Olympus X-Tr Operating instructions

OLYMPUS TRINOCULAR STEREO MICROSCOPE
~LX-Tr
REPAIR MANUAL
o·LYMPU.S

P R E F A C E
The functions of a microscope can be analyzed into the mechanical and optical
systems. To those who are engaged in line of microscope repair, it is a self-
evident truth that if the optical system is not correctly adjusted, the fundamental
function of the microscope may be lost.
Among the various types of microscopes, the stereo microscopes such as the OLYMPUS
Stereo Microscopes Models X and X-Tr require most difficult and complicated tech-
niques to repair. Prior to repair of them, read this manual and make yourself
familiar with these models so that you can find what parts are defective and
degrees of their damages.
In case of the Models X and X-Tr it is necessary, first of all, to find out what
lens(es) or/and prism(s) is(are) the cause(s) of the microscope mulfunction.
Checks and repairs of these models should be carried out in the following orders:
1. Porro prisms
2, Parfocality of drum lenses
3. Total deviation of drum lenses
4. Optical axes of left and right fields of view
Each of these 4 items can be checked and repaired individually. However, if you
observe a double image through the binocular observation tube, for instance, the
optical axes of the left and right fields of view are not coincided, simultaneous-
ly and totally due to the items 1, 3, and 4 mentioned above, These 3 steps must be
repaired in the order 1-3-4,
You cannot change this order, because if you complete steps 3 and 4 prior to step 1,
you must repeat checks and repairs steps 3 and 4 after completing step 1.
If you get skilled in repair of the Model X and X-Tr, the optical adjustments of
the other OLYMPUS Stereo Microscopes except the Model SZ-III become more easier
because they are of the same optical system.
(Your comments are welcome on this manual for improvements of other manuals.)

C 0 N T E N T S
A. SEQUENTIAL PROCEDURE OF DISASSEMBLY •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2
1. Disassembly of Focusing Mechanism • • • •• •. • • . • • •• • • . •••.•••.•••.••• 2
2. Disassembly of Main Body and Lens Drum ••••••••••• •••••••••••••.•••.•• 2
3. Disassembly of Objective Mount •• •• •• . • . •• • •.••.•.•.•••.•.•••.••••.••••• 4
4. Disassembly of Prism Mount .••..............................•...••...•..... 4
5. Disassembly of Trinocular Tube ••••••••••••••••••·••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6
B. SEQUENTIAL PROCEDURE OF OPTICAL ADJUSTMENTS ..••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•• 8
1. Tools and Test Plate •...•...................•..••..•....•..•••..••..• • • • • • 8
2. Porro-prism Cent ration .•.•••••..............•....•..•..•.•....••.•.•. • • • • • 8
3. Adjustment of Click Spring •••.•.••••••••••.••.••••••••••••••.•••••• • • •• • • •10
4. Focusing of Drum Lenses in the Right Field of View ••••••••·•••••••••••••••11
5. Centration of Drum Lenses in the Right Field of View •••••••••••·•••·••••••12
6. Adjustment of Left" Diopter ••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.•••••••••..•••• • · •• ••15
7. Centration and Focusing of Drum Lenses in the Left Field of View ••••••••••16
8. Attachment of Dust Glass •••••••••••••••••••·•••••••••••••••·••••••••••••••17
9. Coincidence of Right and Left Optical Axes •••···•·················••••·•••17
10. Mounting of PM-6 ••.•••...•.•••...••••..•.•..•.••••••..•••..••.• • • ••• • • • • • •18
11. Focusing of Phototube Objectives ••·········••••••••••••••••••••·••••••••••18
12. Centration of Drum Lenses for Phototube •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••19
13. Coincidence of Optical Axes through Phototube and Binocular Tube •••••·····19
14. Mounting of Dust Glass and Covers ••••••••••··············•••••••••••••••••20
C. PRACTICAL POINTS OF REPAIRS •.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21
1. Sticking on Abrasive Surfaces of Focusing Mechanism ••.•••••••.•••••••••••• 21
2. Chatter on Abrasive Surfaces of Focusing Mechanism ••••••••••••••.••••••••• 22
3. Defective Rack and Pinion of Focusing Mechanism •••••••••••••••••••••••••••23
4. Heavy Rotation of Focusing Knob ...•••.••••••••..•••••••.•••••••••••• 26
5. Heavy Rotation of Helicoid Rings ••• ·•••···········••••••••••••••••••••••26
6. Defective Binocular Vision ••••••••.••••...••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 28
- 1 -

Fig. 1
0 AA 0738 1-.3)
Z-S) AA 6207
z-S) AA 4866

A. SEQUENTIAL PROCEDURE OF DISASSEMBLY (See Fig. 1)
1. Disassembly of Focusing Mechanism
1-1) Rotate focusing knobs until main body goes up as well as possible.
1-2) Unscrew ~038 that can be seen in dovetail block AA4869.
1-3) Disengage metal block AA0738 from dovetail AA4869.
Rotate focusing knobs, and lower main body so that rack and pinion are
disengaged, and pull out metal block.
1-4) Remove focusing knobs AA0005.
Holding both of focusing knobs in both hands, rotate them in the oppo-
site directions simultaneously so that they are loosened. When they are
completely loosened, focusing knob AA0005 and nut AA0008 are disengaged.
1-5) Pull out pinion from bearing.
As you pull out focusing knob AA0006 in the axial direction, pinion can
be pulled out.
1-6) Unscrew two CMK4x20SA and pull out block AA4869 from main body.
2. Disassembly. of Main Body and Lens Drum
2-1) Unscrew four CMK3xl0SA and pull out fixing guide AA4947.
2-2) Unscrew two SK1.4-21, and remove cover plate AA4948.
2-3) Remove three glass discs LP0387.
Prior to removal, immerse three glass discs with a little amount of
alcohol for a few minutes, because these discs were shellaced, then
stick them to Scotch tape to remove with ease.
2-4) Unscrew two HK2x4SA, and remove click-spring AA4858.
2-5) Unscrew left knob AA4861.
After removal of screw AA4866, insert a small screwdriver through empty
hole to loosen setscrew AA6207. Knob can be removed.
- 3 -

2-6) AA 4863
{
HK2X4SA_/
3-1) /
AA 4956
Fig. 2

(See Fig. 2)
2-6) Unscrew four HK2.6x5SA and remove bearing AA4863.
2-7) Disassemble right knob AA4860 from bearing AA4862 in the same manner as
above.
2-8) Pull out lens drum.
3. Disassembly of Objective Mount
3-1) Unscrew four HK2x4SA and remove objective cover AA4956.
3-2) Unscrew four HK2.6xl5SA and remove adjusting washer AA4954.
3-3) Unscrew objectives.
Unscrewing NU2.6x5SA and NU2.6x8SA, remove retaining frame AA4876. When
this frame was shellaced, immerse it with alcohol for a few minutes
prior to removal, then loosen it. Objective frame AA4955 can be removed
'r..-J '"lt:!ruuv'.mg "t:wo screws ""Hl("Lx4BB.
4. Disassembly of Prism Mount
4-1)
Unscrew four
HK2.6xl2SA, and remove prism mount AA4949 and
plate AA4953.
4-2)
Unscrew four
3PUK1. 7x3SA
and remove two
P-holders AA4871.
4-3)
Unscrew two HK1.4x2.5Sli, and remove
P-holder AA4952.
4-4)
Loosen three HU2x4SA, and then remove two prisms LP0386,
prism LP0392
and three side plates
AA3399.
- 5 -

• S-ltJ)
• AA 4968
S-!O)AA 4886
5-9) AA 4962
AA 6203
5-13)
{ 0 AA 0722
5-/) AA 4906
Cli)...
8 AA 4892 5-15)
HK 1.7 X 4Sj
5
_.3)
SK1.7X4SA
AA 12871~
AA 4078 )

(See Fig. 3)
5. Disassembly of Trinocular Tube
5-l) Unscrew left eyepiece tube.
Insert flat-tip divider into eyepiece tube, and rotate nut AA4906
counter-clockwise.
5-2) Unscrew three PQK1.7x3.5SA, and cover-L AA4903.
5-3) Unscrew three SK1.7x4SA, and OC-mount-L AA4901.
5-4) Disassemble porro-prism.
Unscrew three NU2.6x6SA and take out prism mount-L AA4895.
Unscrew four PUK2x4SA, porro-prism, pressing plate AA4077, plate AA1287
and plate AA4078.
5-5) Disassemble right porro-prism in the same manner as above with the
exception that eyepiece tube is unscrewed by rotating it counter-clock-
wise.
5-6) By rotating counter-clockwise, remove upper part of phototube including
inner sleeve AA4964 and above.
5-7)
Unscrew two
PQK1.7x3.5SA, and remove cover AA4963.
5-8)
Unscrew two
HK2-242SA, and remove F-frante AA4966.
5-9)
Unscrew four HK2-242SA and remove dovetail AA4962.
5-10)
Unscrew
four HK2-342SA
and remove washer AA4886.
5-11)
Unscrew four HK3x4. 5 SA and remove holding block AA4960.
5-12) Unscrew nut AA4145 by rotating it counter-clockwise with round-tip
divider.
5-13) Unscrew two HK AA6203 on right and left sides respectively.
5-14) Remove belt AA4896.
5-15) Remove prism housings AA4891 and AA4892, by pulling them from holding
block AA4960.
5-16) Unscrew four HK2x3BB, and remove two prism holders AA4899.
5-17) Unscrew four HU2x3SA, and remove two prisms LP0388 and two side frames
AA0255.
5-18) Disassemble phototube.
a. Rotate cover AA4970.
b. Loosening three NU2.6x3.5SA, remove inner sleeve AA4964.
c. Unscrew 3PUK2x4SA, and remove eyepiece tube AA4968.
- 7 -

B. SEQUENTIAL PROCEDURE OF OPTICAL ADJUSTMENTS
1. Tools and Test Plate
a. Eyepiece with cross hairs GlOX
b. Focusing telescope
c. Screwdrivers
d. Dividers, flat and ball tips
e. Photomicrographic equipment Model PM-6
f. Shellac (adhesive)
g. Test plate with 5/100 concentric circles
2. Porro-Prism Centration
* Porro-prisms should be centered within a range of interpupillary distance.
Working Steps
2-1) Remove right and left eyepiece tubes.
2-2) Remove covers AA4902 and AA4903.
2-3) Mount right and left eyepiece tubes.
2-4) Mount main body on stand and place test
plate (5/100 concentric circles) on
stage. Set test plate in position with
stage clips.
2-5) Insert eyepiece with cross hairs GlOX
into right eyepiece tube.
2-6) Set drum lens 40X into position, and
bring concentric circles into focus.
Coincide cent~rs of concentric circles
and cross hairs of eyepiece.
- 8 -
Remarks
2-4)
I •
Test Plate (5/100 concentric circles)
2-6)
Concentric
circles
Cross
hairs
Centered
• x~5tZ

2-7) Maximize or minimize interpupillary 2-7)
distance, and if these centers are not
concentric, optical axes are eccentric.
2-8) Adjustment of optical axes
Adjust optical axes so that centers of
concentric circles and cross hairs do
not depart from each other even at
maximum or minimum interpupillary
distance.
a. After coinciding centers of cross
hairs and concentric circles, rotate
prism housings.
b. If center of concentric circles
moves, detennine center of the move-
ment from
the locus of its movement
(concentric circles move centering
around this center).
c. Coincide locus center and center of
concentric circles. (Move test plate)
d. After determination of locus center,
rotate three screws NU2.6x6SA to
move prism and prism mount AA4894
together until centers of cross
hairs and concentric circles are
coincided.
e.
Repeat steps
above until cent ration
is complete.
11len clamp screws.
Allowance of centeringdeviation:
0.2 on image plane
f.
Follow steps above with left
porro-prism.
- 9 -
Before
rotation
2-8) b.
2-8) Co
Prior to
centiation
2-8) d.
o.os-j r
ro.2S
Decent ration
after rotation
~f locus
\
After
coincidence
2-8) e
0.2 (on image plane)
= Obj. magnification
(on zoom scale) x
Distance (on specimen
surface)
Ex. Zoom scale • 4
0.2 • 4 X X
0.2
X • 4 = 0.05
The allowance 0.05 at zoom scale 4
equals one graduation of the concentric
circle from the center.

2-9) Remove right and left eyepiece tubes.
2-10) Place right and left covers AA4902 &
AA4903 .•
2-11) Mount right and left eyepiece tubes.
2-12) Again confirm centration of optical
axes.
3. Adjustment of Click Spring
3-1) Set drum lens 16X into position, insert
eyepiece with cross hairs GlOX into
right eyepiece tube, and coincide centers
of concentric circles and cross hairs.
3-2) By changing drum lens magnification to
40X and then to 6.3X, check movement of
image in north-south direction.
a. In case that image moves upward
(north direction) at 40X, and
downward
(south direction) at 6.3X
in conjuction with 16X drum lens,
loosen screw that affixes click
spring, and move click spring
closer to you slightly, until images
at 40X and 6.3X are almost equidis-
tant from center (16X).
b. In case that 40X image is downward,
and 6.3X upward, reverse click
spring until these images are almost
equidistant from center (16X).
-10 -
2-8) e.
Take care that when eyepiece tubes
are mounted, left eyepiece tube is
apt to deviate from center, which
requires re-centration.
2-12)
Even though prism
housing is rotated,
center of cross
hairs should not
depart from center
of concentric
circles.
3-2) a.
X Image
center
(40X)
X (16X)
x (6.3X)
Click
moves
0
·0
closer to you.
Lox
xl6X
x6.3X
t
Image
centers
get
closer
to that
of 16X.

3-3) Ascertain that 25X and lOX images are
coincided to 16X i~ge by steps above.
4. Focusing of Drum Lenses in the Right Field of View
4-1) Rotate drum to position 16X, insert eye- 4-1)
piece GlOX into right eyepiece tube, and Use eyepiece GlOX (f=25~and
focus with focusing telescope.
4-2) Check deviation direction of focus at
40X and 6.3X in comparison with 16X.
a. In case focus is "below" at 6.3X in
comparison with 16X, move prism P2
forward until focuses of 40X and
6.3X
are in the same direction and
equidistant.
b. In case focus is "below'' with drum
lens 6.3X, move prism P2 forward
until focuses of 40X and 6.3X are in
the same direction and equidistant.
4-3) Coincide focus of 40X and 6.3X to that
of 16X.
a. If focus of 6.3X is above that of
focusing telescope should be
matched for focusing with this
eyepiece.
If microscope main body has to be
moved upward with focusing knobs
to obtain correct focus, this
state is called "focus is above":
on the contrary, if main body has
to be lowered, it is called "focus
is below''.
4-2) a.
16X, lift 40X drum lens (LA4174), by 4-2) b.
rotating two setscrews counterclock-
wise equally.
b. If focus of 40X is below that of 16X,
lower 40X drum lens by rotating two
setscrews clockwise equally.
4-4) Coincide focus of 25X and lOX to that
of 16X.
-
ll -
P2 moves
in this
direction.

a. If focus of 25X is above that of
16X, lift 25X drum lens (LA4212)
by
rotating two setscrews counter-
clockwise equally.
b. If focus of 25X is below that of
16X , lower 25X drum lens by rotat-
ing two setscrews clockwise
equally.
4-3)
Drum lens 40X can be moved up and
down by aid of spring located
beneath drum lens, for focus
adjustment.
4-3) a.
0 -.J Focus
~
-~- 40X, 6.3X
Drum lens 40X -- 16X
4-3) b.
G 0
~
Focus
r.:
t
_..:...,__ 40X, 6.3X
4-4)
Drum lens 25X can be moved up and
down by aid of spring beneath drum
lens for focus adjustment.
4-4) a. O
~
Drum lens 25X
4-4) b.
6 0
~
Focus
~
-~-25X,
--16X
lOX
Focus
I 16X
-- 25X, lOX
5. Centration of Drum Lenses in the Right Field of View
5-l) Set drum lens 16X into position, insert
eyepiece with cross hairs GlOX into
right eyepiece tube, and coincide the
-12 -

centers of concentric circles and
cross hairs.
5-2) Coincide image of 40X and 6.3X to that
of 16X.
a. If image moves over a long distance
at different magnifications (dis-
tance more than 0.8mm in image
plane), swing prism P2 to the right
or left, until images of 40X and
6.3X
are coincided on vertical
center line of 16X.
a-1. In case image of 40X moves to the
right, and image of 6.3X to the
left.
a-2. In case image of 40X moves to the
left, and image of 6.3X to the
right.
b. Adjustment of vertical and horizon-
tal image positions at 40X and 6.3X.
Coincide optical axes of 40X and
6.3X
to that of 16X by movement of
40X drum lens and B lens.
* Image movement by adjustment of
drum lens:
b-1. Image movement by adjustment of drum
lens 40X.
Move lens frame of 40X drum lens by
prying it with screwdriver tip in a
range as screw clearance allows.
b-2. North-south movement of optical
axis.
b-3. East-west movement of optical axis.
-13 -
5-2) a.
"
"
'
"
~
P2
(
~
'
'
a-1.
16X
6.3X
X
a-2.
16X
m
!il
40X
X
---
Put tin foils at
the side of prism
P2 and rotate two
screws alternately
to swing prism to
the right or left
as desired.
B-=
Swing
prism P2
in arrows'
directions.
40X 6.3X
Swing
prism P2
in arrows'
directions.
X X
5-2) b.
B lens AA4889 is positioned beneath
inclined prism.
b-1.
--

b-4.
Image movement by adjustment of B
lens AA4889. B lens can be moved
by
rotation of three setscrews.
b-5.
North-south movement
of optical
axis.
b-6.
East-west movement of optical
axis.
-14 -
b-2.
+
X 40~
@
J6x.
>< /..3'1l
)l~.3X (§]
---;/;>( 0
X. 4PX §
b-3.
~.
3
)(
16
!< 40x
')( X
b-5.
"\
If. 4D >(
---liJ(
x t.3x
b-6.
\ .
I )(
\.\
i
=:::::;:>
~
,c: 40x
i
t
/bx
'( 6.3'(
)( 6.3
~
J6 :<.
t
x 40><
6.3"<
)( )(
I J
.,
tt
4~1-.
t.3X
>(
4lJx
/6'/l
6.3l(

·•
c. Examples:
c-1. 40X image moves to the left, and
6.3X image
to the right.
c-2. Lower 40X drum lens until 40X image
is aligned with horizontal center
line of 16X.
c-3. Move 40X drum lens to the right
until 40X image is at equidistant
from north-south optical axis of 16X.
c-4. Move B lens to the right until image
of 40X and 6.3X are coincided with
image of 16X.
5-3) Adjustment of image movement of 25X and
lOX in north-south and east-west direc-
tions. Coincide optical axes of 25X
and lOX to that of 16X by movement of
25X drum lens.
5-4) Steps 5-2) and -3) sometimes require
repetition until adjustment is complete.
Ascertain coincidence of optical axes
of 40X, 25X, 16X, lOX and 6.3X.
6. Adjustment of Left Diopter
6-1) Insert eyepiece GlOX into right eye-
piece tube, bring drum lens 16X into
path, and focus on specimen by use of
focusing telescope.
6-2) Coincide focus of left drum lens 16X to
that of right 16X.
a. When focus is deviated to the "+"
side (or eyepiece tube is length-
ened), move prism P2 backward until
focus is obtained by aligning
helicoid ring to position "O".
- 15 -
c-1. c-2.
•
4-0X
c-3.
t:f' c-4.
5-3)
There is correspondence between
the image movements of 25X and 40X;
lOX and 6.3X, respectively.
This adjustment does not require
movement of B lens.
6-1) Make it sure that when helicoid
ring on left eyepiece tube is
positioned to "O", left drum lens
16X must be brought into focus.
a.
b.

b. If focus is deviated to the "-" side
(or eyepiece tube is shortened), mov
prism P2 forward until focus is
obtained by aligning helicoid ring t
position "0".
7. Centration and Focusing of Drum Lenses in the Left Field of View.
7-1) Bring drum lens 16X into light path,
insert eyepiece GlOX into left eyepiece
tube, and focus on specimen with
focusing telescope.
7-2) Coincide focus of drum lenses 40X and
6.3X
to that of drum lens 16X.
7-3) Coincide focus of drum lens 25X and lOX
to that of drum lens 16X.
7-4) Bring drum lens 16X to light path,
insert eyepiece with cross hairs GlOX
into left eyepiece tube and coincide
centers of concentric circles and cross.
hairs.
7-5) Coincide image of specimen at 40X and
6.3X
to image at 16X
7-6) Coincide images at 25X and lOX to that
at 16X.
7-7) Repeat steps 7-3), 7-5) and 7-6) until
adjustment is complete.
- 16 -
7-2)
Move drum len's 40X up and down by
aid of spring located beneath drum
lens, until focus is adjusted, in
a same manner as in 4-3).
7-3)
Move drum lens 25X up and down by
aid of spring located beneath drum
lens, until focus is adjusted in
a same manner as in 4-4).
7 -5)
Follow step 5-2).
7-6)
Follow step 5-3).

8. Attachment of Dust Glasses
8-1) Place dust glasses in position on both
sides, and shellac them at three spots
respectively.
8-2) Sometimes image moves at magnification 8-2)
change after dust glasses are attached. See 5-2).
This can be corrected by adjustment of
B lens.
9. Coincidence of Reight and Left Optical Axes
9-1) Check difference between right and left 9-1)
optical axes in both fields of view in
conjunction with drum lens 40X and eye-
piece with cross hairs GlOX in position.
9-2) Eliminate this difference by equally
moving right and left objectives.
* Difference allowance: 0.2 on image
plane
-17 -
Ex. Left field
Left field
Left obj.
Right field
Right field
Right obj.

10. Mounting of PM-6
10-1) Lift sliding sleeve as well as possibl
along phototube, and clamp.
10-2) Insert eyepiece PlOX into PM-6, and
attach it on sliding sleeve.
10-3) Apply focusing telescope to viewer of
PM-6 and looking through viewer, bring
image into focus on focusing screen.
11. Focusing of Phototube Objectives
11-1) Bring drum lens 16X into light path,
· and looking through binocular obser-
vation tube, focus on specimen.
11-2) Looking through viewer of PM-6, lower
sliding sleeve along phototube until
concentric circles are focused.
11-3) Check distance from focus of 40X and
6.3X to that of 16X, and adjust photo-
tube objective into position for
correct focusing.
11-4) Move drum lens 40X up and down until
focus of 40X and 6.3X is coincided
with that of 16X.
11-5) Move drum lens 25X up and down until
focus of 25X and lOX is coincided with
that of 16X.
11-6) Repeat steps 11-3), 4) and 5) until
adjustment is complete.
-18 -
11-3)
Move phototube objective up and
down so that focus of 40X and 6.3X
is in the same direction and
equidistant.
In case focus of 40X is in the
opposite direction to that of 6.3X,
lift phototube objective.
11-4)
See steps 4-1) through 4-4).