Hameg Hm1507-3 User manual

Subject to change without notice

Table of contents

Oscilloscope

HM1507-3.02

St.250900-Hüb/tke

General information regarding the CE marking .......... 4

Specifications ................................................................... 5

General Information ........................................................ 6

Symbols ........................................................................ 6

Use of tilt handle .......................................................... 6

Safety ............................................................................ 6

EMC .............................................................................. 7

Warranty ....................................................................... 7

Maintenance ................................................................. 7

Protective Switch-Off ................................................... 7

Power supply ................................................................ 7

Type of signal voltage ..................................................... 8

Amplitude Measurements ............................................ 8

Total value of input voltage .......................................... 9

Time Measurements .................................................... 9

Connection of Test Signal........................................... 10

Controls and Readout .................................................... 11

First Time Operation ...................................................... 27

Trace Rotation TR ....................................................... 27

Probe compensation and use .................................... 27

Adjustment at 1kHz .................................................... 28

Adjustment at 1MHz .................................................. 28

Operating modes of the vertical

amplifiers in Yt mode ................................................. 28

X-Y Operation .............................................................. 29

Phase comparison with Lissajous figures ................. 29

Phase difference measurement

in DUAL mode (Yt) ...................................................... 29

Phase difference measurement in DUAL mode ....... 30

Measurement of an amplitude modulation ............... 30

Triggering and time base .............................................. 30

Automatic Peak (value) -Triggering ............................ 31

Normal Triggering ....................................................... 31

- Slope .................................................................... 31

Trigger coupling ........................................................... 31

Triggering of video signals .......................................... 32

Line / Mains triggering (~) .......................................... 32

Alternate triggering ..................................................... 32

External triggering ...................................................... 33

HOLD OFF-time adjustment ...................................... 33

B time base (2nd time base) / .................................... 33

Triggering after Delay ................................................. 33

AUTO SET ....................................................................... 34

Component Tester (analog mode) ............................... 34

General ........................................................................ 34

Using the Component Tester ..................................... 35

Test Procedure ............................................................ 35

Test Pattern Displays .................................................. 35

Testing Resistors ........................................................ 35

Testing Capacitors and Inductors ............................... 35

Testing Semiconductors ............................................. 35

Testing Diodes ............................................................ 35

Testing Transistors ...................................................... 36

In-Circuit Tests ............................................................ 36

Storage mode ................................................................. 36

Signal recording modes .............................................. 37

Vertical resolution ....................................................... 37

Horizontal resolution ................................................... 37

Maximum signal frequency in storage mode ............ 37

Alias signal display ...................................................... 38

Test Instructions ............................................................. 38

General ........................................................................ 38

Cathode Ray Tube:

Brightness and Focus,

Linearity, Raster Distortion ......................................... 38

Astigmatism Check .................................................... 38

Symmetry and Drift of the Vertical Amplifier ............ 38

Calibration of the Vertical Amplifier ............................ 38

Transmission Performance ......................................... 39

of the Vertical Amplifier .............................................. 39

Operating Modes: CH.I/II, DUAL, ADD,

CHOP., INVERT and X-Y Operation ............................ 39

Triggering Checks ....................................................... 39

Time base .................................................................... 40

Hold Off time .............................................................. 40

Component Tester ...................................................... 40

Trace Alignment .......................................................... 40

Adjustments ................................................................ 40

RS232 Interface - Remote Control ............................... 40

Safety .......................................................................... 40

Operation .................................................................... 40

Baud-Rate Setting ....................................................... 40

Data Communication .................................................. 40

Front control HM1507-3 ................................................ 41

Subject to change without notice

KONFORMITÄTSERKLÄRUNG

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

DECLARATION DE CONFORMITE

Instruments

Herstellers HAMEG GmbH

Manufacturer Kelsterbacherstraße 15-19

Fabricant D - 60528 Frankfurt

Bezeichnung / Product name / Designation:

Oszilloskop/Oscilloscope/Oscilloscope

Typ / Type / Type: HM1507-3

mit / with / avec: -

Optionen / Options / Options: HO79-6

mit den folgenden Bestimmungen / with applicable regulations / avec les

directives suivantes

EMV Richtlinie 89/336/EWG ergänzt durch 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EWG

EMC Directive 89/336/EEC amended by 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EEC

Directive EMC 89/336/CEE amendée par 91/263/EWG, 92/31/CEE

Niederspannungsrichtlinie 73/23/EWG ergänzt durch 93/68/EWG

Low-Voltage Equipment Directive 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC

Directive des equipements basse tension 73/23/CEE amendée par 93/68/CEE

Angewendete harmonisierte Normen / Harmonized standards applied / Normes

harmonisées utilisées

Sicherheit / Safety / Sécurité

EN 61010-1: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1010-1: 1990 A 1: 1992 / VDE 0411: 1994

EN 61010-1/A2: 1995 / IEC 1010-1/A2: 1995 / VDE 0411 Teil 1/A1: 1996-05

Überspannungskategorie / Overvoltage category / Catégorie de surtension: II

Verschmutzungsgrad / Degree of pollution / Degré de pollution: 2

Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit / Electromagnetic compatibility

Compatibilité électromagnétique

EN 50082-2: 1995 / VDE 0839 T82-2

ENV 50140: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1004-4-3: 1995 / VDE 0847 T3

ENV 50141: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-6 / VDE 0843 / 6

EN 61000-4-2: 1995 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-2: 1995 / VDE 0847 T4-2

Prüfschärfe / Level / Niveau = 2

EN 61000-4-4: 1995 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-4: 1995 / VDE 0847 T4-4:

Prüfschärfe / Level / Niveau = 3

EN 50081-1: 1992 / EN 55011: 1991 / CISPR11: 1991 / VDE0875 T11: 1992

Gruppe / group / groupe = 1, Klasse / Class / Classe = B

Datum /Date /Date Unterschrift / Signature /Signatur

23.04.1999

G. Hübenett

QMB

General information regarding the CE marking

HAMEG instruments fulfill the regulations of the EMC directive. The conformity test made by HAMEG is based on the actual

generic- and product standards. In cases where different limit values are applicable, HAMEG applies the severer standard. For

emission the limits for residential, commercial and light industry are applied. Regarding the immunity (susceptibility) the limits

for industrial environment have been used.

The measuring- and data lines of the instrument have much influence on emmission and immunity and therefore on meeting the

acceptance limits. For different applications the lines and/or cables used may be different. For measurement operation the

following hints and conditions regarding emission and immunity should be observed:

1. Data cables

For the connection between instruments resp. their interfaces and external devices, (computer, printer etc.) sufficiently screened

cables must be used. Without a special instruction in the manual for a reduced cable length, the maximum cable length of a

dataline must be less than 3 meters long. If an interface has several connectors only one connector must have a connection to

a cable.

Basically interconnections must have a double screening. For IEEE-bus purposes the double screened cables HZ72S and HZ72L

from HAMEG are suitable.

2. Signal cables

Basically test leads for signal interconnection between test point and instrument should be as short as possible. Without

instruction in the manual for a shorter length, signal lines must be less than 3 meters long. Signal lines must screened (coaxial

cable - RG58/U). A proper ground connection is required. In combination with signal generators double screened cables (RG223/

U, RG214/U) must be used.

3. Influence on measuring instruments.

Under the presence of strong high frequency electric or magnetic fields, even with careful setup of the measuring equipment an

influence of such signals is unavoidable.

This will not cause damage or put the instrument out of operation. Small deviations of the measuring value (reading) exceeding

the instruments specifications may result from such conditions in individual cases.

4. RF immunity of oscilloscopes.

4.1 Electromagnetic RF field

The influence of electric and magnetic RF fields may become visible (e.g. RF superimposed), if the field intensity is high. In most

cases the coupling into the oscilloscope takes place via the device under test, mains/line supply, test leads, control cables and/

or radiation. The device under test as well as the oscilloscope may be effected by such fields.

Although the interior of the oscilloscope is screened by the cabinet, direct radiation can occur via the CRT gap. As the bandwidth

of each amplifier stage is higher than the total –3dB bandwidth of the oscilloscope, the influence RF fields of even higher

frequencies may be noticeable.

4.2 Electrical fast transients / electrostatic discharge

Electrical fast transient signals (burst) may be coupled into the oscilloscope directly via the mains/line supply, or indirectly via

test leads and/or control cables. Due to the high trigger and input sensitivity of the oscilloscopes, such normally high signals

may effect the trigger unit and/or may become visible on the CRT, which is unavoidable. These effects can also be caused by

direct or indirect electrostatic discharge.

HAMEG GmbH

Subject to change without notice

The 150 MHz (200MS/s) Analog-/Digital-Oscilloscope HM1507-3

Autoset

Auto Cursor

Readout / Cursor

Save / Recall

2 Reference Memories

Dual Time Base

Component Tester

1kHz/1MHz Calibrator

RS232 Interface

Digital:

■■

■Refresh, Single, Roll-, Envelope-, Average-,XY-Mode

■■

■Max. Sampling Rate 200MS/s, Storage 2x2048x8 bit

■■

■Time Base A: 100s - 50ns/div., B: 20ms - 50ns/div.

■■

■Pre Trigger 25-50-75-100%, Post Trigger 25-50-75%

■■

■Screen Refresh 180/s, Dot Join (linear)

Analog:

■■

■2 x DC to 150MHz, 2 x 1mV-50V/div

■■

■Time Base A with Trig. DC to 250MHz

■■

■Time Base B with 2ndTrig. to 250MHz

■■

■Trig. DC to 250MHz, TV Sync. Separator

■■

■1kHz/1MHz Calibrator, CRT with 14kV

Specifications

Vertical Deflection

Operating modes: Channel I or II separate

both Channels (alternated or chopped)

Chopper frequency: approx. 0.5MHz)

Sum or Difference: from CH I and CH II

Invert: CH I and CH II

XY-Mode: via channel I (Y) and channel II(X)

Frequency range: DC to 150MHz (-3dB)

Rise time: <2.3ns

Overshoot: ≤1%

Deflection coefficient: 14 calibrated positions

from 1mV/div to 20V/div in 1-2-5 sequence,

variable 2.5:1 to min. 50V/div.

Accuracy in calibrated positions

1mV/div – 2mV/div: ±5%(DC-10MHz(-3dB))

5mV/div – 20V/div: ±3%

Input impedance: 1MΩII 15pF

Input coupling: DC-AC-GD (ground)

Input voltage: max. 400V (DC + peak AC)

Delay line: approx. 70ns

Triggering

Automatic (peak to peak):20Hz-250MHz (≥0.5div.)

Normal with level control:DC-250MHz (≥0.5div.)

Indicator for trigger action: LED

Slope: positive or negative

Sources: Channel I or II, line and external

ALT. Triggering: CH I/CH II (≥0.8div.)

Coupling: AC (10 – 250MHz)

DC (0 – 250MHz)

HF (50kHz – 250MHz)

LF (0 – 1.5kHz)

NR (Noise reject)0 - 50MHz (≥0.8div.)

Triggering time base B:normal with level control

and slope selection (0 – 250 MHz)

External: ≥0.3Vpp (0 – 250MHz)

Active TV Sync. Separator: field & line, + / –

Horizontal Deflection

Analog Time Base:

Accuracy in calibr. position 3%; 1-2-5 sequence

A: 0.5s-50ns/div.

B: 20ms-50ns/div.

Operating modes: A or B, alternate A/B

Variable: 2.5:1 up to 1.25s/div.

X-MAG. x10 (±5%) max. 5ns/div.

Holdoff time: variable to approx. 10:1

Bandwidth X-amplifier: 0 – 3MHz (-3dB)

X-Y phase shift: <3° below 220kHz

Digital Time Base:

Accuracy: 3%; 1-2-5 sequence

A: 100s-0.1µs/div.

Peak detect: 100s – 5µs/div.

B: 20ms-0.1µs/div.

Peak detect: 20ms – 5µs/div.

Operating modes: A or B, alternate A/B

X-MAG. x10 (±5%): 10ns/div.

Bandwidth X-Amplifier: 0 – 20MHz (-3dB)

X-Y phase shift: <3° below 20MHz

Input X-amplifier: via Channel II

Sensitivity: see CH II

Digital Storage

Operating modes: Refresh, Roll, Single, XY

Peak Detect, Average (2 to 512), Envelope

Dot Join function: automatically

Acquisition (real time)

8 bit flash A/D max. 200MS/s

Peak detect: 5ns

Display refresh rate: max. 180/s

Memory & display: 2k x 8bit per channel

Reference memory: 2 waveforms 2k x 8bit

Saved in: (EEPROM).

Resolution (samples/div.): X 200/div.

Y25 /div.

XY 25 x 25/div.

Pre-/Post Trigger: 25,50,75,100, -25,-50,-75%

Operation / Control

Manual: front panel switches

Auto Set: signal related automatic

parameter selection

Save & Recall:9 user defined parameter settings

Readout & Cursor (analog/digital)

Display of parameter settings and other functions

on the screen. Trigger point indication.

Cursor measurement of ∆U, ∆t or 1/∆t (frequency),

separate or in tracking mode.

Readout intensity: separately adjustable.

Interface

PC remote control: built in RS232 interface

Option: HO79-6 Multifunction-Interface

IEEE-Bus, RS232, and Centronics

Output formats (HO79-6):PCL, Post Script

HPGL, EPSON

Opto interface HZ70

Component Tester

Test voltage: max. 7Vrms (o/c).

Test current: max. 7mArms (s/c)

Test frequency: approx.50Hz

One test lead is grounded (Safety Earth)

General Information

CRT: D14-375GY, 8x10cm internal graticule

Acceleration voltage: approx. 14kV

Trace rotation: adjustable on front panel

Calibrator: 0.2V ±1%, ≈1kHz/1MHz (tr <4ns)

Line voltage: 100-240V AC ±10%, 50/60Hz

Power consumption: approx. 47 Watt at 50Hz

Min./Max. ambient temperature: 0°C...+40°C

Protective system: Safety class I (IEC1010-1)

Weight: approx. 6.5kg (12.4lbs)

Color: techno-brown

Cabinet: W 285, H125, D380 mm

Lockable tilt handle 7/00

Accessories supplied: Operators Manual, 4 Disks, Line Cord, 2 Probes 10:1

Subject to change without notice

General Information

This oscilloscope is easy to operate. The logical arrangement

of the controls allows anyone to quickly become familiar with

the operation of the instrument, however, experienced users

are also advised to read through these instructions so that all

functions are understood.

Immediately after unpacking, the instrument should be

checked for mechanical damage and loose parts in the interior.

If there is transport damage, the supplier must be informed

immediately. The instrument must then not be put into

operation.

Symbols

ATTENTION - refer to manual

Danger - High voltage

Protective ground (earth) terminal

Use of tilt handle

To view the screen from the best angle, there are three

different positions (C, D, E) for setting up the instrument. If

the instrument is set down on the floor after being carried,

the handle automatically remains in the upright carrying

position (A). In order to place the instrument onto a horizontal

surface, the handle should be turned to the upper side of the

oscilloscope (C). For the D position (10° inclination), the handle

should be turned to the opposite direction of the carrying

position until it locks in place automatically underneath the

instrument. For the E position (20° inclination), the handle

should be pulled to release it from the D position and swing

backwards until it locks once more. The handle may also be

set to a position for horizontal carrying by turning it to the

upper side to lock in the B position. At the same time, the

instrument must be lifted, because otherwise the handle will

jump back.

Safety

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance

with IEC Publication 1010-1 (overvoltage category II, pollution

degree 2), Safety requirements for electrical equipment for

measurement, control, and laboratory use. The CENELEC

regulations EN 61010-1 correspond to this standard. It has

left the factory in a safe condition. This instruction manual

contains important information and warnings which have to

be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain

the oscilloscope in a safe condition.

The case, chassis and all measuring terminals are

connected to the protective earth contact of the

appliance inlet. The instrument operates according

to Safety Class I (three-conductor power cord with

protective earthing conductor and a plug with

earthing contact).

The mains/line plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet

provided with a protective earth contact. The protective action

must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without

a protective conductor.

The mains/line plug must be inserted before connec-

tions are made to measuring circuits.

The grounded accessible metal parts (case, sockets, jacks)

and the mains/line supply contacts (line/live, neutral) of the

instrument have been tested against insulation breakdown

with 2200V DC.

Under certain conditions, 50Hz or 60Hz hum voltages can

occur in the measuring circuit due to the interconnection with

other mains/line powered equipment or instruments. This

can be avoided by using an isolation transformer (Safety Class

II) between the mains/line outlet and the power plug of the

device being investigated.

Most cathode-ray tubes develop X-rays.

However, the dose equivalent rate falls far below the

maximum permissible value of 36pA/kg (0.5mR/h).

Whenever it is likely that protection has been impaired, the

instrument shall be made inoperative and be secured against

any unintended operation. The protection is likely to be

impaired if, for example, the instrument

• shows visible damage,

• fails to perform the intended measurements,

• has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavorable

conditions (e.g. in the open or in moist environments),

• has been subject to severe transport stress (e.g. in poor

packaging).

Intended purpose and operating conditions

This instrument must be used only by qualified experts who

are aware of the risks of electrical measurement.

The instrument is specified for operation in industry, light

industry, commercial and residential environments.

Due to safety reasons the instrument must only be connected

to a properly installed power outlet, containing a protective

earth conductor. The protective earth connection must not

be broken. The power plug must be inserted in the power

outlet while any connection is made to the test device.

The instrument has been designed for indoor use. The

permissible ambient temperature range during operation is

+10°C (+50°F) ... +40°C (+104°F). It may occasionally be

subjected to temperatures between +10°C (+50°F) and -10°C

(+14°F) without degrading its safety. The permissible ambient

temperature range for storage or transportation is -40°C (-

0°F) ... +70°C (+158°F). The maximum operating altitude is

up to 2200m (non-operating 15000m). The maximum relative

humidity is up to 80%.

If condensed water exists in the instrument it should be

acclimatized before switching on. In some cases (e.g.

extremely cold oscilloscope) two hours should be allowed

before the instrument is put into operation. The instrument

General Information

Subject to change without notice

on which the technical data are based. The test methods

described in the test plan of this manual can be performed

without great expenditure on measuring instruments.

However, purchase of the HAMEG scope tester HZ60, which

despite its low price is highly suitable for tasks of this type,

is very much recommended. The exterior of the oscilloscope

should be cleaned regularly with a dusting brush. Dirt which

is difficult to remove on the casing and handle, the plastic

and aluminum parts, can be removed with a moistened cloth

(99% water +1% mild detergent). Spirit or washing benzene

(petroleum ether) can be used to remove greasy dirt. The

screen may be cleaned with water or washing benzene (but

not with spirit (alcohol) or solvents), it must then be wiped

with a dry clean lint-free cloth. Under no circumstances may

the cleaning fluid get into the instrument. The use of other

cleaning agents can attack the plastic and paint surfaces.

Protective Switch-Off

This instrument is equipped with a switch mode power supply.

It has both overvoltage and overload protection, which will

cause the switch mode supply to limit power consumption

to a minimum. In this case a ticking noise may be heard.

Power supply

The oscilloscope operates on mains/line voltages between

100VAC and 240VAC. No means of switching to different

input voltages has therefore been provided.

The power input fuses are externally accessible. The fuse

holder is located above the 3-pole power connector. The

power input fuses are externally accessible, if the rubber

connector is removed. The fuse holder can be released by

pressing its plastic retainers with the aid of a small screw-

driver. The retainers are located on the right and left side of

the holder and must be pressed towards the center. The

fuse(s) can then be replaced and pressed in until locked on

both sides.

Use of patched fuses or short-circuiting of the fuse holder is

not permissible; HAMEG assumes no liability whatsoever for

any damage caused as a result, and all warranty claims

become null and void.

Fuse type:

Size 5x20mm; 0.8A, 250V AC fuse;

must meet IEC specification 127,

Sheet III (or DIN 41 662

or DIN 41 571, sheet 3).

Time characteristic: time-lag (T).

Attention!

There is a fuse located inside the instrument within

the switch mode power supply:

Size 5x20mm; 0.8A, 250V AC fuse;

must meet IEC specification 127,

Sheet III (or DIN 41 662

or DIN 41 571, sheet 3).

Time characteristic: fast (F).

This fuse must not be replaced by the operator!

should be kept in a clean and dry room and must not be

operated in explosive, corrosive, dusty, or moist environ-

ments. The oscilloscope can be operated in any position, but

the convection cooling must not be impaired. The ventilation

holes may not be covered. For continuous operation the

instrument should be used in the horizontal position,

preferably tilted upwards, resting on the tilt handle.

The specifications stating tolerances are only valid if the

instrument has warmed up for 30minutes at an ambient

temperature between +15°C (+59°F) and +30°C (+86°F).

Values without tolerances are typical for an average instru-

ment.

EMC

This instrument conforms to the European standards regar-

ding the electromagnetic compatibility. The applied standards

are: Generic immunity standard EN50082-2:1995 (for indus-

trial environment) Generic emission standard EN50081-1:1992

(for residential, commercial and light industry environment).

This means that the instrument has been tested to the highest

standards.

Please note that under the influence of strong electro-

magnetic fields, such signals may be superimposed on the

measured signals.

Under certain conditions this is unavoidable due to the

instrument’s high input sensitivity, high input impedance and

bandwidth. Shielded measuring cables, shielding and earthing

of the device under test may reduce or eliminate those

effects.

Warranty

HAMEG warrants to its Customers that the products it

manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials

and workmanship for a period of 2 years. This warranty

shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by

improper use or inadequate maintenance and care. HAMEG

shall not be obliged to provide service under this warranty to

repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other

than HAMEG representatives to install, repair, service or

modify these products.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customers

must contact and notify the distributor who has sold the

product. Each instrument is subjected to a quality test with

10 hour burn-in before leaving the production. Practically all

early failures are detected by this method. In the case of

shipments by post, rail or carrier it is recommended that the

original packing is carefully preserved. Transport damages

and damage due to gross negligence are not covered by the

warranty.

In the case of a complaint, a label should be attached to the

housing of the instrument which describes briefly the faults

observed. If at the same time the name and telephone

number (dialing code and telephone or direct number or

department designation) is stated for possible queries, this

helps towards speeding up the processing of warranty claims.

Maintenance

Various important properties of the oscilloscope should be

carefully checked at certain intervals. Only in this way is it

largely certain that all signals are displayed with the accuracy

General Information

Subject to change without notice

Type of signal voltage

The following description of the HM1507-2 relates to the

analog-oscilloscope mode. Please note “Storage Opera-

tion”.

The oscilloscope HM1507-2 allows examination of DC vol-

tages and most repetitive signals in the frequency range up

to at least 150MHz (-3dB).

The vertical amplifiers have been designed for minimum

overshoot and therefore permit a true signal display.

The display of sinusoidal signals within the bandwidth limits

causes no problems, but an increasing error in measurement

due to gain reduction must be taken into account when

measuring high frequency signals. This error becomes

noticeable at approx. 70MHz. At approx. 110MHz the redu-

ction is approx. 10% and the real voltage value is 11% higher.

The gain reduction error can not be defined exactly as the -

3dB bandwidth of the amplifiers differ between 150MHz

and 170MHz.

For sine wave signals the -6dB limit is approx. 220MHz.

When examining square or pulse type waveforms, attention

must be paid to the harmonic content of such signals. The

repetition frequency (fundamental frequency) of the signal

must therefore be significantly smaller than the upper limit

frequency of the vertical amplifier.

Displaying composite signals can be difficult, especially if they

contain no repetitive higher amplitude content which can be

used for triggering. This is the case with bursts, for instance.

To obtain a well-triggered display in this case, the assistance

of the variable hold off function or the second time base may

be required. Television video signals are relatively easy to

trigger using the built-in TV-Sync-Separator (TV).

For optional operation as a DC or AC voltage amplifier, each

vertical amplifier input is provided with a DC/AC switch. DC

coupling should only be used with a series-connected atte-

nuator probe or at very low frequencies or if the measure-

ment of the DC voltage content of the signal is absolutely

necessary.

When displaying very low frequency pulses, the flat tops may

be sloping with AC coupling of the vertical amplifier (AC limit

frequency approx. 1.6 Hz for 3dB). In this case, DC operation

is preferred, provided the signal voltage is not superimposed

on a too high DC level. Otherwise a capacitor of adequate

capacitance must be connected to the input of the vertical

amplifier with DC coupling. This capacitor must have a

sufficiently high breakdown voltage rating. DC coupling is

also recommended for the display of logic and pulse signals,

especially if the pulse duty factor changes constantly.

Otherwise the display will move upwards or downwards at

each change. Pure direct voltages can only be measured with

DC coupling.

The input coupling is selectable by the AC/DC pushbutton.

The actual setting is displayed in the readout with the “ = “

symbol for DC- and the “ ~ “ symbol for AC coupling.

Amplitude Measurements

In general electrical engineering, alternating voltage data

normally refers to effective values (rms = root-mean-square

value). However, for signal magnitudes and voltage desi-

gnations in oscilloscope measurements, the peak-to-peak

voltage (Vpp) value is applied. The latter corresponds to the

real potential difference between the most positive and most

negative points of a signal waveform. If a sinusoidal

waveform, displayed on the oscilloscope screen, is to be

converted into an effective (rms) value, the resulting peak-

to-peak value must be divided by 2x√2 = 2.83. Conversely, it

should be observed that sinusoidal voltages indicated in Vrms

(Veff) have 2.83 times the potential difference in Vpp.

The relationship between the different voltage magnitudes

can be seen from the following figure.

Voltage values of a sine curve

Vrms = effective value; Vp= simple peak or crest value;

Vpp = peak-to-peak value; Vmom = momentary value.

The minimum signal voltage which must be applied to the Y

input for a trace of 1div height is 1mVpp (± 5%) when this

deflection coefficient is displayed on the screen (readout)

and the vernier is switched off (VAR-LED dark). However,

smaller signals than this may also be displayed. The deflection

coefficients are indicated in mV/div or V/div (peak-to-peak

value).

The magnitude of the applied voltage is ascertained by

multiplying the selected deflection coefficient by the vertical

display height in div. If an attenuator probe x10 is used, a

further multiplication by a factor of 10 is required to ascertain

the correct voltage value.

For exact amplitude measurements, the variable control (VAR)

must be set to its calibrated detent CAL position.

With the variable control activated the deflection sensitivity

can be reduced up to a ratio of 2.5 to 1 (please note “controls

and readout”). Therefore any intermediate value is possible

within the 1-2-5 sequence of the attenuator(s).

With direct connection to the vertical input, signals

up to 400Vpp may be displayed (attenuator set to

20V/div, variable control to 2.5:1).

With the designations

H= display height in div,

U= signal voltage in Vpp at the vertical input,

D= deflection coefficient in V/div at attenuator switch,

the required value can be calculated from the two given

quantities:

However, these three values are not freely selectable.

They have to be within the following limits (trigger threshold,

accuracy of reading):

Hbetween 0.5 and 8div, if possible 3.2 to 8div,

Ubetween 0.5mVpp and 160Vpp,

Dbetween 1mV/div and 20V/div in 1-2-5 sequence.

Type of signal voltage

Subject to change without notice

Examples:

Set deflection coefficient D= 50mV/div 0.05V/div,

observed display height H= 4.6div,

required voltage U= 0.05x4.6 = 0.23Vpp.

Input voltage U = 5Vpp,

set deflection coefficient D= 1V/div,

required display height H= 5:1 = 5div.

Signal voltage U= 230Vrmsx 2

?√

2 = 651Vpp

(voltage > 160Vpp, with probe 10:1: U= 65.1Vpp),

desired display height H= min. 3.2div, max. 8div,

max. deflection coefficient D= 65.1:3.2 = 20.3V/div,

min. deflection coefficient D= 65.1:8 = 8.1V/div,

adjusted deflection coefficient D= 10V/div.

The previous examples are related to the CRT graticule

reading. The results can also be determined with the aid of

the ∆V cursor measurement (please note “controls and

readout”).

The input voltage must not exceed 400V, independent

from the polarity.

If an AC voltage which is superimposed on a DC voltage is

applied, the maximum peak value of both voltages must not

exceed + or -400V. So for AC voltages with a mean value of

zero volt the maximum peak to peak value is 800Vpp.

If attenuator probes with higher limits are used, the

probes limits are valid only if the oscilloscope is set

to DC input coupling.

If DC voltages are applied under AC input coupling conditions

the oscilloscope maximum input voltage value remains 400V.

The attenuator consists of a resistor in the probe and the

1MΩinput resistor of the oscilloscope, which are disabled

by the AC input coupling capacity when AC coupling is

selected. This also applies to DC voltages with superimposed

AC voltages. It also must be noted that due to the capacitive

resistance of the AC input coupling capacitor, the attenuation

ratio depends on the signal frequency. For sine wave signals

with frequencies higher than 40Hz this influence is negligible.

With the above listed exceptions HAMEG 10:1 probes can

be used for DC measurements up to 600V or AC voltages

(with a mean value of zero volt) of 1200Vpp. The 100:1 probe

HZ53 allows for 1200V DC or 2400Vpp for AC.

It should be noted that its AC peak value is derated at higher

frequencies. If a normal x10 probe is used to measure high

voltages there is the risk that the compensation trimmer

bridging the attenuator series resistor will break down causing

damage to the input of the oscilloscope. However, if for

example only the residual ripple of a high voltage is to be

displayed on the oscilloscope, a normal x10 probe is sufficient.

In this case, an appropriate high voltage capacitor (approx.

22-68nF) must be connected in series with the input tip of

the probe.

With Y-POS. control (input coupling to GD) it is possible to

use a horizontal graticule line as reference line for ground

potential before the measurement. It can lie below or above

the horizontal central line according to whether positive and/

or negative deviations from the ground potential are to be

measured.

Total value of input voltage

The dotted line shows a voltage alternating at zero volt level. If

superimposed on a DC voltage, the addition of the positive peak

and the DC voltage results in the max. voltage (DC + ACpeak).

Time Measurements

As a rule, most signals to be displayed are periodically repea-

ting processes, also called periods. The number of periods

per second is the repetition frequency. Depending on the

time base setting (TIME/DIV.-knob) indicated by the readout,

one or several signal periods or only a part of a period can be

displayed. The time coefficients are stated in ms/div, µs/

div or ns/div. The following examples are related to the CRT

graticule reading. The results can also be determined with

the aid of the ∆t and 1/∆t cursor measurement (please note

“controls and readout”).

The duration of a signal period or a part of it is determined by

multiplying the relevant time (horizontal distance in div) by

the (calibrated) time coefficient displayed in the readout .

Uncalibrated, the time base speed can be reduced until a

maximum factor of 2.5 is reached. Therefore any intermediate

value is possible within the 1-2-5 sequence.

With the designations

L= displayed wave length in div of one period,

T= time in seconds for one period,

F= recurrence frequency in Hz of the signal,

Tc = time coefficient in ms, µs or ns/div and the relation

F = 1/T, the following equations can be stated:

However, these four values are not freely selectable. They

have to be within the following limits:

Lbetween 0.2 and 10div, if possible 4 to 10div,

Tbetween 5ns and 5s,

Fbetween 0.5Hz and 100MHz,

Tc between 50ns/div and 500ms/div in 1-2-5 sequence

(with X-MAG. (x10) inactive), and

Tc between 5ns/div and 50ms/div in 1-2-5 sequence

(with X-MAG. (x10) active).

Examples:

Displayed wavelength L = 7div,

set time coefficient Tc = 100ns/div,

required period T = 7x100x10-9 = 0.7µs

required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.7x10-6) = 1.428MHz.

Signal period T = 1s,

set time coefficient Tc = 0.2s/div,

required wavelength L = 1:0.2 = 5div.

Displayed ripple wavelength L = 1div,

set time coefficient Tc = 10ms/div,

required ripple freq. F = 1:(1x10x10-3) = 100Hz.

TV-line frequency F = 15625Hz,

Type of signal voltage

Subject to change without notice

set time coefficient Tc = 10µs/div,

required wavelength L = 1:(15625x10-5) = 6.4div.

Sine wavelength L = min. 4div, max. 10div,

Frequency F = 1kHz,

max. time coefficient Tc = 1:(4x103) = 0.25ms/div,

min. time coefficient Tc = 1:(10x103) = 0.1ms/div,

set time coefficient Tc = 0.2ms/div,

required wavelength L = 1:(103x0.2x10-3) = 5div.

Displayed wavelength L = 0.8div,

set time coefficient Tc = 0.5µs/div,

pressed X-MAG. (x10) pushbutton: Tc = 0.05µs/div,

required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.8x0.05x10-6) = 25MHz,

required period T = 1:(25x106) = 40ns.

If the time is relatively short as compared with the complete

signal period, an expanded time scale should always be

applied (X-MAG. (x10) active). In this case, the time interval

of interest can be shifted to the screen center using the X-

POS. control.

When investigating pulse or square waveforms, the critical

feature is the rise time of the voltage step. To ensure that

transients, ramp-offs, and bandwidth limits do not unduly

influence the measuring accuracy, the rise time is generally

measured between 10% and 90% of the vertical pulse height.

For measurement, adjust the Y deflection coefficient using

its variable function (uncalibrated) together with the Y-POS.

control so that the pulse height is precisely aligned with the

0% and 100% lines of the internal graticule. The 10% and

90% points of the signal will now coincide with the 10% and

90% graticule lines. The rise time is given by the product of

the horizontal distance in div between these two coincident

points and the calibrated time coefficient setting. The fall

time of a pulse can also be measured by using this method.

The following figure shows correct positioning of the

oscilloscope trace for accurate rise time measurement.

With a time coefficient of 5ns/div (X x10 magnification active),

the example shown in the above figure results in a total

measured rise time of

ttot = 1.6div x 5ns/div : 10 = 8ns

When very fast rise times are being measured, the rise times

of the oscilloscope amplifier and of the attenuator probe has

to be deducted from the measured time value. The rise time

of the signal can be calculated using the following formula.

In this ttot is the total measured rise time, tosc is the rise time

of the oscilloscope amplifier (approx. 2.3ns), and tpthe rise

time of the probe (e.g. = 2ns). If ttot is greater than 34ns,

then ttot can be taken as the rise time of the pulse, and calcu-

lation is unnecessary.

Calculation of the example in the figure above results in a

signal rise time

The measurement of the rise or fall time is not limited to the

trace dimensions shown in the above diagram. It is only

particularly simple in this way. In principle it is possible to

measure in any display position and at any signal amplitude.

It is only important that the full height of the signal edge of

interest is visible in its full length at not too great steepness

and that the horizontal distance at 10% and 90% of the

amplitude is measured. If the edge shows rounding or over-

shooting, the 100% should not be related to the peak values

but to the mean pulse heights. Breaks or peaks (glitches)

next to the edge are also not taken into account. With very

severe transient distortions, the rise and fall time measure-

ment has little meaning. For amplifiers with approximately

constant group delay (therefore good pulse transmission

performance) the following numerical relationship between

rise time tr (in ns) and bandwidth B (in MHz) applies:

Connection of Test Signal

In most cases briefly depressing the AUTO SET causes a

useful signal related instrument setting. The following

explanations refer to special applications and/or signals,

demanding a manual instrument setting. The description of

the controls is explained in the section “controls and read-

out”.

Caution:

When connecting unknown signals to the oscil-

loscope input, always use automatic triggering and

set the input coupling switch to AC (readout). The

attenuator should initially be set to 20V/div.

Sometimes the trace will disappear after an input signal has

been applied. Then a higher deflection coefficient (lower input

sensitivity) must be chosen until the vertical signal height is

only 3-8div. With a signal amplitude greater than 160Vpp and

the deflection coefficient (VOLTS/DIV.) in calibrated

condition, an attenuator probe must be inserted before the

vertical input. If, after applying the signal, the trace is nearly

blanked, the period of the signal is probably substantially

longer than the set time deflection coefficient (TIME/DIV.).

It should be switched to an adequately larger time coefficient.

The signal to be displayed can be connected directly to the Y-

input of the oscilloscope with a shielded test cable such as

HZ32 or HZ34, or reduced through a x10 or x100 attenuator

probe. The use of test cables with high impedance circuits is

only recommended for relatively low frequencies (up to

approx. 50kHz). For higher frequencies, the signal source

must be of low impedance, i.e. matched to the characteristic

resistance of the cable (as a rule 50Ω). Especially when

transmitting square and pulse signals, a resistor equal to the

characteristic impedance of the cable must also be connected

across the cable directly at the Y-input of the oscilloscope.

When using a 50Ωcable such as the HZ34, a 50Ωthrough

termination type HZ22 is available from HAMEG. When

transmitting square signals with short rise times, transient

phenomena on the edges and top of the signal may become

visible if the correct termination is not used. A terminating

resistance is sometimes recommended with sine signals as

well. Certain amplifiers, generators or their attenuators

maintain the nominal output voltage independent of frequency

only if their connection cable is terminated with the prescribed

resistance. Here it must be noted that the terminating resistor

Type of signal voltage

Subject to change without notice

HZ22 will only dissipate a maximum of 2Watts. This power

is reached with 10Vrms or at 28.3Vpp with sine signal. If a

x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used, no termination is

necessary. In this case, the connecting cable is matched

directly to the high impedance input of the oscilloscope. When

using attenuators probes, even high internal impedance

sources are only slightly loaded (approx. 10MΩII 12pF or

100MΩII 5pF with HZ53). Therefore, if the voltage loss due

to the attenuation of the probe can be compensated by a

higher amplitude setting, the probe should always be used.

The series impedance of the probe provides a certain amount

of protection for the input of the vertical amplifier. Because

of their separate manufacture, all attenuator probes are only

partially compensated, therefore accurate compensation must

be performed on the oscilloscope (see Probe compensation).

Standard attenuator probes on the oscilloscope normally

reduce its bandwidth and increase the rise time. In all cases

where the oscilloscope bandwidth must be fully utilized (e.g.

for pulses with steep edges) we strongly advise using the

probes HZ51 (x10) HZ52 (x10 HF) and HZ54 (x1 and x10).

This can save the purchase of an oscilloscope with larger

bandwidth.

The probes mentioned have a HF-calibration in addition to

low frequency calibration adjustment. Thus a group delay

correction to the upper limit frequency of the oscilloscope is

possible with the aid of an 1MHz calibrator, e.g. HZ60.

In fact the bandwidth and rise time of the oscilloscope are

not noticeably changed with these probe types and the

waveform reproduction fidelity can even be improved because

the probe can be matched to the oscilloscopes individual pulse

response.

If a x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used, DC input

coupling must always be used at voltages above

400V. With AC coupling of low frequency signals, the

attenuation is no longer independent of frequency,

pulses can show pulse tilts. Direct voltages are

suppressed but load the oscilloscope input coupling

capacitor concerned. Its voltage rating is max. 400 V

(DC + peak AC). DC input coupling is therefore of quite

special importance with a x100 attenuation probe

which usually has a voltage rating of max. 1200 V

(DC + peak AC). A capacitor of corresponding

capacitance and voltage rating may be connected in

series with the attenuator probe input for blocking

DC voltage (e.g. for hum voltage measurement).

With all attenuator probes, the maximum AC input voltage

must be derated with frequency usually above 20kHz.

Therefore the derating curve of the attenuator probe type

concerned must be taken into account.

The selection of the ground point on the test object is

important when displaying small signal voltages. It should

always be as close as possible to the measuring point. If this

is not done, serious signal distortion may result from spurious

currents through the ground leads or chassis parts. The

ground leads on attenuator probes are also particularly critical.

They should be as short and thick as possible. When the

attenuator probe is connected to a BNC-socket, a BNC-adapter,

should be used. In this way ground and matching problems

are eliminated. Hum or interference appearing in the measuring

circuit (especially when a small deflection coefficient is used)

is possibly caused by multiple grounding because equalizing

currents can flow in the shielding of the test cables (voltage

drop between the protective conductor connections, caused

by external equipment connected to the mains/line, e.g. signal

generators with interference protection capacitors).

Controls and Readout

The following description assumes that the instrument is not

set to “COMPONENT TESTER”mode.

If the instrument is switched on, all important settings are

displayed in the readout. The LED’s located on the front panel

assist operation and indicate additional information. Incorrect

operation and the electrical end positions of control knobs

are indicated by a warning beep.

Except for the power pushbutton (POWER), the calibrator

frequency pushbutton (CAL. 1kHz/1MHz), the focus control

(FOCUS) and the trace rotation control (TR) all other controls

are electronically selected. All other functions and their settings

can therefore be remote controlled and stored. Some controls

are only operative in storage mode or have different functions

in analog operation. See “STORAGE MODE ONLY”.

The front panel is subdivided into sections.

On the top, immediately to the right of the CRT screen,

the following controls and LED indicators are placed:

(1) POWER - Pushbutton and symbols for ON (I) and OFF

(O).

After the oscilloscope is switched on, all LEDs lit and an

automated instrument test is performed. During this

time the HAMEG logo and the software version are

displayed on the screen. After the internal test is

completed successfully, the overlay is switched off and

the normal operation mode is present. Then the last

used settings become activated and one LED indicates

the ON condition.

Some mode functions can be modified (SETUP) and/or

automated adjustment procedures (CALIBRATE) can be

called if the “MAIN MENU”is present. To enter this

menu the AUTO SET pushbutton must be pressed

constantly when the HAMEG logo is displayed until

“MAIN MENU”becomes visible. For further information

please note “MENU”.

(2) AUTO SET - Briefly depressing this pushbutton results

in an automatic signal related instrument setting (please

note “AUTO SET”), if the signal frequency and height

are suited for automatic triggering (AT). In Yt mode the

actual channel operating conditions (CH I, CH II or DUAL)

remain unchanged, whereas the time base is auto-

matically set to Atime base mode.

In case of XY or CT (Component Tester) operation, the

instrument is set to the last used Yt mode setting.

Automatic CURSOR supported voltage measurement

If CURSOR voltage measurement is present, the

CURSOR lines are automatically set to the positive and

negative peak value of the signal. The accuracy of this

function depends on the signal frequency and is also

influenced by the signal‘s pulse duty factor. If the signal

height is insufficient, the CURSOR lines do not change.

In DUAL mode the CURSOR lines are related to the

signal which is used for internal triggering.

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

STORAGE MODE ONLY

Additionally, AUTOSET automatically selects refresh

mode (RFR) when SINGLE (SGL) or ROLL (ROL)

function is in operation.

Automatic CURSOR supported measurement

In contrast to analog mode, AUTO SET also causes an

automatic CURSOR line setting if time or frequency

measurement has been selected and at least one signal

period is displayed. Neither the signal frequency nor the

pulse duty factor have an effect on the accuracy when

CURSOR voltage measurement is chosen.

(3) RM - The remote control mode can be switched on or

off via the RS232 interface. In the latter case the “RM”

LED is lit and the electronically selectable controls on

front panel are inactive. This state can be left by

depressing the AUTO SET pushbutton provided it was

not inactivated via the interface.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

The RM LED is lit during signal transfer via the built in

RS232 interface. At this time the controls are inactive.

(4) INTENS - Knob with associated pushbutton and LEDs.

This control knob is for adjusting both the trace and

readout intensity. Turning this knob clockwise increases

and turning it counterclockwise decreases the intensity

of the selected function (A, RO resp. B).

The READ OUT pushbutton below is for selecting the

function in two ways.

Depending on the actual time base mode and the readout

(RO) not switched off, briefly pressing the READ OUT

pushbutton switches over the INTENS knob function

indicated by a LED in the sequences:

A - RO - A in condition A time base,

A - RO - B - A if alternate time base mode is present,

B - RO - B in condition B time base,

A - RO - B in XY mode and

A - RO - A in Component Tester (CT) mode.

Pressing and holding the READ OUT pushbutton swit-

ches the readout on or off. In readout off condition the

INTENS knob function can consequently not be set to

RO. Briefly pressing the pushbutton causes an error tone

if only A or B time base mode are present. If alternate

time base mode is used the switching sequence is A - B

- A.

Switching the readout off, may be required if interference

distortions are visible on the signal(s). Such distortions

may also originate from the chopper generator if the

instrument is operated in chopped DUAL mode.

In XY mode only A (for the signal) and RO can be

selected unless the readout is switched off. Then just

the A-LED is lit.

The readout is automatically switched off in COMPO-

NENT TEST mode and no other LED on the front panel

is lit except A.

All INTENS settings are stored after the instrument is

switched off.

The AUTO SET function switches the readout on and

selects A time base mode (A-LED lit). The INTENS

setting for each function is automatically set to the mean

value, if less intensity was previously selected.

(5) TR - The trace rotation control can be adjusted with a

small screwdriver (please note “trace rotation TR”)

(6) FOCUS - This control knob effects both the trace and

the readout sharpness.

(7) STOR. ON / HOLD - Pushbutton with two functions.

STOR. ON

Pressing and holding the pushbutton switches from

analog (Yt or XY) to storage mode and vice versa. If CT

(Component Tester) mode is present (only available in

analog mode), it must be switched off first to enable

switching over to storage mode.

The oscilloscope is in analog mode if none of the LED’s

associated with the STOR.MODE (9) pushbuttons are

lit and a pre- or post trigger value (PT...%) is not indicated

by the readout. Pressing and holding the STOR. ON

pushbutton switches over to the digital mode, but

without changing the channel operating mode (CH I, CH

II, DUAL, ADD and XY).

The actual signal capture mode is indicated by one of

the STOR. MODE-LED‘s (RFR - ENV - AVM - ROL) and

in addition displayed by the readout. In digital XY mode

the RFR-LED is lit and the readout indicates XY.

If digital SINGLE event (SGL) capture mode is selected,

all STOR. MODE-LED‘s are dark, but the readout displays

the pre- or post trigger value (PT...%).

Attention:

The time base ranges are different between ana-

log and storage mode operation depending on

the operating mode!

In ALTernate and B time base mode the B time

coefficient can never be set to a larger value than

the actual A time coefficient. The following

information excludes the X magnifier factor.

Analog mode:

A time base from 500ms/div to 50ns/div.

B time base from 20ms/div to 50ns/div.

Storage mode:

A time base from 100s/div to 100ns/div,

B time base from 20ms/div to 100ns/div,

This results in the following behavior when switched

from analog to digital mode and vice versa:

1.If in analog mode, the time base has been selected

between 200ns/div and 50ns/div, then on switching

to digital mode the lowest available time coefficient

will be automatically selected, i.e. 100ns/div. If now

one switches back to analog mode without having

made any time base changes in the digital mode, then

the last time base selected in the analog mode is again

active (e.g. 50ns/div).

If on the other hand, the time base is changed after

switching over to digital mode (e.g. to 2µs/div). Then,

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

when switched back to analog mode, the time base

in analog mode will be set to the value selected in the

digital mode (e.g. 2µs/div).

2.If a time base between 100s/div and 1s/div has been

set in the digital mode and the mode is switched to

analog, then the time base in analog mode is

automatically set to 500ms/div. The rest is as described

before.

The X-MAG x10 setting remains unchanged when

switched from analog to digital mode and vice versa.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

If by pressing and holding the STOR. ON / HOLD

pushbutton, the mode is switched to digital, then one

of the associated LED’s lights up. Which one it is,

depends on the last selected digital operation.

Exception

Switching over from analog SINGLE mode to di-

gital mode sets the instrument automatically to

digital SINGLE mode.

For additional information regarding the digital mode,

see section STORAGE OPERATION.

HOLD

STORAGE MODE ONLY

Briefly pressing the STOR. ON / HOLD pushbutton

switches over between protected and unprotected mode

of the current memory contents.

The current contents of the memory are protected

against overwriting when HLD (HOLD) instead of

channel information (e.g. Y1... ) is displayed in the

readout. This prevents a change in the Yt mode setting,

but it is possible to select between DUAL (Yt) and XY

display by pressing the DUAL (23) pushbutton if one of

these modes was selected before activating HOLD.

If HOLD is switched off, one can observe how the

existing memory contents are successively overwritten

by new data especially with slow time base settings

and refresh mode. Protecting the memory contents in

the middle of a data acquisition process can result in an

irregularity at the junction of old (right) and new data

(left). This can be avoided by recording in single shot

mode (SGL), even though the input signal is repetitive.

At the end of a sweep, one can use HOLD to protect

the contents against being overwritten by an uninten-

tional actuation of RESET (RES).

The signal in each of the current memory can be shifted

in the vertical direction (+/- 4div) with the corresponding

Y-POS rotary knob when HOLD is operative.

The original trace position will be lost when shifted

vertically, but this can be found again. To this end the Y-

POS knob in question must be rotated quickly. Once

the original position is reached, the trace does not shift

anymore although the knob is rotated further. Simul-

taneously a signal tone sounds. To shift the trace verti-

cally again it will be required to stop rotating the knob

for at least about 2 seconds.

Attention!

The dynamic range limits of the A/D converter may

become visible if a Y -position shift is performed after

storage. This can affect those signal parts which were

originally above or below the screen.

(8) PTR / PK Det - Pushbutton with two functions.

Neither function is available in analog mode.

PTR

Briefly pressing selects the PRE- and POST-Trigger value.

The PRE TRIGGER function is used to capture signals

that occur prior to a trigger event, making the prehistory

visible. In contrast to this function, the POST TRIGGER

is used to capture signals occurring after the trigger

event, which could not be captured in “0%”pre trigger

condition. Due to the dependence on trigger events,

neither function is available in the trigger independent

modes XY and ROLL.

The actual PRE- or POST TRIGGER value is displayed

by the readout and changes each time the PTR

pushbutton is pressed briefly, in the following sequence:

PT0%, PT25%, PT50%, PT75%, PT100%, PT-75%, PT-

50%, PT-25% and back to PT0%.

The values refer to the X-axis (graticule) of the screen

display (10% = 1div).

The following description assumes that the X magnifier

(x10) is inactive and the signal display starts on the

leftmost vertical graticule line. It is also assumed that a

trigger mode (source, coupling) is chosen, in which the

trigger point symbol is displayed. In contrast to analog

mode, using pre trigger the trigger point symbol can be

shifted in X-direction.

PRE TRIGGER

0% PRE TRIGGER (readout ”PT0%”) means that the

signal display starts with the trigger event. The trigger

point symbol indicates this position. If the X-POS. control

is not in center position, an arrow pointing to the left

may be displayed. Then the X-POS. (19) control must

be turned clockwise until the arrow is no longer visible.

25% PRE TRIGGER (readout ”PT25%”) is achieved after

pressing the PTR pushbutton once. The signal display

starts with 25% prehistory and the trigger point symbol

is shifted 2.5 divisions to the right.

Each time the PTR pushbutton is pressed the PRE

TRIGGER value increases by 25% until 100% is reached.

If in 100% condition an arrow symbol is displayed in

addition to the trigger point symbol, the X-POS. control

should be turned ccw. to make the trigger point visible

on the screen.

The duration of the prehistory is determined by multi-

plying the time coefficient by the pre trigger value (in

divisions). E.g. 20ms/div x 7,5 div (= 75% pre trigger) =

150ms.

POST TRIGGER

In POST TRIGGER condition the trigger point is always

to the left of the screen and therefore not visible. The

trigger point symbol then only indicates the LEVEL

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

setting. An additional arrow symbol which points to the

left is displayed to indicate post trigger operation. In

POST TRIGGER condition the arrow symbol does not

indicate a wrong X-POS. setting. A minus sign (-) placed

in front of the percentage value, is displayed by the

readout for POST TRIGGER mode indication.

Proceeding from 100% pre trigger, the instrument swit-

ches over to 75% POST TRIGGER (”PT-75%”) after

the PTR pushbutton is pressed. Then the trigger point

is 7.5 div to the left of the trace start on the screen.

This means that the signal capture starts 7.5 x time

deflection coefficient after the trigger event occurred.

Every time the PTR pushbutton is pressed the POST

TRIGGER value changes in 25% steps until PTR-25% is

active. When the PTR pushbutton is pressed again, both

post and pre trigger are switched off and the readout

indicates ”PT0%”.

Attention!

In time base settings from 100s/div to 50ms/div the

pre- or post trigger is automatically switched off

(”PT0%) if refresh (RFR), envelope (ENV) or average

(AVM) mode is active. This is to avoid excessive wai-

ting times.

If the pre- or post trigger function is required in combi-

nation with those time coefficients, SINGLE (SGL) mode

operation must be used.

PK Det

Pressing and holding switches the peak value detection

(“PK Det”= peak detect) on or off. This function is

available only with deflection coefficients from 100s/div

to 5µs/div in combination with REFRESH, ENVELOPE,

ROLL or SINGLE modes. “PK Det”will be disabled

automatically if AVERAGE mode is active or a time

coefficient from 2µs/div to 100ns/div is chosen.

The “PK Det”function is indicated by the time coefficient

display in the readout. Switching “PK Det”on, changes

from e.g. “A:20ms”to “P:20ms”and consequently in

B time base mode from “B:100µs”to “P:100µs”.In

alternate (A and B) time base mode, the “PK Det”

function only affects the A time base and the readout

displays e.g. “P:20ms”and “B:100µs”.

In “PK Det”operation the sampling rate is always 40MS/

s and the signal will be sampled every 25ns. The advan-

tage of this sampling method is as follows:

Without “PK Det”and a time coefficient of 100s/div,

the signal is sampled every 0.5 seconds (2 Samples/

second) and stored at a new address. A signal amplitude

change with a duration of e.g. 30ns appearing 0.2 se-

conds after the last sampling procedure will not be cap-

tured. In combination with “PK Det”the sampling

interval is reduced to 25ns and then the samples will be

evaluated and the most deviating value captured within

0.5s after the last storage procedure, will be stored at

the next address.

(9) STOR. MODE - Pushbuttons with associated LEDs.

These functions are not available in analog mode.

If digital SINGLE (SGL) mode has not been chosen,

one of the associated LEDs is lit. The signal capture and

display mode can be selected by pressing one of the

pushbuttons. The mode setting is indicated by one of

the LEDs (RFR, ENV, AVM and ROL) and also displayed

by the readout. The only exception is in XY storage

mode. Then the RFR-LED is lit and the readout displays

XY. No other signal capture and display mode can be

chosen in XY mode.

The desired Yt signal capture mode can be selected by

pressing the upper or lower STOR. MODE pushbutton.

The following description presumes that HOLD (HLD)

is not activated and the trigger conditions are met.

(9) RFR - stands for refresh operation. In this mode, as in

analog mode, periodically repeating signals can be

captured and displayed.

The signal acquisition is started by triggering the digital

time base. Then the previously captured and displayed

signal will be overwritten with the current signal. This

will be displayed until the digital time base is triggered

again. This is in contrast to analog operation where the

screen remains blank when the time base is not

triggered.

In refresh mode, the signal acquisition can be effected

with pre- or post triggering when a time base between

20ms/div and 100ns/div is selected. The pre triggering

or post triggering will be automatically switched off

(PT0%), with larger time coefficients (100s/div to 50ms/

div) in order to avoid excessive waiting times. If it is

required to measure with pre- or post trigger in this time

base range, one should select single shot (SINGLE =

SGL).

In XY digital mode the RFR-LED lights. It indicates a

continuous, trigger independent signal acquisition. The

trigger circuit is switched off.

(9) ENV - is the abbreviation for ENVELOPE operation.

In this mode the minimum and maximum values of the

signal during several signal acquisitions will be deter-

mined and displayed. Except for this display, the ENVE-

LOPE operation is identical to the refresh operation.

Changes in the signal are easier to measure and are

more visible in ENVELOPE operation. This is valid not

only for amplitude changes but also for frequency

variations (Jitter).

The ENVELOPE evaluation begins anew when the

SINGLE (10) pushbutton is pressed briefly, to actuate

the RESET (RES) function.

Attention!

The pre- or post trigger will be automatically switched

off (PT0%) in the time base range from 100s/div to

50ms/div.

(9) AVM - indicates AVERAGE (mean value) mode.

This operation is effective when the AVM-LED lights up

and the readout displays AV... .

In this case also several signal acquisition scans are

required; hence, it is similar to Refresh operation. The

signal is averaged over the several acquisitions so that

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

amplitude variations ( e.g. noise) and frequency variations

(Jitter) are minimized or eliminated in the display.

The accuracy of the mean value evaluation increases as

the number of signal acquisition scans used for

evaluation is increased. One can select the number

between 2 and 512. The selected setting is displayed in

the readout. Of course, with increasing accuracy the

time required for this also increases.

To select a different value briefly press both STOR.

MODE pushbuttons simultaneously. The AV... display

in the readout flashes indicating the setting mode. Now,

the value can be changed by briefly pressing the upper

or lower STOR. MODE pushbutton. The setting mode

can be exited by again briefly pressing the two

pushbuttons simultaneously. The setting mode will also

be switched off automatically if none of the two

pushbuttons is actuated during about 10 seconds.

The averaging begins anew after briefly pressing the

SINGLE (10) pushbutton (RESET function).

Attention!

The pre- or post trigger will be automatically switched

off (PT0%) in the time base range from 100s/div to

50ms/div.

(9) ROL - indicates ROLL mode.

In ROLL mode the ROL-LED is lit and the readout

displays ”ROL”.

In this mode, the memory contents and thus also the

signal display, are continuously updated. Because signal

capture is untriggered, no idle states arise while waiting

for a new trigger event to start signal capture. With each

signal sampling the new value is shown on the right-

hand edge of the screen, while the previously captured

data are shifted to the left. The leftmost value is shifted

out of the memory and lost.

The recording can be stopped at any time by selecting

the HOLD (7) function.

ROLL mode can only be used with time coefficients

from 100s/div to 50ms/div, as lower time coefficients

(faster time base speeds) are impractical.

If the time base is set to values between 20ms/div and

100ns/div and ROLL mode is selected, the time base

will be automatically set to 50ms/div. The time deflection

coefficient set previously before switching to ROLL

mode will be internally stored (e.g. 20ms/div). If ROLL

mode has been selected inadvertently and the TIME/

DIV. knob has not been changed, the time base will be

automatically set to the internally stored coefficient when

switching from ROLL to AVERAGE mode.

(10) SINGLE - Pushbutton with two functions and associated

LEDs.

SINGLE

Pressing and holding this pushbutton switches the

SINGLE event capturing mode on or off. SINGLE mode

is indicated by the associated SGL-LED.

SINGLE mode is available in digital as well as in analog

mode and remains unchanged when switching over from

analog to digital mode or vice versa. The main purpose

of SINGLE is the capture of one time events, but it can

also be used in combination with repetitive signals.

SINGLE mode automatically selects A time base mode

and normal triggering (NM-LED lit). Otherwise the

automatic trigger (AT) would occur without an input

(trigger) signal.

If the trigger circuit is activated by RESET, one time

base sweep (analog mode) or one complete data

acquisition (digital mode) is performed after a suited

signal caused triggering. Switching over to SINGLE in

analog mode interrupts the time base sweep and blanks

the beam.

Storage mode only

Selecting SINGLE stops the current data acquisition. Until

a new data acquisition is started, the memory content

is displayed continuously.

In combination with Yt (time base) mode, SINGLE is

indicated by the readout. It displays the actual pre- or

post trigger value and ”SGL”instead of ”RFR”, ”ENV”,

”AV...”or ”ROL”. If XY mode is active the A time

deflection coefficient is replaced by the sampling rate

(e.g. 100MS/s) display in the readout and additionally

the trigger regarding information is switched off.

Attention!

If SINGLE mode is present in combination with

DUAL mode, the minimum time coefficient is 2µs/

div instead of 100ns/div. Similarly if X-MAG. x10 is

operative, then 200ns/div replaces 10ns/div.

ANALOG MODE ONLY

Selecting SINGLE mode switches the current sweep

off and blanks the screen.

SINGLE mode is indicated by the lit SGL-LED and the

readout displaying SGL next to the / (SLOPE) symbol.

RESET (RES)

Briefly pressing the SINGLE pushbutton causes a RESET

activating the trigger circuit if Yt mode is active. The

result depends on the current signal capture mode.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

In combination with SINGLE, briefly pressing the

SINGLE pushbutton activates the RESET function. Then

both LEDs (SGL and RES) are lit. Whether the RES-

LED flashes once or is lit constantly, depends on:

1. the presence or absence of a trigger signal,

2. the selected time coefficient (time base) and

3. the pre- or post trigger setting.

After the RESET function is switched on, the signal

acquisition will be effective at once if the HOLD function

is not active. If the pre trigger function is active, the

prehistory must elapse before the trigger event becomes

effective. The signal capture terminates with the trigger

event only with 100% pre trigger setting.

With all other pre trigger and post trigger settings, the

signal acquisition is not complete when the trigger occurs

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

and will only be terminated later. After termination the

RES-LED extinguishes but the signal display remains.

Briefly pressing the SINGLE pushbutton (RESET

function) again restarts a new single event capture which

then overwrites the previously recorded display.

Single events recorded in DUAL mode can also be

displayed in the XY mode when switched over to XY

operation.

XY mode

Briefly pressing the SINGLE pushbutton (RESET function)

causes one complete trigger independent signal

recording. The RES-LED extinguishes after completion.

Thereafter it is possible to switch over to DUAL mode

to display the signals in Yt (time base) mode.

Attention!

If time coefficients between 100s/div and 50ms/

div are present the signal acquisition becomes

visible at once as a ROLL display, but the signal

acquisition has nothing to do with ROLL mode.

Briefly pressing the SINGLE pushbutton (RESET

function) is also effective if (instead of SINGLE)

ENVELOPE or AVERAGE mode is selected.

In both modes the evaluation / averaging begins anew.

ANALOG MODE ONLY

Capturing single events can also be carried out in analog

Yt (time base) mode (e.g. photographing).

Briefly pressing the SINGLE pushbutton activates the

RES-LED in SINGLE mode. The next trigger event then

unblanks the beam and causes one time base sweep.

Only in chopped DUAL mode can both channels be

displayed during one time base sweep.

XY mode is not available in combination with SINGLE

operation.

(11) REFERENCE - Reference memory pushbutton with two

associated LEDs.

The instrument contains two non volatile signal data

memories. Signal(s) stored in these memories can be

displayed separately or together in addition to the current

signal(s). The REFERENCE memory content will not be

erased by switching the instrument off.

Display

If neither the associated “I”nor the “II”LED is lit, no

reference signal is displayed. Briefly pressing the

REFERENCE pushbutton switches LED “I”on. Then in

addition to the current signal the reference Imemory

content is displayed. The switching sequence is:

dark –I–II - Iand II - dark.

The LED(s) indicate the memory content(s) which are

displayed. The display of the current signal(s) is not

affected by the reference display.

In XY mode the switching sequence is:

dark –Iand II –dark.

Overwrite

To overwrite the reference memory content with current

signal(s) the following procedure is required:

Determine the reference memory(ies) by briefly pressing

the REFERENCE pushbutton. Then press and hold the

pushbutton until a beep confirms reference memory

acquisition. Before starting the procedure, the current

signal can, but must not be protected by the HOLD

function.

As the reference signal is then equal to the current signal,

it is usually not visible at once. If neither HOLD nor

SINGLE is active, the current signal can be shifted by

the Y-POS. control(s) to make the reference signal visible.

If both REFERENCE Iand II LEDs lit and DUAL or XY

mode is active, both reference memories can be

overwritten at the same time. The signal from channel

I is stored in reference memory I and consequently

channel II in reference memory II. The relation between

channel and reference memory is present only during

DUAL or XY operation. If only REFERENCE I is active

and consequently displayed, only the current signal of

channel I can overwrite it.

In single channel mode (CHI or CHII) the current signal

can be stored in each of both reference memories. This

enables to create two reference curves with different Y

positions and to display them in condition REFERENCE

Iand II LEDs lit. The current signal then may not exceed

these limits. To avoid overwriting both reference

memories with the same signal, pressing and holding

the REFERENCE pushbutton only causes a warning beep

if single channel mode is present.

(12)SAVE / RECALL –Pushbuttons.

The instrument contains 9 non volatile memories. These

can be used by the operator to save instrument settings

and to recall them. This relates to all controls which are

electronically selected.

SAVE

Press the SAVE pushbutton briefly to start the save

procedure. The readout then indicates the letter “S”

followed by a cipher between 1 and 9, indicating the

memory location. If the instrument settings stored in

this memory location shall not be overwritten, briefly

press the SAVE or the RECALL pushbutton to select

another memory location. Each time the SAVE

pushbutton is briefly pressed the memory location cipher

increases until the location number 9 is reached. The

RECALL pushbutton function is similar but decreases

the memory location cipher until 1 is reached. Press and

hold SAVE for approx. 3 seconds to write the

instruments settings in the memory and additionally

switch the readout information (i.e. “S8”) off.

RECALL

To recall a front panel setup, start that procedure by

briefly pressing the RECALL pushbutton. The readout

then indicates the letter “R”and the memory location

number. If required, select a different memory location

as described above. Recall the settings by pressing and

holding the RECALL pushbutton for approx. 3 seconds.

If the SAVE or the RECALL pushbutton was depressed

inadvertently, briefly press both pushbuttons at the same

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

time or wait approx. 10 seconds without pressing either

pushbutton to leave that function.

Attention:

Make sure that the signal to be displayed is similar

to the one that was present when the settings were

stored. If the signal is different (frequency,

amplitude) to the one during storage then a

distorted display may result.

If the SAVE or the RECALL pushbutton was depressed

inadvertently, briefly press both pushbuttons at the same

time or wait approx. 10 seconds without pressing either

pushbutton to exit that function.

Switching the instrument off results in an automatic SAVE

procedure of the present settings in memory location 9

and overwrites the data in that location. If the instrument

settings in memory location 9 are of importance, RECALL

9 before switching the instrument off.

The setting controls and LED’s for the Y amplifiers,

modes, triggering and time base are located

underneath the sector of the front panel described

before.

(13) TRS –Pushbutton and associated LED.

The instrument contains a trace separation function

which is required in the alternate time base mode to

separate the Btime base trace from the Atime base in

Y direction. Subsequently this function is only available

in alternate time base mode.

After the TRS pushbutton was pressed once the LED

related to that pushbutton is lit. Then the Y-POS. I control

knob is operative as vertical position control for the trace

of the Btime base. The maximum position shift is approx.

+/- 4 div. Without a change of the Y-POS. I control the

trace separation function is switched off automatically

after approx. 10 seconds. The trace separation function

can also be left by pressing the TRS pushbutton.

(14) Y-POS. I –Control knob with two functions.

The vertical trace position of channel I can be set with

this control knob. In ADD (addition) mode both (Y-POS.

I and Y-POS. II) control knobs are active. In alternate

time base mode, this control knob can be used to

separate the Btime base trace from the Atime base

trace. Please note TRS (13).

If automatic triggering (AT) is present and the input is

set to GD (34), the vertical trace position corresponds

with 0 Volt (reference) at the input and can be set to any

suitable position. In ADD mode these conditions apply

to both channels. After switching GD off and selecting

DC input coupling it is possible to determine the DC

content of a signal by comparing the actual Y position

with the previously determined 0 Volt Y position.

Y-POS. I Symbol

Provided that the readout is displayed and ”DC REFE-

RENCE = ON”is selected in the ”SETUP”submenu

”MISCELLANEOUS”the 0 Volt reference position is

indicated by a ground (⊥⊥

⊥⊥

⊥) symbol. For channel I this

symbol is displayed on the left of the vertical (graticule)

center line, if the Y-POS. I trace position is set within

the screen. This allows you to determine the 0 Volt

reference position at any time.

Attention!

In XY mode the 0 Volt reference symbol is automati-

cally switched off.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

The Y-POS. I control knob can also be used for shifting

the position of a signal stored with HOLD in vertical

direction. Additional information relating to this operation

is described under HOLD (7).

(15) Y-POS. II –Control knob with two functions.

The vertical trace position of channel II can be set with

this control knob. In ADD (addition) mode both (Y-POS.

I and Y-POS. II) control knobs are active. If the instrument

is set to analog XY mode this control knob is inactive

and the X-POS. knob must be used for a horizontal

position shift.

If automatic triggering (AT) is present and the input is

set to GD (38), the vertical trace position corresponds

with 0 Volt (reference) at the input and can be set to any

suitable position. In ADD mode these conditions apply

to both channels. After switching GD off and selecting

DC input coupling it is possible to determine the DC

content of a signal by comparing the actual Y position

with the previously determined 0 Volt Y position.

Y-POS. II Symbol

Provided that the readout is displayed and ”DC REFE-

RENCE = ON”is selected in the ”SETUP”submenu

”MISCELLANEOUS”the 0 Volt reference position is

indicated by a ground (⊥⊥

⊥⊥

⊥) symbol. For channel II this

symbol is displayed on the right of the vertical (graticule)

center line, if the Y-POS. II trace position is set within

the screen. This allows you to determine the 0 Volt

reference position at any time.

Attention!

In XY mode the 0 Volt reference symbol is automa-

tically switched off.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

In contrast to analog mode the Y-POS. II knob must be

used for X position shift in storage XY mode and the

X-POS. knob is disabled. The Y-POS. II control knob

can also be used for shifting the position of a signal

stored with HOLD. Additional information relating to this

operation is described under HOLD (7).

(16) NM - AT - (SLOPE)- Pushbutton with a double

function and associated NM-LED.

The following description assumes that Yt (time base)

mode has been chosen.

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

NM - AT selection

Press and hold the pushbutton to switch over from auto-

matic to normal triggering (NM-LED above the push-

button lit) and vice versa. If the LED is dark, automatic

triggering is selected.

Whether the peak value detection in automatic trigger

mode is automatically activated or not, depends on the

trigger coupling setting (TRIG.MODE (27)). The way the

trigger point symbol in the readout responds on different

LEVEL control knob settings indicates the situation:

1.If the trigger symbol can not be shifted in the vertical

direction when no signal is applied or the signal height

is not sufficient, the peak value detection is active.

2.Under the condition that the trigger point symbol

cannot be shifted in such a way that it leaves the signal

display on the screen, the peak value detection is

active.

3.The peak value detection is switched off if the trigger

point can be set outside the maximum peak values of

the signal, thus causing an untriggered signal display.

Slope selection

Briefly pressing this pushbutton selects which slope of

the signal is used for triggering the time base generator.

Each time this pushbutton is briefly pressed, the slope

direction switches from falling edge to rising edge and

vice versa. The current setting is displayed in the readout

by a slope symbol.

AT/NM and (SLOPE)

The current time base mode determines the pushbutton

function:

a) A time base mode: Both functions affect the A time

base only.

b)alternate time base mode, with Bin free run condition:

Both functions affect the Atime base only.

c) alternate time base mode, with Bin triggered (DEL.-

TRIG.) condition: Btime base SLOPE selection only.

d)Btime base in free run condition: Both functions affect

the - not displayed - A time base.

e)Btime base in triggered (DEL.TRIG.) condition: Btime

base SLOPE selection only.

Function settings which are not accessible in the current

operating conditions remain unchanged.

Attention!

In digital mode, the operating conditions described

under item c) are not available.

(17) TR - Trigger indicator LED

The TR LED is lit in Yt (time base) mode if the triggering

conditions are met. Whether the LED flashes or is lit

constantly depends on the frequency of the trigger

signal.

(18) LEVEL –Control knob

Turning the control knob causes a different trigger point

setting (voltage). The trigger unit starts the time base

when the edge of a trigger signal (voltage) crosses the

trigger point. In most Yt modes the trigger point is

displayed in the readout by the symbol on the left vertical

graticule line. If the trigger point symbol would overwrite

other readout information or would be invisible when

being set above or below the screen, the symbol

changes and an arrow indicates in which vertical direction

the trigger point has left the screen.

The trigger point symbol is automatically switched off

in those modes where there is no direct relation between

the trigger signal and the displayed signal. The last set-

ting in Atime base mode is stored and still active if the

alternate (A and B) or Btime base are selected.

This allows for a different level setting for the B time

base if the DEL. TRIG. function is active. Under this

condition the letter “B”is added to the trigger point

symbol.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

In storage mode the trigger point symbol also indicates

the post or pre trigger condition by a horizontal position

shift. Please note “PTR”(8).

(19) X-POS. –Control knob

This control knob enables an X position shift of the

signal(s) in Yt and analog XY mode. In combination with

X magnification x10 this function makes it possible to

shift any part of the (Yt) signal on the screen.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

In XY mode the X-POS. knob is inoperative. The Y-POS.

II (15) knob must be used for X position shift.

(20) X-MAG. x10 –Pushbutton and LED

Each time this pushbutton is pressed the x10 LED

located above is switched on or off. If the x10 LED is lit,

the signal display in all Yt and time base modes is

expanded 10 fold and consequently only a tenth part of

the signal curve is visible. The interesting part of the

signal can be made visible with aid of the X-POS. control.

As the X expansion results in a higher time base speed

(lower time deflection coefficient), all time and frequency

relevant information in the readout is switched over.

Please note that in alternate time base mode the

intensified sector may become invisible due to the X

position setting.

This pushbutton is not operative in XY mode.

(21) VOLTS/DIV. –Control knob.

This control knob for channel I has a double function.

The following description relates to the input attenuator

function (VAR LED dark).

Turning the control knob clockwise increases the

sensitivity in a 1-2-5 sequence and decreases it if turned

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

in the opposite direction (ccw.). The available range is

from 1mV/div up to 20V/div. The knob is automatically

switched inactive if the channel related to it is switched

off, or if the input coupling is set to GD (ground).

The deflection coefficients and additional information

regarding the active channels are displayed in the read-

out, i.e. “Y1: deflection coefficient, input coupling”.

The “: “symbolizes calibrated measuring conditions

and is replaced by the “> “symbol in uncalibrated

conditions.

In DUAL, ADD (addition) and XY mode both deflection

coefficients etc. are displayed. Instead of “Y1:...”and

“Y2:...”the readout displays “Y:...”and “X:...”in XY mode.

(22) CH I

VAR. - Pushbutton with several functions

CHI

Briefly pressing the pushbutton sets the instrument to

channel I (Mono CH I) mode. The deflection coefficient

displayed in the readout indicates the current conditions

(“Y1...”). If neither external nor line (mains) triggering

was active, the internal trigger source automatically

switches over to channel I (“TR:Y1...”). The last function

setting of the VOLTS/DIV (21) knob remains unchanged.

All channel related controls are active if INPUT CHI (32)

is not set to GD (34).

VAR.

Pressing and holding this pushbutton selects the VOLTS/

DIV. (21) control knob function between attenuator and

vernier (variable). The current setting is displayed by the

VAR-LED located above the knob.

After switching the VAR-LED (21) on, the deflection

coefficient is still calibrated. Turning the VOLTS/DIV. (21)

control knob counter clockwise reduces the signal height

and the deflection coefficient becomes uncalibrated. The

readout then displays i.e. “Y1>...”indicating the uncali-

brated condition instead of “Y1:...”. Pressing and holding

the CHI pushbutton again switches the LED off, sets

the deflection coefficient into calibrated condition and

activates the attenuator function. The previous vernier

setting will not be stored.

The CHI pushbutton can also be pressed simultaneously

with the DUAL(23) pushbutton.Please note item (23).

(23) DUAL - Pushbutton with multiple functions

DUAL

Briefly pressing this pushbutton switches over to DUAL

mode. Then both deflection coefficients are displayed.

The previous trigger setting stays as it was, but can be

changed.

All controls related to both channels are active, if the

inputs (32) and (36) are not set to GD (34) (38).

Whether alternated or chopped channel switching is

present in analog mode depends on the actual time base

setting, and is displayed in the readout.

ALT (analog mode only)

displayed in the readout, indicates alternate channel

switching. After each time base sweep the instrument

internally switches over from channel I to channel II and

vice versa. This channel switching mode is automatically

selected if any time coefficient from 200µs/div to 50ns/

div is active.

CHP (analog mode only)

indicates chopper mode, whereby the channel switching

occurs constantly between channel I and II during each

sweep. This channel switching mode occurs when any

time base setting between 500ms/div to 500µs/div has

been chosen.

The actual channel switching can be changed to the

opposite mode by briefly pressing both CHI (22) and

DUAL (23) simultaneously. If afterwards the time coef-

ficient is changed, the channel switching is automatically

set to the time coefficient related mode.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

In DUAL storage mode the signal capture is performed

by both A/D converters. As there is no requirement to

select between ALT and CHP, the selection is switched

off. The readout then displays the current signal capture

and display mode.

ADD

(addition) mode can be selected by briefly pressing the

DUAL (23) and CHII (26) pushbuttons simultaneously.

Whether the algebraic sum (addition) or the difference

(subtraction) of both input signals is displayed, depends

on the phase relationship and the INV (34) (38) setting(s).

As a result both signals are displayed as one signal. For

correct measurements the deflection coefficients for

both channels must be equal.

Please note “Operating modes of the vertical ampli-

fiers in Yt mode”.

In ADD mode the readout indicates a “+”sign located

between both channel deflection coefficients. The trigger

point symbol is switched off.

The Y -position of the signal can be influenced by both

Y-POS controls (14) and (15).

XY (analog mode)

mode can be switched on or off by pressing and holding

the DUAL pushbutton (23).

In XY mode the deflection coefficients are displayed as

“Y...”for channel I and “X...”) for channel II, followed

by “XY”. Except the cursor lines which may be active

and cause the display of the voltage measurement, all

other readout information including the trigger point

symbol are switched off. In addition to all trigger and

time base related controls, the Y-POS. II (15) knob and

INV (38) pushbutton are deactivated. For X position

alteration, the X-POS. (19) knob can be used.

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

STORAGE MODE ONLY

In XY storage mode the readout indicates “XY”and

the RFR LED (9) is lit. No other STOR. MODE can be

chosen. Instead of the time deflection coefficient, the

readout displays the sampling rate (e.g. “100MS/s”)

which can be selected by the TIME/DIV. knob (29).

In contrast to analog mode, the INV. (38) pushbutton is

active and the X signal can be inverted. Also the Y-POS.

II (15) knob must be used for X position shift instead of

the X-POS. (19) control. If HOLD is active, the current

XY signal can be moved in X (Y-POS. II) and Y (Y-POS.

I) direction.

(24) TRIG.

ALT- Pushbutton with double function and associated

LEDs.

The pushbutton and the LEDs are deactivated in XY

mode and if line (mains) triggering is selected.

TRIG.

With the aid of this pushbutton, the trigger source can

be chosen. There are three trigger sources available:

channel I, channel II (both designated as internal trigger

sources) and the TRIG. EXT. (39) input for external

triggering. The availability of the internal sources depends

on the actual channel mode. The actual setting is

indicated by the associated LED(s) and the readout.

Briefly pressing the pushbutton switches over in the

following sequence:

I - II - EXT - I in DUAL mode,

I - EXT - I if mono channel I is present,

II - EXT - II under mono channel II conditions.

Each condition is indicated by the associated LED and

displayed by the readout (“TR:Y1...”, “TR:Y2...”and

“TR:EXT...”). The trigger point symbol is switched off

in external trigger condition.

ALT

Pressing and holding the pushbutton selects alternate

triggering in DUAL mode. Under these conditions both I

and II LEDs lit and the readout displays “TR:ALT...”. As

alternate triggering requires alternate channel operation

in analog mode, alternate channel switching is set

automatically. A change of the time base then has no

affect regarding the channel switching mode. In addition

to the deflection coefficients display, “ALT”is displayed

by the readout instead of “CHP”if analog mode is present.

In alternate trigger mode the trigger point symbol is

switched off. TVL,TVF trigger coupling and line (~)

triggering can not be selected.

Alternate triggering is not available or automatically

switched off under the following conditions:

SINGLE (SGL) mode

ADD (addition) mode,

alternate (A & B) time base mode,

B time base mode and

line (mains) trigger coupling.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

In ROLL mode the signal capture is untriggered. Con-

sequently alternate triggering is not available.

(25) VOLTS/DIV. –Control knob

This control knob for channel II has a double function.

The following description relates to the input attenuator

function (VAR LED dark).

Turning the control knob clockwise increases the

sensitivity in a 1-2-5 sequence and decreases it if turned

in the opposite direction (ccw.). The available range is

from 1mV/div up to 20V/div. The knob is automatically

switched inactive if the channel related to it is switched

off, or if the input coupling is set to GD (ground).

The deflection coefficients and additional information

regarding the active channels are displayed in the

readout, i.e. “Y2: deflection coefficient, input coup-

ling”. The “: “symbolizes calibrated measuring condi-

tions and is replaced by the “> “symbol in uncalibrated

conditions.

In DUAL,ADD (addition) and XY mode both deflection

coefficients etc. are displayed. Instead of “Y1:...”and

“Y2:...”the readout displays “Y:...”and “X:...”in XY

mode.

(26) CH II

VAR. - Pushbutton with several functions.

Channel mode

Briefly pressing the pushbutton sets the instrument to

channel II (Mono CH II) mode. The deflection coefficient

displayed in the readout indicates the current conditions

(“Y2...“). If neither external nor line (mains) triggering

was active, the internal trigger source automatically

switches over to channel II (“TR:Y2...“). The last function

setting of the VOLTS/DIV (25) knob remains unchanged.

All channel related controls are active if INPUT CHII (36)

is not set to GD (38).

VAR.

Pressing and holding this pushbutton selects the VOLTS/

DIV. (25) control knob function between attenuator and

vernier (variable). The current setting is displayed by the

VAR-LED located above the knob.

After switching the VAR-LED (25) on, the deflection

coefficient is still calibrated. Turning the VOLTS/DIV. (25)

control knob counter clockwise reduces the signal height

and the deflection coefficient becomes uncalibrated. The

readout then displays i.e. “Y2>...”indicating the

uncalibrated condition instead of “Y2:...”. Pressing and

holding the CHII pushbutton again switches the LED

off, sets the deflection coefficient into calibrated

condition and activates the attenuator function. The

previous vernier setting will not be stored.

The CHII pushbutton can also be pressed simultaneously

with the DUAL (23) pushbutton. Please note item (23).

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

(27) TRIG. MODE - Pushbutton with double function and

indicator LEDs.

Pressing the upper or lower pushbutton selects the

trigger coupling. The actual setting is indicated by a

LED and by the readout (“TR: source, slope, AC”).

Each time the lower TRIG. MODE pushbutton is pressed

the trigger coupling changes in the sequence:

AC (DC content suppressed),

DC (peak value detection inactive),

HF (high-pass filter cuts off frequencies below

approx. 50kHz)

trigger point symbol switched off,

NR (high frequency noise rejected),

LF (low-pass filter cuts off frequencies above

approx. 1.5kHz),

TVL (TV signal, line pulse triggering)

trigger point symbol switched off,

TVF (TV signal, frame pulse triggering)

trigger point symbol switched off.

~(line/mains triggering) trigger point symbol and

TRIG. LEDs (24) switched off.

The readout displays “TR:~”. The ~symbol can

be changed by 180°by using the trigger slope

function (NM/AT - (16)).

Please note:

In delay trigger mode (B time base) the instrument

is automatically set to DC trigger coupling. This set-

ting can not be changed with the TRIG. MODE push-

buttons.

In some trigger modes such as alternate triggering, some

trigger coupling modes are automatically disabled and

can not be selected.

This trigger mode is present if the trigger coupling information

in The trigger point symbol is inactive in line/mains trigger

mode as there is no direct amplitude relationship between

the trigger voltage and the signal voltage.

(28) DEL.POS.

HO –LED - Control knob with two functions and

associated LED.

The function of this control knob depends on the time

base mode.

HO (hold off)

In A time base mode, the control knob applies to the

hold off time setting. If the HO-LED associated with the

knob is dark, the hold off time is set to minimum.

Turning the control knob clockwise switches the LED

on and extends the hold off time until the maximum is

reached (please note “Hold Off-time adjustment”). The

hold off time is automatically set to minimum (LED dark),

if the A time base setting is changed. The last hold off

time setting is stored if alternate (A and B) or B time

base mode is selected.

DEL.POS.

In alternate (A and B) and B time base modes, the knob

controls the delay time setting. Under alternate time

base mode conditions, the delay time is visible on the A

trace, beginning at the trace start and ending at the start

of the intensified sector. In the free run condition (delay

trigger not active) of the Btime base, an approximate

value is displayed in the readout (“Dt:...”). This is an aid

to find the position of the intensified sector which may

be very small.

If only the B time base is being operated, the delay time

can be varied, but there is no intensified sector as the A

trace is not visible.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

The HOLD OFF function is not available in storage mode.

(29) TIME/DIV. - Control knob with two functions.

The following description applies to the time base switch

function (VAR LED dark).

ANALOG MODE

Turning the control knob clockwise reduces the deflec-

tion coefficient in a 1-2-5 sequence and increases it if

turned in the opposite direction (ccw.). The time coef-

ficient(s) is (are) displayed in the readout.

In A time base mode, time deflection coefficients

between 500ms/div and 50ns/div can be chosen in 1-2-

5 sequence, if the X-MAG. x10 function is not activated.

During alternate (A and B) and Btime base operation,

the control knob changes the B time base setting in 1-2-

5 sequence. The available deflection coefficient range

is from 20ms/div up to 50ns/div (without X-MAG. x10)

but the availability depends on the Atime base setting.

The internal control of the oscilloscope prevents the B

time deflection coefficient from becoming higher than

the Adeflection coefficient, as such an operation

condition would make no sense. If the Atime base

setting is 200µs/div the Btime base range from 20ms/

div up to 500µs/div is not available and the maximum

time deflection coefficient for Bwould be 200µs/div. In

the last named condition the change of the Atime base

from 200µs/div to 100µs/div switches the Btime base

also to 100µs/div. However the Btime base setting

remains unchanged if the Atime base is set to 500µs/

div.

As already mentioned under DUAL (23) the channel

switching depends on the time deflection coefficient

setting. In the time base ranges from 500ms/div to

500µs/div chopped (CHP) channel switching is auto-

matically selected, through which the switching occurs

constantly during the time base sweeps. Alternate (ALT)

channel switching is automatically used in all other time

deflection coefficient settings (200µs/div - 50ns/div). In

the latter case the active channel is switched off and

the previously inactive channel is switched on after the

completion of each time base sweep. To avoid inter-

ference in chopped mode, or to make both channels

appear simultaneously visible, the actual setting (ALT

Controls and Readout

Subject to change without notice

or CHP) displayed in the readout can be overwritten

and changed to the opposite mode. This is carried out

by simultaneously pressing and holding the CHI (22) and

the DUAL (23) pushbutton.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

The time deflection ranges are different in storage mode

and therefore must be considered (please note item

(7)). In DUAL mode a selection between alternate or

chopped signal capture is neither required nor

possible. Consequently the readout does not display

such information (ALT, CHP).

In XY storage mode the TIME/DIV. knob is still active.

It is used to determine the sampling rate, which is then

displayed by the readout.

(30) A/ALT-

B - Pushbutton with multiple function.

The instrument contains two time bases designated A

and B. With the aid of the Btime base, signal parts

displayed by the Atime base can be expanded in X

direction. The expansion ratio depends on the time

deflection coefficient ratio of both time bases (i.e. “A:

100µs”,“B:1µs”= 100). With higher expansion ratios

the Btime base trace intensity reduces if analog mode

is active.

SINGLE (SGL) event signal capture mode is enabled in

Atime base mode only.

A/ALT function:

Each time the A/ALT- B pushbutton is briefly pressed,

the time base mode changes in the sequence A–

alternate - A.

In Atime base mode the TIME/DIV. (29) control knob

is operative only for this time base. The readout then

only displays the Atime coefficient. The time base

settings for this condition are stored if the time base

mode is changed.

ALT

If alternate (ALT) time base mode is selected, the

TIME/DIV (29) knob only controls the Btime base.

The alternate time base mode is a sub function of the B

time base mode where both time base traces are

displayed. Consequently the readout displays both time

deflection coefficients (e.g. “A:100µs B:1µs”). Unlike

the former Atime base mode, an intensified sector is

also visible on the Atrace. This sector indicates the signal

part which is displayed by the Btime base. The

intensified segment can be shifted horizontally by the

DEL. POS. (28) control knob continuously (if the B time

base is operated in free run conditions). The difference

between the start of the Atime base trace and the

beginning of the intensified sector shows the delay time.

This information is also displayed in the readout as an

approximate value (e.g. “Dt:2.5ms”) related to the

calibrated Atime coefficient (uncalibrated i.e. “Dt>

2.5ms”). The width of the segment decreases when

the B time coefficient is set to a lower value (higher

time deflection speed).

Alternate time base mode causes the display to alter

between Aand Btime base after each sweep (analog

mode). In alternate DUAL mode the sequence is channel

I with A time base, channel I with B time base, channel

II with A time base and channel II with B time base.

For better reading, the vertical position of the Btrace

position can be shifted (please note “TRS”(13)).

B function:

Pressing and holding the pushbutton switches over from

Aor alternate time base mode to Btime base mode

and vice versa.

In Btime base mode the display of the Atrace(s), the

intensified sector(s) and the Atime coefficient display

in the readout are disabled. As the trace separation (TRS)

is no longer required under these circumstances, this

function is switched off too. Consequently only the B

time coefficient is displayed by the readout.

Briefly pressing the pushbutton switches Btime base

mode off and Atime base mode on. Pressing and holding

the pushbutton switches over from Bto alternate time

base mode.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

In the combination of storage mode and alternate or B

time base operation, the pre- and post trigger are

automatically switched off. The PTR (8) pushbutton is

deactivated and instead of a pre- or post trigger value

the readout displays the delay time.

ROLL mode is not available in alternate or Btime base

mode.

(31) DEL. TRIG.

VAR. - Pushbutton with double function.

DEL. TRIG. function:

ANALOG MODE ONLY

Each time the pushbutton is briefly pressed, the instrument

switches between free run (untriggered) and triggered B

time base, if alternate or Btime base mode is present.

DIGITAL MODE ONLY

In contrast to analog operation the Btime base can not

be triggered in alternate time base mode.

ANALOG and DIGITAL MODE

The actual setting is displayed in the readout. Instead of

the approximate delay time (“Dt:...”) in free run mode,

the readout displays “DTr: slope, DC (trigger coup-

ling)”in triggered delay mode. In this mode, the former

Atime base trigger settings regarding the trigger mode

(automatic or normal), -coupling, -slope and -level

settings are stored but still active.

With the activated delay trigger the instrument is

automatically set to normal (NM) trigger mode and DC

Controls and Readout

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