Kongsberg EA440 User manual

392616/B
December2018©KongsbergMaritimeAS
EA440
Singlebeamhydrographicechosounder
Installationmanual
Thismanualprovidesyouwithinformationrequiredtoinstallthe
KongsbergEA440Singlebeamhydrographicechosounder.The
informationisintendedforqualiedpersonnelsuchasshipyard
engineersandskilledworkers.
Caution
TheEA440echosoundermustneverbepoweredupwhentheshipis
indrydock.Thetransducerwillbedamagedifittransmitsinopenair.
TopreventinadvertentuseoftheEA440,disconnectthemainspower
wheneverthevesselisindrydock.

KongsbergMaritimeAS
www.kongsberg.com
Documentinformation
•Product:KongsbergEA440
•Document:Installationmanual
•Documentpartnumber:392616
•Revision:B
•Dateofissue:December2018
Copyright
TheinformationcontainedinthisdocumentremainsthesolepropertyofKongsberg
MaritimeAS.Nopartofthisdocumentmaybecopiedorreproducedinanyformorby
anymeans,andtheinformationcontainedwithinitisnottobecommunicatedtoathird
party,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofKongsbergMaritimeAS.
Warning
Theequipmenttowhichthismanualappliesmustonlybeusedforthepurposefor
whichitwasdesigned.Improperuseormaintenancemaycausedamagetothe
equipmentand/orinjurytopersonnel.Youmustbefamiliarwiththecontentsofthe
appropriatemanualsbeforeattemptingtooperateorworkontheequipment.
KongsbergMaritimedisclaimsanyresponsibilityfordamageorinjurycausedby
improperinstallation,useormaintenanceoftheequipment.
Disclaimer
KongsbergMaritimeASendeavourstoensurethatallinformationinthisdocumentis
correctandfairlystated,butdoesnotacceptliabilityforanyerrorsoromissions.
Supportinformation
Ifyourequiremaintenanceorrepair,contactKongsbergMaritime’s
supportorganisation.Youcanalsocontactususingthefollowingaddress:
[email protected].Ifyouneedinformationaboutourother
products,visithttps://www.km.kongsberg.com.

392616/B3
Tableofcontents
ABOUTTHISMANUAL..............................................................5
EA440......................................................................................6
Systemdiagram..................................................................................................................7
Systemunits.......................................................................................................................8
OperatorStationdescription.....................................................................................8
WBTdescription......................................................................................................8
Single-beamtransducers...........................................................................................9
Scopeofsupply................................................................................................................10
Basicitemsprovidedwithastandarddelivery.......................................................10
Installationrequirements..................................................................................................12
Supplypowerrequirements....................................................................................12
Cablesandwiringrequirements.............................................................................12
Compassdeviationrequirements............................................................................13
Noisesources..........................................................................................................13
Networksecurity..............................................................................................................13
Supportinformation.........................................................................................................15
PREPARATIONS.....................................................................16
Installationsummary........................................................................................................17
Aboutinstallationdrawings.............................................................................................18
Tools,equipmentandconsumablesrequiredforEA440installation..............................18
Wheretoinstallthetransducer........................................................................................19
Introductiontotransducerlocation.........................................................................19
Mountthetransducerdeep.....................................................................................19
Avoidprotrudingobjectsnearthetransducer.........................................................20
Keepthetransducerfarawayfromthepropellers.................................................21
Mountthetransduceratasafedistancefrombowthruster(s)...............................21
Summaryandgeneralrecommendations...............................................................21
Acousticnoise..................................................................................................................24
Contributingfactors................................................................................................24
Selfnoise................................................................................................................26
Ambientnoise.........................................................................................................28
Electricalselfnoise................................................................................................28
Somemeanstoreduceacousticnoise....................................................................29
INSTALLINGTHEEA440HARDWAREUNITS..........................31
InstallingtheWBTusingtheintegratedbrackets............................................................32
InstallingtheWBTina19"cabinet.................................................................................33
Installingacommercialcomputer....................................................................................34
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MountingtheWBTCabinet............................................................................................36
MountingthedrawersintheWBTCabinet.....................................................................38
Designing,manufacturingandmountingthesteelconduit.............................................40
Installingthetransducer(s)...............................................................................................42
Installingthetransduceronablisterordropkeel............................................................43
Installingthetransduceronasteelhull............................................................................45
CABLELAYOUTANDINTERCONNECTIONS.............................47
Cableplan........................................................................................................................48
Listofcables....................................................................................................................49
InstallingtheEA440cables.............................................................................................50
ConnectingoneormoretransducerstotheWBT..................................................50
ConnectingpowerandgroundtotheWBT............................................................54
ConnectingtheWBTandtheOperatorStation......................................................55
ConnectingasynchronizationcabletotheOperatorStationusinganRS-232
serialinterfaces..................................................................................................55
Cabledrawingsandspecications...................................................................................57
Transducer..............................................................................................................57
Auxiliaryconnectorforsynchronization................................................................58
RS-232usedassynchronizationtrigger(inputoroutput).....................................59
DRAWINGFILE......................................................................60
388697WBToutlinedimensions....................................................................................61
400930WBTCabinetoutlinedimensions.......................................................................63
TECHNICALSPECIFICATIONS................................................67
Performancespecications..............................................................................................68
Interfacespecications.....................................................................................................69
Weightandoutlinedimensions........................................................................................72
Powerrequirements.........................................................................................................72
Environmentalspecications...........................................................................................73
EQUIPMENTHANDLING.........................................................74
TransportingKongsbergMaritimeequipment.................................................................75
Liftingunitsandtransportationboxes.............................................................................76
Inspectionofunitsandtransportationboxesafterarrival................................................77
Specicationsforstoragepriortoinstallationoruse.......................................................78
Unpackinginstructions....................................................................................................79
Unpackingstandardpartsandunits........................................................................80
Unpackingmechanicalunits..................................................................................81
Unpackingelectronicandelectromechanicalunits................................................81
Unpackingtransducers...........................................................................................82
Specicationsforstorageafterunpacking.......................................................................84
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Aboutthismanual
Purposeofmanual
Thepurposeofthismanualistopresentthedescriptionsanddrawingsrequiredtoinstall
theEA440Singlebeamhydrographicechosounder.
Targetaudience
Themanualisintendedfortechnicalpersonnel;suchasskilledshipyardworkers,
electricians,qualiedengineersandnavalarchitects.Y oumustalsobefamiliarwiththe
installationofelectronicandmechanicalproducts.
Onlineinformation
ForinformationabouttheEA440andotherproductsfromKongsbergMaritime,visitour
website.
https://www.km.kongsberg.com
Registeredtrademarks
Observetheregisteredtrademarksthatapply.
Windows®isaregisteredtrademarkofMicrosoftCorporationintheUnitedStatesand
othercountries.
Aboutthismanual

6392616/B
EA440
Topics
Systemdiagram,page7
Systemunits,page8
Scopeofsupply,page10
Installationrequirements,page12
Networksecurity,page13
Supportinformation,page15
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Systemdiagram
ThesystemdiagramidentiesthemaincomponentsofabasicEA440system.Only
themainconnectionsbetweentheunitsareshown.Detailedinterfacecapabilitiesand
powercablesarenotshown.
ThebasicEA440Singlebeamhydrographicechosounderconsistsofonetransducerand
oneWBT.Additionaltransceiversandtransducerscanbeaddedtomeetyouroperational
andfunctionalrequirements.Youalsoneedacomputerandadisplay.Thesecanbe
deliveredbyKongsbergMaritimeorboughtseparately.
AOperatorStation
BEthernetswitch
CWBT
DTransducer
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Systemunits
Topics
OperatorStationdescription,page8
WBTdescription,page8
Single-beamtransducers,page9
OperatorStationdescription
TheOperatorStationmaybeapanelcomputeroraseparatecomputerwithadisplay.
Thecomputerisbasedonacommercialdesign,
butthesoftwareandhardwarehasbeenspeciedby
KongsbergMaritimetosuittheEA440requirements.
WBTdescription
TheWBTisprovidedtotransmitacousticenergythroughwater.Thistransmissionand
receptionarecommonlyreferredtoasaping.Aftereachtransmission,thetransceiver
receivestheechoesfromthetargetsinthewaterand/ortheseabed.Theseechoesare
lteredandamplied,andthenconvertedtodigitalformat.
TheWideBandTransceiver(WBT)comprisesarugged
boxprovidingallnecessarytransmitterandreceiver
electronics.Thereceiverisdesignedforlownoise,
anditcanhandleinputsignalsspanningaverylarge
instantaneousdynamicamplituderange.
AhighqualityEthernetcableconnectstheWideBand
Transceiver(WBT)totheOperatorStation.ThedistancebetweentheOperatorStation
andthetransceivercanbeextendeduptomaximum70meters.Ifalongercableis
required,cutitinhalf,andinsertanEthernetswitchtoprovidebufferamplication.
Note
IfmorethanoneWideBandTransceiver(WBT)isused,asmallhighcapacityEthernet
switchisrequiredtoconnectthetransceiverstotheOperatorStation.
TheWideBandTransceiver(WBT)requiresanexternalpowersupplyoffering12to
15Vdc,minimum5A.Asuitablepowersupplyisprovidedwiththedelivery.The
transceivercanalsobepoweredbyalargecapacitybattery.
EA440Installationmanual

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Single-beamtransducers
TheEA440Singlebeamhydrographicechosoundercanbeusedwithourefcient
single-beamtransducers.
KongsbergMaritimecanprovidealargerangeof
efcientandaccuratesingle-beamtransducersfor
underwatermappingapplications.Alargenumber
ofoperationalfrequenciesisavailable.Formore
informationaboutKongsbergMaritimetransducers,
seeourwebsite.
https://www.km.kongsberg.com
Theinstallationofthetransducer(ortransducers)isnotdescribedindetailinthis
manual.Seethedocumentationprovidedwitheachtransducer.
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Scopeofsupply
Topics
Basicitemsprovidedwithastandarddelivery,page10
Basicitemsprovidedwithastandarddelivery
ToassembleacompleteEA440system,youwillneedasetofsystemunits.Themain
unitsrequiredareprovidedwiththestandarddelivery.
WhenyouunpackthepartsprovidedwiththeEA440delivery,makesurethatthe
followingitemsareincluded.
WBT
•1WBT
•1Powersupply
•1Powercable
•14–pinConXconnector—ForbatteryorUPS
•1Ethernetcable
•16–pinPCBconnector
•24–pinPCBconnectors
•1Panelcover
•2Cableglands–Forcableswithdiameter8-12mm
•3Cableglands–Forcableswithdiameter5.5-9.5mm
•3Blindplugs
•4Nuts
Transducers
Alargerangeoftransducersisavailableforthedifferentoperationalfrequencies.For
ordernumbers,seeourwebsite.
TransducersFrequency(kHz)Beamwidth(degrees)Cablelength(m)
12–16/601216x1620
15–171517x1715
18–111811x1120
38–7387x720
38–9389x920
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TransducersFrequency(kHz)Beamwidth(degrees)Cablelength(m)
50–185018x1820
50–7507x720
120–2512010x1025
200kHzSidescan2000.5x4920
200–9G200915
200–28E2007x725
200–352003x325
38/200CombiD38/20013x21/7x715
50/200CombiD50/20010x16/7x715
500Sidescan5000.5x6015
500–3G500310
OperatorStation
ContactyourKongsbergMaritimerepresentativeforinformationaboutthecurrent
modelthatisdeliveredwithyourEA440system.
Operationalsoftware
Operationalsoftwareisprovidedonasuitablemedia.IftheOperatorStationis
purchasedfromKongsbergMaritime,theoperationalsoftwareisinstalledonthe
OperatorStation,andreadyforuse.
Enduserdocumentation
End-userdocumentationisprovidedonpaperand/ordigitalformats.Alldocumentation
relatedtooperationandinstallationcanbedownloadedfromourwebsite.
https://www.km.kongsberg.com
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Installationrequirements
Topics
Supplypowerrequirements,page12
Cablesandwiringrequirements,page12
Compassdeviationrequirements,page13
Noisesources,page13
Supplypowerrequirements
Observethegeneralrequirementsrelatedtothesupplypower.
Thesupplyvoltagetotheequipmentmustkeptwithin±10%oftheinstallation’snominal
voltage.
Maximumtransientvoltagevariationsonthemainswitchboard’sbus-barsarenotto
exceed-15%to+20%ofthenominalvoltage(exceptunderfaultconditions).
•Makeandmodel:KongsbergWBT
•Voltagerequirement:12–15VDC,5A
•Powersupply:
–Voltagerequirement:115/230V AC,47to63Hz,singlephase,nominal
–Maximumvoltagedeviation:15%
–Maximumtransient:20%ofnominalvoltage,recoverytime3s
–Powerconsumption:100V A(Approximately)
Cablesandwiringrequirements
CorrectwiringiscrucialfortheoperationalperformanceoftheEA440.
Allcablesrunningbetweensystemcabinetslocatedindifferentroomsand/orondifferent
decksmustbesupportedandprotectedalongtheirentirelengthsusingconduitsand/or
cabletrays.Notethatthecablesmustnotbeinstalledinthevicinityofhigh-power
suppliesandcables,antennacablesorotherpossiblesourcesofinterference.
Alltransducercablesmustberuninsteelconduits.
Formoredetailedinformationaboutcablesandwiring,refertothebasiccable
requirements.
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Compassdeviationrequirements
EA440unitsthatareinstalledonthebridgemayhaveaneffectonthecompass.
Oncetheinstallationiscomplete,thevesselmustbeswungwiththeEA440inboth
operativeandinoperativemodes.
Theshipownerandcaptainareresponsibleforupdatingthecompassdeviationtable
accordinglywithregardtothevessel’snationalregistryandcorrespondingmaritime
authority.
Noisesources
TheoperationalperformanceoftheEA440Singlebeamhydrographicechosounder
dependsonthenoiseconditions.Itisessentialthatthenoisesignatureisaslowas
possible.
Thevessel’shull,rudder(s)andpropeller(s)mustbethoroughlyinspectedindrydock
priortoinstallation.
Roughnessbelowthewater-linedeformitiesintheshellplatingandprotrudingobstacles
cancreateunderwaternoise.Thesesourcesofturbulencemustbesmoothedorremoved
asbestaspossible.
Note
Itisespeciallyimportantthatthepropeller(s)arenotpittedordamaged.
Networksecurity
IfaEA440systemisconnectedtoalocalareanetwork,datasecurityisimportant.
EquipmentmanufacturedbyKongsbergMaritimeisfrequentlyconnectedtothevessel's
localareanetwork(LAN).Whenyouconnectacomputertoalocalareanetworkyou
willalwaysexposethedataonthatcomputer.Allothercomputersconnectedtothesame
networkmaybeabletoaccessyourdata.Severalthreatsmayimmediatelyoccur:
•Remotecomputerscanreadthedata.
•Remotecomputerscanchangethedata.
•Remotecomputerscanchangethebehaviourofthecomputer,forexampleby
installingunwantedsoftware.
Usually,twoparametersareusedtodenethethreatlevel:
1Thelikelihoodthatanyremoteconnectionwilldoanyoftheabove.
2Thedamagedoneifaremoteconnectionsucceedsdoingthis.
KongsbergMaritimehasnoinformationregardingthecompletesysteminstallationon
anyvessel.SystemsprovidedbyKongsbergMaritimeareregardedasstand-aloneofine
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systems.Theyarestand-aloneeventhoughtheymaybeconnectedtoanetworkfor
sensorinterfacesand/ordatadistribution.
Note
NonetworksafetyapplicationsareinstalledonanyKongsbergMaritimecomputers.
Thecomputersarethusnotprotectedagainstviruses,malwareorunintentionalaccess
fromexternalusers.
SecuringtheEA440systemitselfhasnomeaningunlessthereisapolicyinplacethat
securesallcomputersinthenetwork.Thispolicymustincludephysicalaccessby
trainedandtrustedusers.Thecustomer/enduseroftheEA440systemwillalwaysbe
inchargeofdeningandimplementingasecuritypolicy,andprovidingtherelevant
networksecurityapplications.
Note
KongsbergMaritimewillnotacceptanyresponsibilityforerrorsand/ordamagescaused
byunauthorizeduseoraccesstotheEA440.
IfyouwishtoconnecttheEA440systemtotheship'slocalareanetwork,youmust
implementthesamesecuritymechanismsontheEA440computer(s)asfortherestof
thenetwork.Thisisataskforthenetworkresponsiblepersononboard.Somekey
elementsheremustbe:
•Thesameanti-virusprotectiononallcomputers,includingroutinesforupdating
thisprotection.
•Thesamesettingsfortherewallonallcomputers.
•Controlledphysicalaccesstocomputersonthenetwork.
•Trustedandtrainedoperators.
•Log-inaccessmechanisms.
•Samepolicyforattachingperipheralequipmenttothecomputers(USBdevices,
harddrivesetc).
•Installationofprogramsonanycomputerinthenetwork,vericationthateach
programisauthentic.
•Denitionofwhichprogramsareallowedtorunoneachcomputer.
•Loggingmechanismofcomputeractivity,andinspectionoftheselogs.
Howtodeneandimplementtheserulesdependsoneachenduser'snetworksystem
conguration,whichagainmustbearesultofthepoliciesandthreatlevelstheenduser
hasdenedforthecompleteinstallation.Forsomeproductsthenetworkconsistsofonly
processorunitsand/orworkstations,transceiversandafewsensors.Onothervessels,
largercomputersystemscanbeinstalledtoincludenumerousproductsanddatasystems.
Theremustbeoneresponsiblepersonforthesecurityofthesystem,largeorsmall.
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Supportinformation
ShouldyouneedtechnicalsupportforyourEA440youmustcontactaKongsberg
Maritimeofce.Alistofallourofcesisprovidedonourwebsite.Youcanalsocontact
ourmainsupportofceinNorway.
•Companyname:KongsbergMaritimeAS
•Address:Strandpromenaden50,3190Horten,Norway
•Telephone(24hsupport):[phone]
•Website:https://www.km.kongsberg.com
•E-mailaddress:[email protected]
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Preparations
Topics
Installationsummary,page17
Aboutinstallationdrawings,page18
Tools,equipmentandconsumablesrequiredforEA440installation,page18
Wheretoinstallthetransducer,page19
Acousticnoise,page24
EA440Installationmanual

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Installationsummary
InstallationoftheEA440isademandingtaskthatrequirescarefulpreparations,a
numberofspecicprocedures,wiringandrequiredsystemsettings.
Context
Anoverallinstallationprocedureisprovided.
Note
InordertoobtainmaximumsafetyandEA440performance,itisveryimportantthatthe
installationproceduresinthismanualarecompliedto.Youmustdothetasksintheorder
theyaredescribed.Thevesselownermustmakesurethattheinstallationshipyardholds
theapplicablecompetencetoperformtheinstallation,andthattheapplicablemaritime
authoritiesareavailabletoverifyandcertifytheinstallation.
Procedure
1Determinethephysicallocationofthetransducer(ortransducers).
Necessaryconsiderationsmustbetakentoavoidacousticandelectricdisturbances.
2Installeachtransducer.
Eachtransducerwillpenetratethehull.Forthisreason,thisisacrucialpart
oftheinstallation.Theinstallationshipyardmustprovideallnecessarydesign
andinstallationdrawings,aswellastherelevantworkstandardsandmounting
procedures.Ifrequired,alldocumentsprovidedbytheshipyardforthephysical
installationoftheEA440mustbeapprovedbythevessel’snationalregistryand
correspondingmaritimeauthorityand/orclassicationsociety.Suchapprovalmust
beobtainedbeforetheinstallationcanbegin.Theshipownerandshipyarddoingthe
installationareresponsibleforobtainingandpayingforsuchapproval.
3InstalltheEA440systemunits.
NotethatsomeEA440systemunitsmaybecommercial.Unlessorderedspecically
thesearenotincludedinthedelivery,andmustbepurchasedlocally.
4InstallthecablesbetweentheEA440systemunits.
Observetherelevantcableplan,procedures,aswellasthegeneralrequirementsfor
cabling.
5PoweruptheEA440forthersttime,andsetittowork.
Note
InordertopowerupoftheEA440inasafeandcorrectmanner ,therelevant
proceduresmustbecompliedto!
6Connecttheperipheralunits.
7DoacompleteEA440systemtest.
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Aboutinstallationdrawings
Theinstallationshipyardmustprovideallnecessarydesignandinstallationdrawings,as
wellastherelevantworkstandardsandmountingprocedures.
Note
Ifrequired,alldocumentsprovidedbytheshipyardforthephysicalinstallationofthe
EA440mustbeapprovedbythevessel’ snationalregistryandcorrespondingmaritime
authorityand/orclassicationsociety.Suchapprovalmustbeobtainedbeforethe
installationcanbegin.Theshipownerandshipyarddoingtheinstallationareresponsible
forobtainingandpayingforsuchapproval.
KongsbergMaritimeoffersfreeadviceforinstallationplanning.Proposedarrangements
maybesentforcommentaryorsuggestions.Thefollowingdrawingsshouldbe
submittedshouldassistanceberequested:
•Generalarrangement
•Bodyplananddrawingsoftherelevantcompartment
•Linesplan
Tools,equipmentandconsumablesrequired
forEA440installation
InordertodotheEA440installation,allnecessarytoolsandequipmentformechanical
work,cabinetinstallationandelectricalwiringmustbeavailable.
Itisnotpracticaltoprovideadetailedlistofallnecessarytoolsandequipment.Youmust
beequippedwithastandardsetoftools.Thistoolsetmustcomprisethenormaltools
forelectronicandelectromechanicaltasks.Thisincludesdifferentscrewdrivertypes,
pliers,spanners,acablestripper,asolderingiron,etc.Eachtoolmustbeprovidedin
varioussizes.Werecommendthatalltoolsaredemagnetizedtoprotectyourequipment.
However,youmustmakesurethatthefollowingspecializedtoolsareavailable.
•Allnecessarytoolsandconsumablesrequiredforwelding
•Allnecessarytoolsandconsumablesrequiredforphysicalinstallationofunits,
cabinetsandracks
•Allnecessarytoolsandconsumablesrequiredforelectricalinstallations
EA440Installationmanual

392616/B19
Wheretoinstallthetransducer
Topics
Introductiontotransducerlocation,page19
Mountthetransducerdeep,page19
Avoidprotrudingobjectsnearthetransducer,page20
Keepthetransducerfarawayfromthepropellers,page21
Mountthetransduceratasafedistancefrombowthruster(s),page21
Summaryandgeneralrecommendations,page21
Introductiontotransducerlocation
Asingleanswertothequestion"wheretoinstallthetransducer"cannotbegiven.
Thephysicallocationofthetransducerdependsonthevessel'sdesignandconstruction,
howthehullisshaped,andhowthewaterrunsalongthehull.Therearehowevera
numberofimportantguidelines,andsomeoftheseareevenconicting.
Note
Theinformationheremustbeconsideredasgeneraladvice.EachEA440installation
mustbehandledseparatelydependingonthehulldesignandtheotherelectricaland
mechanicalsystemsinstalledonthevessel.
Mountthetransducerdeep
InordertoachievethebestpossibleEA440performance,mountthetransducerasdeep
aspossibleunderthevessel’shull.
Thereareseveralreasonsforthisrecommendation.
Flownoise
Considerthesituationswhenthevesselisunloaded,andpitchinginheavyseas.The
vesselisridinghigh,andthebowmayevenbeliftedoutofthewater.Thiswillcausea
lotofairtofollowtheshapeofthehull.
Theupperwaterlayersoftheseacontainamyriadofsmallairbubblescreatedbythe
breakingwaves.Inheavyseastheupper5to10metresmaybelledwithair,andthe
highestconcentrationswillbenearthesurface.Airbubblesabsorbandreectthesound
energy,andtheymayinworstcasesblockthesoundtransmissionaltogether.
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Cavitation
Cavitationistheformationofsmallairbubblesclosetothetransducerface.Thebubbles
appearbecausethelocalpressurebecomesnegativeduringpartsoftheacousticpressure
cycles.Thecavitationthresholdincreaseswiththehydrostaticpressure.Thenoiseis
madewhenthebubblesimplode.
Transmittinginair
Thetransducermustneverbeliftedfreeofthewatersurface.Ifthetransduceris
activatedwhenoutofwateritmaybedamagedbeyondrepair.Mountingthetransducer
atadeeppositiononthehullwillinnormallypreventthis.
Slamming
Slamminghappensifthevesselhullclimbsoutofthewaterinheavyseas.Theforceof
thewaterwhenthehullfallsdownmaypushthetransducerup,andmaycausedamage
bothtothetransducerandtoitsmounting.Thisisespeciallyimportantforlowfrequency
transducerswithlargefaces.Theeffectofslammingcanbereducedbymountingthe
transducerasdeepaspossibleonthehull.
Note
KongsbergMaritimeAStakesnoresponsibilityforanydamagestothetransducer,the
cableorthemountingarrangement,causedbyslamming.
Avoidprotrudingobjectsnearthetransducer
Objectsprotrudingfromthehullwillgenerateturbulenceandownoise.Thiswill
reducetheEA440performance.
Protrudingobjectsmaybezincanodes,transducersoreventhevessel'skeel.Holesand
pipeoutletsarealsoimportantnoisesources,aswellasroughsurfacescausedbybad
welding.Eventracesofsealingcompound,sharpedges,boltsoremptyboltholeswill
createnoise.Alltheseprotrudingobjectsmayactasresonantcavitiesamplifyingthe
ownoiseatcertainfrequencies.
Donotplaceatransducerinthevicinityofprotrudingobjects,andespeciallynotclose
behindthem.Makesurethatthesurfaceofthetransducerface,thehullplatingandputty
aroundthetransducerisasevenandsmoothaspossible.Mountingscrewsorboltsmust
notbeextrudingfromthetransducer,theinstallationhardwareorthehullplating.If
necessary,grindandpolishallsurfaces.
EA440Installationmanual