pumps .........................................................58
11. 3. 2 Valve s ..........................................................59
11.4 Decommissioning.......................................................59
11.5 Transport ..............................................................59
11.6 Storage................................................................60
11.6.1 Disconnecting the power supply...................................60
12. Technical data.....................................................................61
12.1 General system parameters ..............................................61
12.2 Technical parameters....................................................61
12.3 Wetted materials .......................................................62
13. Reorders .........................................................................63
13.1 Heating and column organisation .........................................63
13.2 System and process control ..............................................63
13.3 Services ...............................................................64

IV Table of contents
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
14. Chemical compatibility of wetted materials ...........................................65
14.1 General ...............................................................65
14.2 Plastics ................................................................65
14.3 Non-metals ............................................................67
14.4 Metals.................................................................68
15. Disposal ..........................................................................69
15.1 AVV-Marking Germany ..................................................69
15.2 WEEE registration number ...............................................69
15.3 Eluents and other operating materials .....................................69
16. Checklist .........................................................................70

1
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
1. Product information
1.1 Intended use
Note: Only use the system for applications that fall within the range of the
intended use. Otherwise, the protective and safety equipment of the system
could fail.
Application Separation and extraction
Pharmaceutical
chemistry
Chiral compound (cis-trans phytol,
steroids, peptides, antibiotics, etc.)
Food chemistry Fatty acids, carbohydrate mixtures
(sucrose/molasses, fructose/glucose, etc.)
Biochemistry Phenylalanine, fermentation/cell culture
products (citric acid, sugars, antibodies,
enzymes, etc.)
Petrochemistry C8-Hydrocarbon (xylene/toluene, etc.)
1.2 AZURA® SMB system variants
1.2.1 AZURA® SMB Lab
This SMB system is optimized for separation tasks on a scale of several hun-
dred grams. The standard configuration consists of four AZURA® assistants
ASM 2.2L with seven multi-position valves and four AZURA® pumps P4.1S
as well as our user-friendly software PurityChrom® MCC including required
IT hardware.
Depending on the specific requirements of each separation, the SMB sys-
tem can be freely configured. For example an open or closed SMB loop is
created by a specific valve switching. Optionally, the SMB can be upgraded
with detectors, flowmeters, column holders, or temperature control options
for the columns.
Individual configuration is available on request.

2 Product information
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
Fig. 1: System layout AZURA® SMB Lab (example)
1.2.2 AZURA® SMB Pilot
The AZURA® SMB Pilot is designed for the separation of binary mixtures on
a hundred gram to kilogram scale and is typically used with columns up to
50 or 100 mm ID. Its special emphasis is put on the continuous operation
mode and highest productivity.
The SMB standard configuration consists of four BlueShadow pumps 80P
and seven 8-port multiposition valves integrated into four AZURA® assis-
tants ASM 2.2L. By integrating 4 flowmeters, the flow rates of all pumps are
monitored. Our user-friendly software PurityChrom® MCC and the required
IT hardware are also included.
We offer several variations of the standard system configuration.

3Product information
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
Fig. 2: System layout AZURA® SMB Pilot (example)
1.3 System configuration
The standard AZURA® SMB systems consists of four pumps and seven multi-
position valves.
The devices are arranged as follows:
Three pumps (Extract, Raffinate, Eluent) are placed inside the SMB cycle.
The feed pump is placed outside the SMB cycle.
Four valves are placed at the pump outlets.
Three valves are placed at the pump inlets. The feed pump inlet is not
connected to a multiposition valve.

4 Product information
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
Fig. 3: SMB design scheme
1.3.1 AZURA® SMB Lab
Max. continuous
flow rate*
Number of
columns Pressure range Art. No. Description
30 ml/min 8 10 - 130 bar A29100 Biocompatible (PAEK, ceramic)
30 ml/min 8 10 - 130 bar A29101 Stainless steel
* The maximum operating parameters for flow and pressure depend on the specific columns and customer
aplication.
1.3.2 AZURA® SMB Pilot
Max. continuous
flow rate*
Number of
columns
Pressure
range* Art. No. Description
250 ml/min 8 5 - 100bar A29201 Stainless steel
* The maximum operating parameters for flow and pressure depend on the specific columns and customer
aplication.

5
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
2. Scope of delivery
Note: Only use original parts and accessories made by KNAUER or a com-
pany authorized by KNAUER.
2.1 AZURA® SMB Lab System
1 x AZURA® Assistant ASM 2.2L with 1 x AZURA® Pump P4.1S
(10ml pump head) and 1 x 8-Multiposition-valve
3 x AZURA® Assistant ASM 2.2L with 1 x AZURA® Pump P4.1S
(50ml pump head) and 2 x 8-Multiposition-valve
SMB-Set with 1/16‘‘ capillaries, screw connections, T-pieces and
connections for the assembly of the system
Open/Closed Loop Kit
PurityChrom® MCC control software
Eluent tray AZURA® E2.1L
Chromatography Work station with Mini-PC and 24“ monitor
WLAN Router
Stainless Steel version:
Pump heads (stainless steel)
Multiposition-valve-head (stainless steel)
Capillaries (stainless steel)
Biocompatible version:
Pump heads (ceramic)
Multiposition valve head (PEEK)
Capillaries (PEEK)
Optional:
Flowmeter
Oven
Detectors
Column holders
Valid documents:
Instructions for AZURA® SMB system (document no. V6775)
Declarations of conformity for single devices

6 Scope of delivery
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
2.2 AZURA® SMB Pilot System
1 x AZURA® Assistant ASM 2.2L with 1 x 8-Multiposition-valve
3 x AZURA® Assistant ASM 2.2L with 2 x 8-Multiposition-valves
1 x BlueShadow pump 80P (100 ml pump head)
3 x BlueShadow pump 80P (500 ml pump head)
4 x flowmeter included
SMB-set with 1/8‘‘ capillaries, screw connections, T-pieces and connec-
tions for the assembly of the system
Open/Closed Loop Kit
Inline sampling valve
PurityChrom® MCC control software
Chromatography Work station with Mini-PC and 27“ monitor
WLAN Router
Stainless Steel version:
Pump heads (stainless steel)
Multiposition-valve-head (stainless steel)
Capillaries (stainless steel)
Optional:
Oven
Detectors
Column holders
Valid documents:
Instructions for AZURA® SMB system (document no. V6775)
Declarations of conformity for single devices

7
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
3. General
3.1 About these instructions
These operating instructions enable the safe and efficient operation of the
device. The user has to read these operating instructions carefully before
starting any work.
The basic prerequisite for safe operation is compliance with all safety in-
structions (see chapter „4. Basic safety instructions“ on page 9). In addi-
tion to the safety and warning instructions in these operating instructions,
the local accident prevention regulations and the national industrial safety
regulations apply.
These operating instructions are an integral part of the device. It has to be
kept in the immediate vicinity of the device and accessible to the user at all
times.
You can download these and other instructions from the KNAUER website:
www.knauer.net/library
3.2 Signal words
Possible dangers related to the device are distinguished in personal and
material damages.
Symbol Meaning
DANGER (red) indicates a highly hazardous situation.
If not avoided, it will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING (orange) indicates a hazardous situation.
If not avoided, it could result in death or serious
injury.
CAUTION (yellow) indicates a moderate hazardous
situation. If not avoided, it could result in minor or
moderate injury.
NOTICE (blue) is used to address issues which are
not related to physical injury.
3.3 Additional typographical conventions
Note: Specific information are prefixed with the word “Note” and an infor-
mation icon.
Note: This is an example.

8 General
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
3.4 Legal information
3.4.1 Liability limitation
The manufacturer is not liable for the following issues:
Non-compliance of these instructions
Non-observance of necessary safety precautions
Improper use
Operation of the device by unqualified personnel (see chapter „4.2 User
qualification“ on page 9)
Use of non-approved spare parts
Technical changes by the user such as opening the device and unautho-
rized modifications
Violations of General Terms and Conditions (GTC)
3.4.2 Transport damage
The packaging of our devices provides the best possible protection against
transport damage. However, check the packaging for transport damage. In
case you notice any damage, inform the Technical Support and the shipping
company within three workdays.
3.4.3 Warranty conditions
For information on warranty please refer to our general terms and condi-
tions on the website: www.knauer.net/terms
3.4.4 Warranty seal
A blue or orange warranty seal is affixed to some devices.
A blue seal is used by KNAUER’s Manufacturing or Customer Support for
devices to be sold.
After repair, service technicians attach an orange seal onto the identical
position.
If unauthorised persons tamper with the device or if the seal is damaged,
the warranty will lapse.
3.4.5 Declaration of conformity
The declaration of conformity is enclosed as a separate document with the
product and can be obtained online:
www.knauer.net/en/Support/Declarations-of-conformity

9
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
4. Basic safety instructions
The device has been developed and constructed in such a way that hazards
arising from its intended use are largely excluded. Nevertheless, the fol-
lowing safety instructions have to be observed in order to exclude residual
hazards.
4.1 Intended use
Only use the device for applications that fall within the range of the intend-
ed use. Otherwise, the protective and safety equipment of the device could
fail.
4.1.1 Operating ranges
The device is intended to be used indoors for chromatographic appli-
cations.
4.1.2 Foreseeable misuse
Refrain from the use of the device for the following purposes or conditions:
Medical purposes. The device is not approved as a medical product.
Operating outdoors. Otherwise, the manufacturer does not guarantee
the functionality and safety of the device.
Operation in potentially explosive areas without special and additional
explosion protection. Contact the KNAUER Customer Support for more
information.
4.2 User qualification
The users are qualified to handle the device if all of the following points
apply:
They have at least a basic knowledge of liquid chromatography.
They have knowledge about the properties of the used solvents and their
health risks.
They are trained for the special tasks and activities in the laboratory and
know the relevant standards and regulations.
Due to their technical training and experience, they can understand and
carry out all the work described in the operating instructions on the in-
strument and recognize and avoid possible dangers independently.
Their ability to react is not impaired by the consumption of drugs,
alcohol or medication.
They have participated in the installation of an instrument or a training by
KNAUER or an authorized company.
If users do not meet these qualifications, they have to inform their
supervisors.

10 Basic safety instructions
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
4.3 Operator responsibility
The operator is any person who operates the device himself or leaves it to
a third party for use and who bears the legal product responsibility for the
protection of the user or third parties during operation.
The obligations of the operator are listed below:
Know and follow the applicable work safety regulations
Identify hazards arising from the working conditions at the place of use in
a risk assessment.
Set up operating instructions for the operation of the device.
Regularly check whether the operating instructions correspond to the
current status of the regulations.
Clearly regulate and specify responsibilities for installation, operation,
troubleshooting, maintenance and cleaning and set clear rules
Ensure that all personnel who work with the device have read and under-
stood these operating instructions
Train the personnel who works with the device at regular intervals and
inform them about the dangers.
Provide the necessary safety equipment to the employees working with
the unit (see section below).
4.4 Personal safety equipment
The protective measures required in the laboratory must be observed and
the following protective clothing worn during all work on the device:
Safety glasses with side protection
Protective gloves in accordance with the prevailing ambient conditions
and used solvents (e.g. heat, cold, protection against chemicals)
Lab coat
Personalised protective safety equipment which is specified in the parti-
cular laboratory.
4.5 Safety features on the device
Power switch: Devices of the AZURA® L series may be switched off us-
ing the power switch (toggle switch on the back side of housing) at any
time, this causes no damage to the device. To switch off devices of the
AZURA®S series, remove the plug from the power socket or use the tog-
gle switch of the power supply unit.
Front cover: Devices of the AZURA® L series have a front cover as a splash
protection for the user
Leak tray: Devices of the AZURA® L series have a leak tray on the front
side. The leak tray collects leaking solvents and protects components
from potential damage caused by discharging liquid.
Lamp: For the detectors AZURA® DAD 2.1L, DAD 6.1L and MWD 2.1L, the
lamp switches off automatically when the cover is opened.

11Basic safety instructions
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
4.6 Working with solvents
4.6.1 General requirements
The user is trained for handling different solvents.
Note recommended solvents and concentrations in these instructions in
order to avoid personal injury or damage to the device. For example, cer-
tain chemicals may cause PEEK capillaries to swell or burst (see chapter
„14. Chemical compatibility of wetted materials“ on page 65).
Note that organic solvents are toxic above a certain concentration. For
handling hazardous solvents see the following section.
Mobile phases and samples may contain volatile or combustible solvents.
Avoid the accumulation of these substances. Ensure good ventilation of
the installation site. Avoid open flames and sparks. Do not operate the
instrument in the presence of flammable gases or vapors.
Only use solvents which do not self-ignite under given conditions. This
applies especially to the use of a thermostat where liquids could get onto
hot surfaces in the interior.
Degas solvents before use and observe their purity.
4.6.2 Contamination by health-threatening solvents
Contamination with toxic, infectious or radioactive substances poses a
hazard for all persons involved during operation, repair, sale, and dispos-
al of a device.
All contaminated devices have to be decontaminated properly by a spe-
cialist company or the operating company before they can be recommis-
sioned, repaired, sold, or disposed (see chapter „11.4 Decommissioning“
on page 59).
4.6.3 Avoiding leakage
Risk of electrical shock or short circuit if solvents or other liquids leak into
the interior of the device. You can avoid a leakage through the following
measures:
Tightness: Visually check the device or system regularly for leaks.
Solvent tray: The use of a solvent tray prevents liquids get from the bot-
tles into the inside of the device.
Eluent lines: Install capillaries and hoses in such a way that, in case of a
leak, liquids cannot get into the interior of the devices underneath.
In case of leakage: Switch off the system. Only take the device into opera-
tion if the cause of the leak has been resolved.
4.7 Specific environments
4.7.1 Earthquake-endangered areas
In earthquake-endangered areas, do not stack more than 3 devices on top
of each other. Otherwise there is risk of injury due to falling devices or loose
parts.

12 Basic safety instructions
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
4.7.2 Explosive environment
Never use the system in potentially explosive atmospheres without appro-
priate protective equipment. For more information, contact the KNAUER
Customer Support.
4 .7. 3 Cooling room
You may operate the device in a cooling room. To prevent condensation,
note the following instructions:
Allow the device to acclimatize for min. 3 hours before taking it into
operation.
After taking into operation, the device should stay switched on.
Avoid temperature fluctuations.
4.7.4 Wet room
Do not operate the device in wet rooms.
4.8 Maintenance, care and repair
Avoiding electric shock: Before performing any maintenance and service
work, disconnect the device from the power supply.
Tools: Use only tools recommended or prescribed by the manufacturer.
Spare parts and accessories: Only use original parts and accessories
made by KNAUER or a company authorized by KNAUER.
PEEK fittings: Use PEEK fittings only for a single port or brand-new PEEK
fittings in order to avoid dead volume or not exactly fitting connections.
Column care: Follow KNAUER or other manufacturer’s instructions on
caring for the columns (see www.knauer.net/columncare)
Used capillaries: Do not use any used capillaries elsewhere in the sys-
tem in order to avoid dead volumes, not exactly fitting connections and
spreading contamination.
Safety features: The device may only be opened by the KNAUER Custom-
er Support or any company authorized by KNAUER 3.4.1 auf Seite 8.
For more information visit the KNAUER website:
www.knauer.net/hplc-troubleshooting
4.9 Service request form and decontamination
report
Devices which are shipped without the completed document “Service re-
quest form and decontamination report” will not be repaired. If you would
like to return a device to KNAUER, make sure to enclose the completed
document: www.knauer.net/servicerequest

13Basic safety instructions
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
4.10 Symbols and signs
The following symbols and signs can be found on the device:
Symbol Meaning
High-voltage hazard
Electrostatic discharge hazard, damages to system,
device, or components can occur.
Obey maximum load for leak tray during transpor-
tation, installation and operation.
A device marked with CE fulfills the product spe-
cific requirements of European directives. This is
confirmed in a Declaration of Conformity.
The test seal of TÜV Germany, a nationally recog-
nized testing agency (NRTL) in Canada and the
USA. The certified device has successfully passed
the tests for quality and safety.
A warranty seal is affixed to some devices. For
more information see Chapter (see chapter „3.4.4
Warranty seal“ on page 8).
The device complies with the product-specific
requirements of the United Kingdom.

14
AZURA® SMB system instructions V6775
5. Unpacking and setup
The HPLC system will be set up, installed and commissioned by KNAUER or
a company authorized and contracted by KNAUER.
Note: KNAUER recommends inviting future users to be present while
setting up and commissioning the module so that they can become familiar
with the analyzer and how to handle it.
5.1 Operating environment
Only if the requirements for ambient conditions of the operating environ-
ment are met, the intended use can be ensured. Details on the operating
conditions can be found in the chapter „Technical Data“.
5.1.1 Space requirements
Make sure that the power plug on the power supply (wall socket or pow-
er strip) is always accessible, so that the device can be disconnected from
the power supply.
Ensure adequate ventilation around the device, otherwise it may over-
heat and malfunction:
- Min. 5 cm distance if another device is set on one side.
- Min. 10 cm distance if further devices are set on both sides.
- At least 15 cm to the cooler fan on the rear.
5.1.2 General requirements
Device defect
The device overheats at exposure to sunlight and insucient air circula-
tion. Device failures are very likely.
Set up the device in such a way that it is protected against exposure to
direct sunlight.
Leave room for air circulation: See paragraph “space requirements“.
Position the device on a level and even surface.
Protect the device against direct exposure to sunlight.
Set up the device at a location not exposed to air drafts (A/C systems).
Do not set up the device near other machines that cause floor vibrations.
Keep the device away fom high-frequency sources. High frequencies may
compromise measuring values.
5.1.3 Earthquake areas
If you are located in an earthquake area, use the bore holes 1in the side
panels to secure the device. The bore holes are located either on the right
or the left side panel.