Hioki 3197 User manual

3197
POWER QUALITY
ANALYZER
May 2012 Revised edition 7 3197A981-07 12-05H
Instruction Manual

Contents
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
Index
Contents
Introduction.................................................................................1
Confirming Package Contents....................................................2
Safety Information......................................................................4
Operating Precautions................................................................7
Operating Procedure Descriptions in this Manual....................12
Chapter 1
Overview ____________________________________13
1.1 Product Overview .......................................................13
1.2 Features .....................................................................14
1.3 Measurement Flowchart .............................................17
Initial instrument preparations ...................................................19
Install and connect the instrument, and turn the power on .......19
Other preparations ....................................................................19
Confirming Instrument Settings and Connecting to the Lines to
be Measured .............................................................................20
Start recording and analyze recorded measurement data. .......21
Chapter 2
Names and Functions of Parts and Basic
Setup ________________________________________23
2.1 Panel and Operating Keys .........................................23
2.2 Basic Operations ........................................................27
2.3 Screen Configurations ................................................28
2.4 Common Screen Elements ........................................32
2.5 Internal Operating Status and Memory Usage ...........34
When Memory Partitioning is Disabled (Partition: [OFF]) .........34
Using Memory Partitioning (Partition: [ON]) ..............................35
Chapter 3
Measurement Preparations _________________37
3.1 Initial Instrument Preparations ...................................37
Apply the appropriate label to the input terminals .....................37
Apply the appropriate labels to the voltage measurement and
clamp sensor leads ...................................................................38
Attach the strap .........................................................................38

Contents
ii
Install the 9459 Battery Pack ....................................................39
Charge the 9459 Battery Pack ..................................................40
3.2 Connecting the AC Adapter ....................................... 41
3.3 Connecting the Voltage Cords .................................. 42
3.4 Connecting Clamp Sensors ....................................... 44
3.5 Turning the Power On and Off ................................... 46
3.6 Other Preparations .................................................... 48
Select the screen color scheme to match the input terminal
labels ........................................................................................48
Select the naming convention to be applied to each phase
line measurement on the display ..............................................49
3.7 Auxiliary Function (KEY LOCK) ................................. 51
3.8 Auxiliary Function (Save screen image) ................... 52
Chapter 4
Pre-Measurement and System Settings ___ 53
4.1 Basic Setup (Typical Settings) ................................... 54
4.2 Selecting the Measurement Method
(SYSTEM Screen)[MEASURE] ................................. 57
Selecting the Line Frequency (Frequency) ...............................58
Setting the Wiring Method (Wiring) ...........................................58
Setting the Line Voltage (Nominal Line Voltage) of the Lines to
be Measured .............................................................................59
Selecting the Clamp Sensor Model and Current Range ...........60
Setting the PT Ratio (when measuring using a transformer) ....61
Setting the CT Ratio (when measuring using a transformer) ....61
Selecting the Voltage Harmonic Calculation Method ................62
Selecting the Power Factor Calculation Method (PF Type) ......62
4.3 Setting the Recording Method [REC&EVENT] .......... 63
Setting the Method for Recording to Internal Memory (Partition) 63
Setting the Recording Interval (Interval) ...................................64
Setting Demand Period .............................................................65
Setting Recording Start and Stop Times ..................................66
4.4 Setting Event Detection [REC&EVENT] .................... 67
Start Event/ Stop Event ...........................................................68
Manual Events ..........................................................................68
Setting Timed Events ................................................................69
Setting Inrush Events ................................................................69
Setting Transient Events ...........................................................70
Setting Voltage Swell, Dip and Interruption Events ..................71

Contents
iii
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
Index
4.5 Changing Instrument System Settings
[SYSTEM] ..................................................................72
Displaying the Instrument's Version Number (Version) .............72
Changing the Display Language (Language) ............................73
Changing Screen Colors (Color) ...............................................73
Enable or Disable Beep Sounds (Beep) ...................................74
Setting the LCD Backlight Timeout (Backlight) .........................74
Adjusting Screen Contrast (Contrast) .......................................75
Setting the Clock (Clock) ...........................................................76
Viewing the Serial No. ...............................................................76
4.6 Initializing the Instrument (System Reset) ..................77
Chapter 5
Making Connections and Starting &
Stopping Measurement _____________________79
5.1 Pre-Operation Inspection ...........................................79
5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured ...................81
5.3 Verifying Correct Wiring (Connection Check) ............86
5.4 Starting and Stopping Recording ...............................88
Starting and Stopping Recording Without Memory Partitioning
(Partition: OFF) .........................................................................89
Starting and Stopping Recording with Partitioned Memory
(Partition: ON) ...........................................................................92
5.5 Erasing Data ..............................................................93
5.6 Recovering From a Long-Term Power Outage ..........94
Chapter 6
Viewing Data ________________________________95
6.1 Viewing Instantaneous Data (VIEW Screen) .............96
Holding the Screen Display.....(Common to all VIEW screens) 96
Viewing Waveforms [WAVEFORM] ..........................................97
Vector Display [VECTOR] .........................................................98
Displaying Harmonics [HARMONICS] ......................................99
Displaying the DMM Screen (voltage, current and instantaeous
power values)[DMM] ...............................................................101
6.2 Displaying a Time Series Plot (TIME PLOT screen) 102
Common Operations and Screen Items
(Common to TIME PLOT screens) ..........................................102
Displaying the Rms Fluctuation Graph [RMS] .........................103
Displaying a Voltage Fluctuation Graph [DIP/SWELL] ............105
Displaying a Demand Graph [DEMAND] ................................106

Contents
iv
Displaying an Energy Consumption Graph [ENERGY] ..........107
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen) . 108
Viewing the [RMS WAVE] Screen ..........................................108
Viewing the [INRUSH] Screen ................................................109
Detection Methods and Recording Contents of Events ..........110
Operations Common to the EVENT Screens .........................114
Viewing Event Detection Details [DETAILS] ...........................117
Displaying Detected Event Waveforms [WAVEFORM] ..........120
Displaying Detected Voltage Fluctuation Events [RMS WAVE] 121
Displaying Detected Inrush Current Events [INRUSH] ...........122
6.4 Viewing Recorded Data ([REVIEW] State) .............. 123
Viewing Only Data Recorded in Memory Partition No. 1 ........123
Viewing Data Recorded in Multiple Memory Partitions ...........124
Analyzing TIME PLOT data ....................................................125
Analyzing EVENT data ...........................................................125
Chapter 7
Viewing Data on a Computer______________ 127
7.1 Overview .................................................................. 127
PC System Requirements ......................................................128
Files on the CD .......................................................................128
Preparing to Run the Application Programs ...........................129
Running the Application Programs .........................................129
7.2 Installing JRE ........................................................... 130
7.3 Installing the Application Programs ......................... 132
7.4 Connecting the Instrument and Computer with the
Supplied USB Cable ................................................ 134
7.5 Starting the Instrument Application Programs ......... 138
Chapter 8
Specifications _____________________________ 139
8.1 General Specifications ............................................. 139
8.2 Detailed Specifications of Measurement Parameters ..144
8.3 Event Specifications ................................................ 150
8.4 Function Specifications ............................................ 152
8.5 Calculation Formulas ............................................... 156
Chapter 9
Maintenace and Service___________________ 163

Contents
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
Index
9.1 Troubleshooting .......................................................163
9.2 Cleaning ...................................................................165
9.3 Battery Pack Replacement and Disposal .................166
9.4 Disposing of the Instrument .....................................167
Appendix ___________________________________ A1
Appendix 1 Interval and Recording Time Settings ........................ A1
Appendix 2 Relation Between Graph Divisions and Time............. A5
Appendix 3 3197 Data-header Composition.................................. A7
Appendix 4 Displayed and Measurement Ranges ........................ A8
Appendix 5 Power Range Structure .............................................. A9
Appendix 6 Clamp Sensor Combined Accuracy.......................... A10
Appendix 7 How to Resolve USB Data Transfer Problems......... A11
Appendix 8 List of Settings (Default Settings) ............................. A13
Appendix 9 Definitions................................................................. A14
Detecting Anomalies and Phenomena Due to Drops in
Power Quality ..................................................................A14
Power Measurement by the Two-Meter Method, and U3,
I3 Measurement Theory ..................................................A16
Terminology .....................................................................A18
Index __________________________________ Index 1

Contents
vi

Introduction
1
Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI Model 3197 Power Quality Ana-
lyzer. To obtain maximum performance from the instrument, please read
this manual carefully, and keep it handy for future reference.
In this document, the “instrument” means the Model 3197 Power Quality
Analyzer.
Optional clamp-on sensors (or clamp-on leakage sensors (p. 3)) are
required to measure current with this instrument. These are called clamp
sensors in the rest of this manual.
Refer to the manual provided with the clamp sensors for details.
Registered trademarks
• Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the
United States and/or other countries.
• Sun, Sun Microsystems and Java are trademarks or registered trade-
marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the USA and other countries.
• Adobe and Reader are either registered trademarks or trademarks of
Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other coun-
tries.
Introduction

Confirming Package Contents
2
Confirming Package Contents
Instruction Manual.............................1
Measurement Guide .........................1
PC application program for Model 3197
(CD) ..................................................1
Model 3197 Power Quality Analyzer
Confirm that these contents are provided.
Accessories
When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage
occurred during shipping. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches,
and connectors. If damage is evident, or if it fails to operate according to the
specifications, contact your dealer or Hioki representative.
9418-15 AC Adapter
(AC power cord included).................. 1
9459 Battery Pack............................ 1
L9438-55 Voltage Cord
(Four black voltage cords)..........1 set
USB Cable........................................ 1
Carrying Case................................... 1
Install these on the instrument before oper-
ating (p. 37)
Measurement lead labels..........1 sheet
(For channel identification of the voltage measure-
ment and clamp sensor leads)
Input terminal labels .................1 sheet
(Apply the appropriate labels around the input termi-
nals according to usage)
Strap ....................................................
(p. 38)
(p. 37)
(p. 38)

Confirming Package Contents
3
Options
For the details, contact your supplier or Hioki representative for details.
Clamp-On Sensor Products (voltage-output type)
Accessory: Model 9219 Connection Cable (for Models 9695-02 and -03)
Software (PC application programs)
For computer analysis of measurement data
9624-50 PQA-HiVIEW PRO
Power Sources
9418-15 AC Adapter (includes power cord)
9459 Battery Pack
9660 9661 9669 9694 9695-02 9695-03
100 500 1000 5 50 100
9667 9657-10 9675
500, 5000 10 10
Clamp-On
Sensors
(Arms current
rating)
Flexible
Clamp-On
Sensors
(Arms current
rating)
Clamp-On
Leakage
Sensors
(for measur-
ing leakage
current)
(Arms current
rating)

Safety Information
4
This manual contains information and warnings essential for safe opera-
tion of the instrument and for maintaining it in safe operating condition.
Before using it, be sure to carefully read the following safety precautions.
The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative importance of
cautions and warnings.
Safety Information
This instrument is designed to comply with IEC 61010 Safety Stan-
dards, and has been thoroughly tested for safety prior to ship-
ment. However, mishandling during use could result in injury or
death, as well as damage to the instrument. However, using the
instrument in a way not described in this manual may negate the
provided safety features.
Be certain that you understand the instructions and precautions in
the manual before use. We disclaim any responsibility for acci-
dents or injuries not resulting directly from instrument defects.
Safety Symbols
In the manual, the symbol indicates particularly important infor-
mation that the user should read before using the instrument.
The symbol printed on the instrument indicates that the user
should refer to a corresponding topic in the manual (marked with the
symbol) before using the relevant function.
Indicates DC (Direct Current).
Indicates AC (Alternating Current).
Indicates a grounding terminal.
Indicates the ON side of the power switch.
Indicates the OFF side of the power switch.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents an extreme hazard
that could result in serious injury or death to the user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a significant hazard
that could result in serious injury or death to the user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility ofinjury
to the user or damage to the instrument.
Indicates advisory items related to performance or correct
operation of the instrument.

Safety Information
5
Accuracy We define measurement tolerances in terms of f.s. (full scale), rdg. (reading)
and dgt. (digit) values, with the following meanings:
• f.s. (maximum display value or scale length)
The maximum displayable value or scale length. This is usually the name of
the currently selected range.
• rdg. (reading or displayed value)
The value currently being measured and indicated on the measuring instru-
ment.
Other Symbols
Indicates the prohibited action.
(p. ) Indicates the location of reference information.
Indicates quick references for operation and remedies for trouble-
shooting.
*Indicates that descriptive information is provided below.
[ ] Screen labels such as menu items, setting items, dialog titles and
buttons are indicated by square brackets [ ].
SET
(Bold) Bold characters within the text indicate operating key labels.
Unless otherwise specified, “Windows” represents Windows 95, 98, Me, Wid-
ows NT4.0, Windows 2000, or Windows XP.

Safety Information
6
Measurement categories
This instrument complies withCAT III (600V) and CAT IV (300 V) safety require-
ments.
To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments, IEC 61010 establishes
safety standards for various electrical environments, categorized as CAT II to
CAT IV, and called measurement categories. These are defined as follows.
CAT II: Primary electrical circuits in equipment connected to an AC electrical
outlet by a power cord (portable tools, household appliances, etc.)
CAT II covers directly measuring electrical outlet receptacles.
CAT III: Primary electrical circuits of heavy equipment (fixed installations) con-
nected directly to the distribution panel, and feeders from the distribu-
tion panel to outlets.
CAT IV: The circuit from the service drop to the service entrance, and to the
power meter and primary overcurrent protection device (distribution
panel).
Using a measurement i n s t r u m e n t in an environment designated with a
higher-numbered category than that for which the instrument is rated could re-
sult in a severe accident, and must be carefully avoided.
Use of a measurement instrument that is not CAT-rated in CAT II to CAT IV
measurement applications could result in a severe accident, and must be care-
fully avoided.

Operating Precautions
7
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full
benefits of the various functions.
• Before using the instrument the first time, verify that it operates nor-
mally to ensure that the no damage occurred during storage or ship-
ping. If you find any damage, contact your dealer or Hioki
representative.
• Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the
L9438-55 Voltage Cord and clamp sensor leads is undamaged, and
that no bare conductors are improperly exposed. Using the instrument
in such conditions could cause an electric shock, so contact your
dealer or Hioki representative for replacements.
• Operating temperature and humidity:
0 to 40°C at 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
• Temperature and humidity range for guaranteed accuracy:
23±5°C, 80%RH or less
Placement
Do not place the instrument on an unstable or slanted surface.
Operating Precautions
Before Use
Instrument Installation
Avoid the following locations that could cause an accident or damage
to the instrument.
Exposed to direct sun-
light
Exposed to high tem-
perature
In the presence of cor-
rosive or explosive
gases
Exposed to liquids
Exposed to high hu-
midity or condensation
Exposed to strong
electromagnetic fields
Near electromagnetic
radiators
Exposed to high levels
of particulate dust Subject to vibration
Using without the stand Using with the stand
See: "Opening and closing
the stand"(p. 26)

Operating Precautions
8
Handling the Instrument
• Do not allow the instrument to get wet, and do not take measure-
ments with wet hands. This may cause an electric shock.
• Never modify the instrument. Only Hioki service engineers
should disassemble or repair the instrument. Failure to observe
these precautions may result in fire, electric shock, or injury.
• To avoid electric shock when measuring live lines, wear appro-
priate protective gear, such as insulated rubber gloves, boots
and a safety helmet.
To avoid damage to the instrument, protect it from physical shock when
transporting and handling. Be especially careful to avoid physical shock
from dropping.
This instrument may cause interference if used in residential areas. Such use must be
avoided unless the user takes special measures to reduce electromagnetic emissions
to prevent interference to the reception of radio and television broadcasts.
Handling the cords and clamps
Connect the clamp-on sensors or voltage cords to the instrument
first, and then to the active lines to be measured.
Observe the following to avoid electric shock and short circuits.
• To avoid short circuits and potentially life-threatening hazards,
never attach the clamp to a circuit that operates at more than the
maximum rated voltage to earth (9660: 300 VAC, 9661: 600 VAC,
9667: 1000 VAC, 9669: 600 VAC, 9694:300 VAC), or over bare con-
ductors.
• Clamp sensor and voltage cords should only be connected to the
secondary side of a breaker, so the breaker can prevent an acci-
dent if a short circuit occurs. Connections should never be made
to the primary side of a breaker, because unrestricted current
flow could cause a serious accident if a short circuit occurs.
• Do not allow the voltage cord clips to touch two wires at the
same time. Never touch the edge of the metal clips.
• Use only the supplied L9438-55 Voltage Cord to connect the
product input terminals to the circuit to be tested.
• When the clamp sensor is opened, do not allow the metal part of
the clamp to touch any exposed metal, or to short between two
lines, and do not use over bare conductors.
Maximum rated voltage to earth Clamp sensors
AC1000 V 9667
AC600 V 9661, 9669
AC300 V 9660, 9694, 9695-02, 9695-03,
9657-10, 9675

Operating Precautions
9
• Avoid stepping on or pinching cables, which could damage the cable
insulation.
• To avoid breaking the cables, do not bend or pull them.
• To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when
unplugging it from the power outlet.
• Keep the cables well away from heat sources, as bare conductors
could be exposed if the insulation melts.
• Be careful to avoid dropping the clamps or otherwise subjecting them
to mechanical shock, which could damage the mating surfaces of the
core and adversely affect measurement.
• Be careful when handling the cords, since the conductor being mea-
sured may become very hot.
• When disconnecting the BNC connector, be sure to release the lock
before pulling off the connector. Forcibly pulling the connector without
releasing the lock, or pulling on the cable, can damage the connector.
Before Turning Power On
Battery Pack Operation
• For battery operation, use only the HIOKI Model 9459 Battery
Pack. We cannot accept responsibility for accidents or damage
related to the use of any other batteries.
See: "Charge the 9459 Battery Pack"(p. 40)
"9.3 Battery Pack Replacement and Disposal" (p. 166)
AC Adapter Operation
• Use only the supplied Model 9418-15 AC Adapter. AC adapter
input voltage range is 100 to 240 VAC (with ±10% stability) at 50/60
Hz. To avoid electrical hazards and damage to the instrument, do
not apply voltage outside of this range.
• Turn the instrument off before connecting the AC adapter to the
instrument and to AC power.
• To avoid electrical accidents and to maintain the safety specifica-
tions of this instrument, connect the power cord only to a 3-con-
tact (two-conductor + ground) outlet.
• Before turning the instrument on, make sure the supply voltage
matches that indicated on the its power connector. Connection to
an improper supply voltage may damage the instrument and
present an electrical hazard.
See: "3.2 Connecting the AC Adapter" (p. 41)

Operating Precautions
10
Input and Measurement Precautions
• The maximum input voltage is as follows:
Voltage input section: 780 Vrms, 1103 V peak.Current input sec-
tion: 1.7 Vrms, 2.4 V peak
Attempting to measure voltage in excess of the maximum input
could destroy the instrument and result in personal injury or
death.
• The maximum rated voltage between the inputs and ground is
600 Vrms AC.To avoid damage to the instrument and personal
injury, never attempt to measure voltage that exceeds this rated
voltage above ground.
• The voltage input terminals U1, U2, and U3 are not isolated from one
another.
To avoid electric shock accidents, use care to prevent wires from inad-
vertently touching the wrong input terminals whenever voltage is
present.
• Note that the instrument may be damaged if current or voltage
exceeding the selected measurement range is applied for a long time
• When the power is turned off, do not apply voltage or current to the
voltage input terminals or clamp sensor. Doing so may damage the
product.
• To prevent damage to the instrument and sensor, never connect or
disconnect a sensor while the power is on, or while the sensor is
clamped around a conductor.
Correct measurement may be impossible in the presence of strong
magnetic fields, such as near transformers and high-current conduc-
tors, or in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields such as near
radio transmitters.
Measurement values
• To ensure measurements are precise, warm up the instrument for at
least 30 minutes after plugging it in.
• This instrument is designed to measure commercial power lines with a
frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. It cannot measure power lines of other fre-
quencies or power lines where the waveforms are controlled using an
inverter.
• This instrument cannot measure power lines with superposed direct
current.
• This instrument uses algorithms to measure values for input voltage
and current waveforms using (see the specifications). On device using
different operation principles or algorithms differ, differences in mea-
surement values may result.
• When the display value for voltage or current is less than 1% of the
range, zero is displayed.

Operating Precautions
11
• The storage temperature range is -10 to 50°C at relative humidity not
exceeding 80%.
• The battery pack should be removed when the instrument is stored.
Store the battery pack in a cool place.
• The instrument should be recalibrated before use after long-term stor-
age.
Using VT and CT
• When the voltage or current for the power line being measured
exceeds the maximum rated input for this device, use an external PT
or CT.
• When using an external PT or CT, make sure you use a device with a
minimal phase difference. By setting the PT or CT ratio, you can read
measurement values directly.
Instrument Storage
CD Handling
• Always hold the disc by the edges, so as not to make fingerprints on
the disc or scratch the printing.
• Never touch the recorded side of the disc. Do not place the disc
directly on anything hard.
• Do not wet the disc with volatile alcohol or water, as there is a possibil-
ity of the label printing disappearing.
• To write on the disc label surface, use a spirit-based felt pen. Do not
use a ball-point pen or hard-tipped pen, because there is a danger of
scratching the surface and corrupting the data. Do not use adhesive
labels.
• Do not expose the disc directly to the sun's rays, or keep it in condi-
tions of high temperature or humidity, as there is a danger of warping,
with consequent loss of data.
• To remove dirt, dust, or fingerprints from the disc, wipe with a dry
cloth, or use a CD cleaner. Always wipe radially from the inside to the
outside, and do no wipe with circular movements. Never use abra-
sives or solvent cleaners.
• Hioki shall not be held liable for any problems with a computer system
that arises from the use of this CD, or for any problem related to the
purchase of a Hioki product.

Operating Procedure Descriptions in this Manual
12
Operating Procedure Descriptions in this Manual
Operating keys Indicates the screens you can
select by pressing the key.
Indicates items you can
select by the cursor keys,
and the current selection.
Indicates items you can select from the pull-down menus, and their descriptions.