Hioki SM-8213 User manual

Instruction Manual
SM-8213
March 2013 Revised edition 5 SM8213A981-05 13-03H
SM-8215
SUPER MEGOHMMETER
SM-8220
99 Washington Street
Melrose, MA 02176
Phone [phone]
Toll Free 1-800-517-8431
Visit us at www.TestEquipmentDepot.com

i
The super megohmmeter is a unique resistance meter designed to measure highresistance in a wide range.
The meter outputs a high test voltage – 1000 V maximum for the SM-8220/8215, and 100 V
maximum for the SM-8213 – to apply across the sample circuit.
Operators are requested to read this operation manual thoroughly before trying to operate the
instrument for safety and to prevent electrical shock and damage to the measured circuit.
Keep this manual where all staff can access it any time.

ii
DANGER
A “DANGER” CALLS ATTENTION TO A CONDITION OR POSSIBLE
SITUATION THAT CAN CAUSE DEATH OR INJURY TO THE
OPERATOR OR NEAR PESONS.
1. Safety Precautions
Operators of the SM-8200 Series super megohmmeter are requested to read this operation
manual thoroughly before operation for safety and to obtain best performance.
Operators are also requested to strictly observe all the DANGER, WARNING, and CAUTION
notices in this manual and on the instrument to prevent injury and damage.
1-1 Safety Warnings
This operation manual includes some DANGER!, WARNING!, and CAUTION! notice with a
symbol. These must be observed for safety of the operator and other persons, as well as for
protection of your super megohmmeter and samples from possible damage and destruction.
WARNING
A “WARNING” CALLS ATTENTION TO A CONDITION OR POSSIBLE
SITUATION THAT COULD CAUSE DEATH OR INJURY TO THE
OPERATOR OR NEAR PESONS.
CAUTION
A “CAUTION” calls attention to a condition or possible situation that
could cause injury to the operator or persons nearby and damage and
destroy the super megohmmeter and samples.

iii
背面パネル
警告、危険シール
DANGER
端子より高電圧発生の為、
感電の恐れあり。
HIGHVOLTAGE
危険
高電圧危険
Elec tric shock hazard!
Terminals carry high voltage.
正面パネル
1.2 Symbols on the Super Megohmmeter
Safety Warning Labels on the Super Megohmmeter
Symbol Meaning Description
WARNING
This symbol is shown at pats whose usage needs
reference to the operation manual.
DANGER –
HIGH VOLTAGE
HAZARD
This symbol is shown at the Rx
““/”+”
Measuring terminals which carry a high voltage
to be applied across the circuit to be measured.
This symbol is shown at the GND
terminal on the rear of the unit. If the
ground prong of the power cord plug
cannot be grounded, this terminal must be
connected to the ground.
1) DANGER and WARNING Labels on the Housing and Front Panel
2) DANGER and WARNING Labels on the Rear Panel

iv
2. Operating Environmental Precautions
D DANGER
■Do not operate the super megohmmeters in the presence of flammable gas. There is
s
possibility of an explosion and/or fire.
■Do not touch the Rx “–”/“+” measuring terminals on the front panel of the instrumen
t
during measurement. They output a maximum of 1000 V (SM-
8220/8215) or 100 V
(SM
-
8213) for measurement.
WARNING
■ Ground the ground prong of the power cord plug to avoid electrical shock. If the groun
d
prong cannot be grounded, connect the GND terminal
on the rear of the instrument to a
ground. When the power cord plug is connected to the AC line socket via an
accessory 3-prong to 2-
prong adapter, the green ground tab of the adapter to the
ground.
■ Do not remove the housing cover of the instrument. Even after turning off the instrumen
t
power switch, a dangerous residual voltage
may be present for several minutes after the
power is turned off. If repair or internal readjustment is needed, contact your
contact
your dealer or Hioki representative.
CAUTION
■Before turning on the power switch for the instrument, check that the VOLTAGE
SELECTOR switches are set for your local AC line voltage. If the wrong AC line voltage i
s
applied to the unit, it will be damaged (higher voltage supply) or will not functio
n
properly (lower voltage supply).
See 1.3 Setting VOLTAGE SELECTOR Switches for setting.
Use the right size and amperage power fuse. If a fuse of incorrect amperage is inserted
into the fuse holder, the unit will be damaged.
See 1.4 Checking the Fuse Amperage for a correct fuse amperage.
■Do not install or operate the super meghommeter on a surface which
is not level or
not stable.

v
3. Installation Precaution
4. Instrument Handling Precautions
CAUTION
Do not install or place the super megohmmeter in a location which is not level, not
stable or not sturdy enough to hold the instrument and other related items.
WARNING
■ If the instrument generates smoke or smell, unplug the power cord.
If such an instrument is kept powered on, it may cause a fire.
contact your dealer or Hioki representative for repair.
■Do not operate the instrument with a wet hand. This may cause electrical shock.
CAUTION
■When moving or transporting the super megohmmeter, avoid shock and vibration as muc
h
as possible. For long-distance transportation, put the instrument in a shock-
absorbing
carton or use the original shipping carton.
■When not using the super megohmmeter for an extended period of time, unplug the powe
r
cord from the AC line socket. Put a dust cover on the instrument. Store it in a place free o
f
corrosive gas and vibration, with a surrounding temperature within the range from –
5 to
45℃, and humidity 80% RH or less(non-condensating).
■Do not place anything on the instrument.

vi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
About the SM-8200 Series Super Megohmmeters
The SM-8200 Series super megohmmeters are insulation resistance meters consisting of a constant voltage
power supply and a high sensitive current measuring section. The super megohmmeters are designed to
measure the electrical resistance of insulating materials with high insulation properties.
The resistance measuring ranges of the SM-8200 Series are as follows:
SM-8213: 2.5×104to 2×1012Ω
SM-8215: 2.5×105to 2×1013Ω
SM-8220: 5.0×104to 2×1016Ω
Each model of the super megohmmeters is provided with an LCD 320×240 dot display for easy
observation of necessary information, including measuring voltage, measured resistance in both
digital and analog, timer, and resultant GO/NO judgment.
The following shows the main specifications for the super megohmmeters.
For detailed specifications, see 2. SPECIFICATIONS.
For optional accessories, see 9. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES.
Main Specifications – For detailed specifications, see 2. SPECIFICATIONS.
For optional accessories, see 9. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES.
Measuring Voltage Ranges:
SM-8213 – 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 100 V
SM-8215 – 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 V
SM-8220 – 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 V
Measuring Resistance Range:
SM-8213: 2.5×104to 2×1012Ω
SM-8215: 2.5×105to 2×1013Ω
SM-8220: 5.0×104to 2×1016Ω
Timer Function: Provided
Comparison and Judgment Function: Provided
HV-EN (High Voltage Enable) Interlocking Function: Provided
Voltage Charging Function: Provided
Voltage Discharging Function: Provided
RS-232C Interface Connector: Provided
Remote Measurement Function: Provided

vii
Organization of This Operation Manual
This operation manual contains the following 10 sections.
1. PREPARATION BEFORE
OPERATION
This section describes precautions for unpacking and AC line voltage setting.
2. SPECIFICATIONS
This section describes the specifications for the SM-8200 Series super megohmmeters and
optional accessories.
3. OPERATING PRINCIPLE
This section describes the operating principle with a block diagram of the SM-8200 Series.
4. FAMILIARIZATION WITH CONTROLS AND PARTS
This section describes the functions of the controls and parts on the front and rear panels.
5. PREPARATION FOR MEASUREMENT
This section describes the LCD display in detail for the measuring mode, setting mode and
operations. A variety of measured value display methods are also given.
6. MEASUREMENT
This section provides details for function setting, connection to the work to be measured, and
usage of a variety of optional measuring jigs and electrodes.
7. RS-232C INTERFACE
This section describes the application of the serial port interface.
8. REMOTELY CONTROLLED MEASUREMENT
This section describes the remote measuring function.
9. INTRODUCTION OF OPTIONALS
This section describes the optional accessories, including guard chips, DC signal outputs, and
others.
10. MAINTENANCE AND MISCELANEOUS
This section describes maintenance and calibration.
11. EXTERNAL APPEARANCE
This section includes front, rear and side view illustrations of the instrument with dimensions.

a
ＣＯＮＴＥＮＴＳ
1. PREPARATION BEFORE OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . １
1.1 Unpacking and Checking of the Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . １
1.2 Operating AC Line Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２
1.3 Setting the VOLTAGE SELECTOR Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２
1.4 Checking the Fuse Amperage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ３
1.5 Grounding the Chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ４
1.6 Warm-up Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ５
2. SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ６
2.1 Measuring Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ６
2.2 Function Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ７
2.3 Other Electrical and Physical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ８
2.4 Optional Functions and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ８
2.5 List of Measurement Ranges and Guaranteed Accuracy
Ranges by Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ９
3. OPERATING PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . １２
4. FAMILIARIZATION WITH CONTROLS AND PARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . １３
4.1 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . １３
4.2 Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . １５
4.3 Measuring Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . １７
4.4 Measuring Condition Setting Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . １８
4.5 Meanings of the Status and Mode Notices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . １９
5. PREPARATION FOR A MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２０
5.1 Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２０
5.2 Self-calibration 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２１
5.3 Self-calibration 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２１
5.4 Check the Measuring Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２２
5.5 Basic Procedures for a Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２３
6. MEASUREMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２４
6.1 Measuring Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２４
6.2 Discharging Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２５
6.3 Charging Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２５
6.4 Interlocking Function – Using the HV-EN Connector . . . . . . . . ２６
6.5 Comparison and Judgment Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２７

b
6.6 Setting a Variety of Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２８
6.6.1 Setting the Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２８
6.6.2 Setting the Comparison GO/NO Judgment Level . . . . . . . . . ２８
6.6.3 Setting Buzzer Sound ON/OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ２９
6.6.4 Setting the Charging Time, Measuring Time, Comparison
GO/NO Judging Level and Buzzer Sound ON/OFF. . . . . . . . . ２９
6.7 Changes in the Current Flowing through Insulators. . . . . . . . . ３１
6.8 Connectivity Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ３２
6.8.1 When the Screen Shows LOCK and Measurement Cannot Be Started . . .３２
6.8.2 When Using an Optional Electrode for Plate Samples or Shield Box . .３３
7. RS-232C INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ３４
7.1 RS-232C Communication Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ３４
7.2 Applications of Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ３５
7.3 Connector Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ３５
7.4 Printer Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ３６
8. REMOTELY CONTROLLED MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ３７
9. INTRODUCTION OF OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ４０
9.1 DC Signal Outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ４０
9.1.1 DC Output, RP-8000
– Directly proportional or linear to resistance . . . . . . . . . . ４０
9.1.2 DC Output, RI-8000
– Inversely proportional or 1/R to resistance . . . . . . . . . . ４２
10. MAINTENANCE AND MISCELANEOUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ４５
10.1 Periodical Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ４５
10.2 Storage, Transportation and Abandon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ４５
11. EXTERNAL APPEARANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ４６

1
1. PREPARATION BEFORE OPERATION
1.1 Unpacking and Checking of the Contents
When you have received the carton of the SM-8200 Series super megohmmeter, carefully unpack
it, and take out every thing from the carton.
Although the instrument and its accessories are severely inspected before shipment from factory,
visually check the items and their quantities.
Keep the shipping carton for reuse at a later stage.
1) Visually check the external view of the instrument and its accessories.
2) Check the quantities of the list in accordance with the following list:
Table 1.1 List of Standard Accessories
Item Model No. Q’ty Remarks
Operation manual －1 This item means this booklet.
Power cord －1 Power cord with 3-prong plug with third
for grounding
Measuring rod
(Red) 0GE00002 1
A measuring rod with a 1-
meter cord to be connected to the Rx ‘’
socket.
Measuring rod
(Black) 0GE00001 1
A measuring rod with a 1-
meter cord to be connected to the Rx ‘+’
socket.
Shorting plug 0GZ00003 1
A plug to be plugged to the
HV-EN socket of the rear of
the instrument. It is plugged
to the HV-EN socket when
shipping from factory.
Important!
When the accessory shorting plug is not plugged to the HV-EN socket on the rear of the
instrument, the measuring high voltage is not output.
Note: The shorting plug is plugged to the HV-EN socket when shipping from factory.
Upon checking the instrument and accessories, if any damage is found, immediately contact
your dealer or Hioki representative.
CAUTION
When plugging the shorting plug, make sure that the power is turned off, otherwise,
there is an electric shock hazard.

2
1.2 Operating AC Line Voltage
The super megohmemeter can be operated from one of the following AC power source when the
VOLTAGE SELECTOR switches are set accordingly.
ACLineVoltage
Frequency
100 V ±10% 50/60 Hz
120 V ±10% 50/60 Hz
220 V ±10% 50/60 Hz
240 V +10V,  10% 50/60 Hz
1.3 Setting VOLTAGE SELECTOR Switches
The super megohmmeter can be operated from one of the AC line voltages of 100 V, 120 V, 220 V
and 240 V by setting the VOLTAGE SELECTOR switches to the specific positions, respectively.
Confirm the switch setting to the specific positions in accordance with Fig. 1.1.
If they are not set properly, correct their positions, accordingly.
To change the position of the switch, insert the tip of a flat blade screwdriver into the slot of the
switch lever, and slide the lever upward or downward.
CAUTION
Before connecting the power cord to the AC outlet socket,
confirm that the VOLTAGE
SELECTOR switches on the rear panel are set to the positions, accordingly (See 1.3
Setting the VOLTAGE SELECTOR Switches.).
If the switches are set to wrong positions, a fire or burn may occur.
CAUTION
To change the VOLTASGE SELECTOR switch positions, be sure to
Unplug the power cord plug from the AC line socket to prevent a
possible damage.
When the switch position is changed while the voltage is on, the
Switch contacts will be damaged.

3
V
O
LTA
G
ESELECTO
R
100V
120V
220V
240V
Fig. 1.1 VOLTAGE SELECTOR Switch Setting
1.4 Checking the Fuse Amperage
The fuse holder of the instrument contains a time lag fuse of the following amperage:
CAUTION
The VOLTAGE SELECTOR switches have two positions –
up and down. Slide the
switch lever to either position until it stops.
Do not leave the lever at a neutral position. If the lever is set at a neutral position, a
normal function cannot be obtained, and it will cause a failure.
CAUTION
When the VOLTAGE SELECTOR switch position is changed, fuse amperage must be
changed to meet the requirements of the new AC line voltage.
Incorrect fuse amperage will cause a failure of the instrument.
Time Lag Fuse
ACLineVoltage FuseAmperage
100 V/120 V 0.4 A
220 V/240 V 0.2 A

4
Fuse Replacement
The fuse is inserted in the FUSE holder (Fig. 1.2) on the rear of the unit.
Remove the cap, and replace the fuse with a new one with a correct amperage.
To remove the cap of the fuse holder, use a 4 mm Phillips screwdriver, and turn the cap
counterclockwise.
To set the cap in position, insert the cap, holding the fuse into the holder, and turn it with the
screwdriver.
Fig. 1.2 Fuse Holder and Fuse Replacement
1.5 Grounding the Chassis
To avoid an electrical shock accident, connect the GND terminal on the rear of the unit to the
ground prong of the power cord to the ground post of the AC line system.
The round prong of the 3-prong plug of the power cord is the ground prong.
It is recommended to use an AC line socket with its third contact grounded for connection of the
accessory 3-prong power cord.
To use the accessory 3-prong to 2-prong adapter to connect the power cord to a 2-contact AC line
socket, make sure to ground the green tab of the adapter.
WARNING
To replace or check the fuse, make sure to disconnect the power cord from the AC line
socket. If not, there is a fear of electrical shock.
WARNING
To prevent an accident, connect the ground prong of the power cord
Plug to the ground post of the AC line system. If it is impossible to
ground the ground prong of the power cord plug, be
sure to connect
the GND terminal on the rear of the unit.
Fuse
Ca
p

5
1.6 Warm-up Period
To obtain the performance of published specifications, allow the SM-8200 Series super
megohmmeter to warm for a minimum of 30 minutes.

6
2. SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 Measuring Performance
1) Electrical Resistance Measurement
SM-8213(RANGE : ×1 , ×10 , ×102, ×103, ×104, or ×105)
Measurement Range (MΩ) [RANGE=×10R]
Target Voltage
0.5 ×10Rto 20 ×10R100 V
0.25 ×10Rto 10 ×10R50V
0.125 ×10Rto 5 ×10R25V
0.075 ×10Rto 3 ×10R15V
0.05 ×10Rto 2 ×10R10V
0.025 ×10Rto 1 ×10R5V
Accuracy of target voltage: ±3% of set value
Measuring output current: 50 mA maximum (Note: 1)
Accuracy of measurement: ±10% (A range of 10 times of the minimum
valueofeachrange)(Note:2)
SM-8215(RANGE : ×1 , ×10 , ×102, ×103, ×104, or ×105)
Measurement Range (MΩ) [RANGE=×10R]
Target Voltage
5 ×10Rto 200 ×10R1000 V
2.5 ×10Rto 100 ×10R500 V
1.25 ×10Rto 50 ×10R250 V
0.5 ×10Rto 20 ×10R100 V
0.25 ×10Rto 10 ×10R50 V
Accuracy of target voltage: ±3% of set value
Measuring output current: 2 mA maximum (Note: 1)
Accuracy of measurement: ±10% (A range of 10 times of the minimum
valueofeachrange)(Note:2)
SM-8220(RANGE : ×1 , ×10 , ×102, ×103, ×104, ×105, ×106, ×107, or ×108)
Measurement Range (MΩ) [RANGE=×10R]
Target Voltage
5 ×10Rto 200 ×10R1000 V
2.5 ×10Rto 100 ×10R500 V
1.25 ×10Rto 50 ×10R250 V
0.5 ×10Rto 20 ×10R100 V
0.25 ×10Rto 10 ×10R50V
0.125 ×10Rto 5 ×10R25V
0.05 ×10Rto 2 ×10R10V
Accuracy of target voltage: ±3% of set value
Measuring output current: 2 mA maximum (Note: 1)
Accuracy of measurement: ±10% (A range of 10 times of the minimum
valueofeachrange)exceptfor×108 range. (Note: 2)
±20% for×108 range

7
Note 1: The measurement output current may reach as high as approximately 1.4 times the
maximum value. When a current in excess of the measurement output current’s
maximum value is output, the set measurement voltage may drop.
Note 2: The measurement accuracy is defined as ±10% of the indicated measured value
displayed on the screen.
2) Measuring Time (Sampling Cycle)
Approx. 200 ms
2.2 Function Specifications
1) CHARGE Function
This function charges the sample to be measured by applying the Selected measuring
voltage when the CHARGE switch is pushed.
InternalResistance
SM-8213: Approx. 0Ω
SM-8215: Approx. 30kΩ
SM-8220: Approx. 30kΩ
2) DISCHARGE Function
This function discharges a residual voltage on the sample after measurement when the
DISCHARGE switch is pushed.
InternalResistance
All models: Approx. 100kΩ
3) HV-EN (High Voltage Enable) – Interlocking Function
This function externally controls to make the output of measuring voltage on or off.
This function is used in combination with an interlock switch on the measuring jig so as to
prevent an electrical shock during measurement.
4) TIMER Function
This function determines the voltage charging time and the measuring time, respectively,
within a range from 1 to 999 seconds. After the set time is up, the measured value is shown
held.
5) COMPARISON and JUDGMENT Function
This function makes a comparison of the measured value with the preset judgment value,
and if the measured value is less than the judgment level, it makes the alert buzzer sound,
closing the incorporated relay contacts.
6) RS-232C Interface Function
This function allows a control of an optional printer via RS-232C interface.
The optional printer prints measured data.
7) REMOTE MEASUREMENT Function
This function allows a remotely controlled measurement by means of a remote switch.

8
2.3 Other Electrical and Physical Data
1) Environmental temperature and Humidity
Operation:0to40℃(SM-8213/8215),80% RH or less (non-condensating)
5 to 35℃(SM-8220),80% RH or less (non-condensating)
Storage: 5 to 45℃,80% RH or less(non-condensating)
2) Power Requirements
AC 100 V, 120 V, 220 V, ±10%, 240 V +10 V,  10% 50/60 Hz
3) Power Consumption
Approx. 25 VA
4) Dimensions
Approx. 284 (W) ×139 (H) × 215 (D) mm
Also, see 11. EXTERNAL VIEW for external appearance.
5)Weight
Approx. 4.3 kg
2.4 Optional Functions and Accessories
In addition to the standard accessories shown in 1.1 Unpacking and Checking of the Contents
and Table 1.1 List of Standard Accessories, the following two groups of optional accessories are
available to expand the applications of the SM-8200 Series super megohmmeters.
1) Options – designed exclusive for the SM-8200 Series
Name Model
Printer 9442
2) Options – designed for common to SM-8200 Series, SM-8216, and
SM-8000 Series super megohmmeters.
Name Model Description
Electrode for plate samples SME-8310
Electrode for plate samples SME-8311 With surface/volumetric
selector, interlock function
Weight electrode SME-8320 With surface/volumetric
Selector. Needs shield box.
Shield box SME-8350 Electromagnetic shielding
Electrode for surface
resistance measurement SME-8301 Simplified electrode for surface resistance measurement
Electrode for surface
resistance measurement SME-8302 Simplified electrode for curved surface resistance measurement
Electrodes for liquid sample
measurement SME-8330 Capacity, approx. 25 mL Electrode constant: Approx. 500 cm
Surface/Volume
Resistance Measurement
Electrode
SM9001 Surface/volume resistance
measurement of antistatic flooring,
etc.
Electrodes for chip
capacitors SME-8360 Chip capacitor measurement