PI P-840.XXV Series User manual

P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
User Manual
P-840.XXV PRELOADED PIEZO ACTUATORS (VACUUM VERSIONS)
MOTION | POSITIONING

Contents
1 Legal Information.........................................................................................................4
2 About this Document..................................................................................................5
2.1 Objective and Target Group..............................................................................5
2.2 Other Applicable Documents............................................................................5
2.3 Explanation of Symbols....................................................................................5
2.3.1 Typographic Conventions................................................................. 6
2.3.2 Symbols Used.................................................................................... 6
2.4 Figures................................................................................................................7
2.5 Downloading Manuals...................................................................................... 7
3 Safety............................................................................................................................8
3.1 Intended Use......................................................................................................8
3.2 General Safety Instructions.............................................................................. 8
3.3 Organizational Measures.................................................................................. 9
3.3.1 User Manual....................................................................................... 9
3.3.2 General Personnel Qualification.......................................................9
4 Product Description................................................................................................... 10
4.1 Model Overview...............................................................................................10
4.2 Product Labeling..............................................................................................10
4.2.1 Type Plate......................................................................................... 10
4.3 Scope of Delivery............................................................................................. 11
4.4 Overview...........................................................................................................11
4.5 Suitable Electronics......................................................................................... 11
4.6 Accessories...................................................................................................... 12
5 Unpacking.................................................................................................................. 13
6 Installation................................................................................................................. 14
6.1 Avoiding Mounting Errors.............................................................................. 14
6.2 Mounting the P-840.xxV and Connecting to a Protective Earth Conductor
...........................................................................................................................15
6.3 Fixing the Load................................................................................................ 16
6.4 Connecting the P-840.xxV............................................................................... 17
7 Startup and Operation.............................................................................................. 18
7.1 Determining the Operating Parameters.........................................................18
7.1.1 Calculating the Effective Mass........................................................18
7.1.2 Calculating the Maximum Operating Frequency of the Loaded
Piezo Actuator.................................................................................. 19
7.1.3 Calculating the Forces that Occur During Dynamic Operation.... 19
7.1.4 Calculating the Power Requirement for Sinusoidal Operation.... 19
7.2 Starting and Operating the P-840.xxV............................................................20
7.3 Discharging the P-840.xxV...............................................................................22
CONTENTS P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
2MOTION | POSITIONING

8 Maintenance...............................................................................................................24
8.1 Cleaning............................................................................................................24
9 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................... 25
10 Transportation............................................................................................................26
11 Customer Service Department.................................................................................27
12 Technical Data............................................................................................................ 28
12.1 Specifications...................................................................................................28
12.2 Maximum Ratings........................................................................................... 29
12.3 Ambient Conditions and Classifications........................................................29
12.4 Dimensions...................................................................................................... 31
13 Old Equipment Disposal........................................................................................... 32
14 Appendix.................................................................................................................... 33
14.1 Pin Assignment................................................................................................33
14.1.1 Voltage Connector........................................................................... 33
15 EU Declaration of Conformity...................................................................................34
CONTENTS P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
3MOTION | POSITIONING

1 Legal Information
The following company names and brands are registered trademarks of Physik Instrumente
(PI) GmbH & Co. KG:
PI®, PIC®, NanoCube®, PICMA®, PIFOC, PILine®, NEXLINE®, PiezoWalk®, PicoCube®,
PiezoMove, PIMikroMove, NEXACT®, Picoactuator®, PInano®, NEXSHIFT®, PITOUCH®,
PIMag®, PIHera, Q-Motion®
The patents held by PI can be found in our list at https://www.physikinstrumente.com/en/
about-pi/patents.
© 2021 Physik Instrumente (PI) GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany. The text, photographs,
and drawings in this manual are protected by copyright. With regard thereto, Physik
Instrumente (PI) GmbH & Co. KG reserves all rights. The use of any text, images and
drawings is permitted only in part and only when indicating the source.
Original instructions
First print: 1/29/2021
Document number: P840M0002en, CBo
Subject to change. This manual is superseded by any new release. The latest versions of the
user manuals are available for download (p. 7) at www.pi.ws.
Publisher:
Physik Instrumente (PI) GmbH & Co. KG
Auf der Roemerstrasse 1
76228 Karlsruhe
Germany
[email protected]
www.pi.de
Customer service department:
Physik Instrumente (PI) GmbH & Co. KG
Auf der Roemerstrasse 1
76228 Karlsruhe
Germany
[email protected]
www.pi.de
1 LEGAL INFORMATION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
4MOTION | POSITIONING

2 About this Document
2.1 Objective and Target Group
This user manual contains the information needed for the intended use of the P-840.xxV.
Basic knowledge of closed-loop systems, motion control concepts, and applicable safety
measures is assumed.
2.2 Other Applicable Documents
The devices and software tools that are mentioned in this documentation are described in
separate manuals.
Document number Document type Product
PZ62 User manual E-503 piezo amplifier module, 3 channels, -30
to 130 V
PZ62 User manual E-505 piezo amplifier module, 1 channel, -30
to 130 V
PZ70 / PZ72 User manual E-610 piezo amplifier / servo controller, 1
channel, -30 to 130 V
PZ201 User manual E-617 high-power piezo amplifier, 1 channel,
-30 to 130 V
PZ115 / PZ160 User manual E-621 piezo amplifier / servo controller mod-
ule, 1 channel, -30 to 130 V
PZ166 / PZ167 User manual E-625 piezo amplifier / servo controller, 1
channel, -30 to 130 V
PZ69 User manual E-663 piezo amplifier, 3 channels, -20 to 120 V
PZ127 / E665T0009 User manual / technical
note
E-665 piezo amplifier / servo controller, 1
channel, -30 to 130 V
PZ222 User manual E-709 digital piezo controller, 1 channel, -30
to 130 V
PZ151 / PZ191 /
PZ235
User manual E-831 piezo amplifier module, 1 channel, -30
to 130 V
The latest versions of the user manuals can be downloaded (p. 7) at www.pi.ws.
2.3 Explanation of Symbols
This chapter explains the symbols and markings used by PI in their user manuals.
2 ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
5MOTION | POSITIONING

2.3.1 Typographic Conventions
Symbol / label Meaning
1.
2.
Action consisting of one or several steps with strict sequential order
► Action consisting of one or more steps without relevant sequential or-
der
■ Lists
p. 5 Cross-reference to page 5
RS-232 Label on the product indicating an operating element (example: RS-232
interface socket)
Start > Settings Menu path in the PC software (example: to open the menu, Start and
Settings must be clicked successively)
POS? Command line or a command from PI's General Command Set (GCS)
(example: command to get the axis position)
Device S/N Parameter name (example: parameter where the serial number is stor-
ed)
5Value that must be entered or selected via the PC software
2.3.2 Symbols Used
Symbol / Label Meaning
General hazard symbol
DANGER
Dangerous situation
Failure to comply could lead to death or serious injury.
►Precautionary measures for avoiding the risk.
WARNING
Dangerous situation
Failure to comply could lead to serious injury.
►Precautionary measures for avoiding the risk.
CAUTION
Dangerous situation
Failure to comply could lead to minor injury.
►Precautionary measures for avoiding the risk.
NOTICE
Dangerous situation
Failure to comply could lead to material damage.
►Precautionary measures for avoiding the risk.
2 ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
6MOTION | POSITIONING

Information
Additional information on the P-840.xxV that can affect your application.
2.4 Figures
For better understandability, the colors, proportions and degree of detail in illustrations can
deviate from the actual circumstances. Photographic illustrations may also differ and must
not be seen as guaranteed properties.
2.5 Downloading Manuals
Information
If a manual is missing or problems occur with downloading:
►Contact our customer service department (p. 27).
Downloading Manuals
1. Open the website www.pi.ws.
2. Search the website for the product number (e.g., P-882) or the product family (e.g.,
PICMA® bender).
3. Click the corresponding product to open the product detail page.
4. Click the Downloads tab.
➔The manuals are shown under
Documentation .
5. Click the desired manual and fill out the inquiry form.
➔The download link will then be sent to the email address entered.
2 ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
7MOTION | POSITIONING

3 Safety
3.1 Intended Use
The P-840.xxV is a laboratory device as defined by DIN EN 61010-1. It is intended for indoor
use and use in an environment that is free of dirt, oil, and lubricants.
In accordance with its design, the P-840.xxV is intended for the following applications:
■Positioning of loads; see "Specifications" (p. 28)
■Dynamic positioning
■Vibration absorption
■Force generation
Motion is along one axis.
The P-840.xxV is not intended for applications in areas where failure would result in
considerable risks for human beings or the environment.
The intended use of the P-840.xxV is only possible when completely mounted and
connected. The P-840.xxV must be operated with suitable electronics (p. 11) from PI. The
electronics are not in the scope of delivery of the P-840.xxV.
The P-840.xxV may not be used for purposes other than those stated in this user manual.
The P-840.xxV may only be used in compliance with the technical specifications and
instructions in this user manual.
3.2 General Safety Instructions
Temperature changes and compressive stress can induce charges in the P-840.xxV piezo
actuator. After disconnection from the electronics, the piezo actuator can remain charged for
several hours. Touching live parts of the P-840.xxV can result in minor injury from electric
shock.
►Do not open the P-840.xxV.
If the protective earth conductor is missing or not properly connected, risk of dangerous
touch voltages on the P-840.xxV in the event of malfunction or failure of the system. If touch
voltages exist, touching the P-840.xxV can lead to minor injury from electric shock.
►Connect the P-840.xxV to a protective earth conductor before startup.
►Do not remove the protective earth conductor during operation.
►If the protective earth conductor has to be temporarily removed (e.g., for modifications),
reconnect the P-840.xxV to the protective earth conductor before restarting.
Mechanical forces can destroy the P-840.xxV.
►Avoid knocks that affect the P-840.xxV.
►Do not drop the P-840.xxV.
►Avoid torques, bending forces, and lateral forces on the tip of the P-840.xxV.
►Do not exceed the maximum permissible loads (p. 28).
The P-840.xxV is built according to state-of-the-art technology and recognized safety
standards. Improper use of the P-840.xxV may result in personal injury and/or damage to the
P-840.xxV.
►Use the P-840.xxV only for its intended purpose and when it is in perfect condition.
►Read the user manual.
►Eliminate any malfunctions that may affect safety immediately.
The operator is responsible for installing and operating the P-840.xxV correctly.
3 SAFETY P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
8MOTION | POSITIONING

3.3 Organizational Measures
3.3.1 User Manual
►Always keep this user manual available with the P-840.xxV. The latest versions of the user
manuals can be downloaded (p. 7) at www.pi.ws.
►Add all information from the manufacturer such as supplements or technical notes to the
user manual.
►If you give the P-840.xxV to a third party, also include this user manual as well as other
relevant information provided by the manufacturer.
►Only use the device on the basis of the complete user manual. Missing information due to
an incomplete user manual can result in minor injury and damage to equipment.
►Only install and operate the P-840.xxV after you have read and understood this user
manual.
3.3.2 General Personnel Qualification
The P-840.xxV may only be installed, started up, operated, maintained, and cleaned by
authorized and appropriately qualified personnel.
3 SAFETY P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
9MOTION | POSITIONING

4 Product Description
4.1 Model Overview
Actuators without sensor, vacuum compatible
Product number Description
P-840.10V Preloaded piezo actuator, 15 µm travel range, 1000 N / 50 N, vac-
uum compatible to 10-6 hPa
P-840.20V Preloaded piezo actuator, 30 µm travel range, 1000 N / 50 N, vac-
uum compatible to 10-6 hPa
P-840.30V Preloaded piezo actuator, 45 µm travel range, 1000 N / 50 N, vac-
uum compatible to 10-6 hPa
P-840.40V Preloaded piezo actuator, 60 µm travel range, 1000 N / 50 N, vac-
uum compatible to 10-6 hPa
P-840.60V Preloaded piezo actuator, 90 µm travel range, 1000 N / 50 N, vac-
uum compatible to 10-6 hPa
Actuators without sensor, with ball tip, vacuum compatible
Product number Description
P-840.1BV Preloaded piezo actuator, 15 µm travel range, 1000 N / 50 N, ball tip,
vacuum compatible to 10-6 hPa
P-840.2BV Preloaded piezo actuator, 30 µm travel range, 1000 N / 50 N, ball tip,
vacuum compatible to 10-6 hPa
P-840.3BV Preloaded piezo actuator, 45 µm travel range, 1000 N / 50 N, ball tip,
vacuum compatible to 10-6 hPa
P-840.4BV Preloaded piezo actuator, 60 µm travel range, 1000 N / 50 N, ball tip,
vacuum compatible to 10-6 hPa
P-840.6BV Preloaded piezo actuator, 90 µm travel range, 1000 N / 50 N, ball tip,
vacuum compatible to 10-6 hPa
4.2 Product Labeling
4.2.1 Type Plate
Figure 1: Type plate of the P-840.xxV
1. Data matrix code (example; contains the serial number)
2. Product number (example)
3. Serial number (example), individual for each P-840.xxV
4 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
10 MOTION | POSITIONING

Meaning of the position (counting from the left):
1 = internal information,
2 and 3 = year of manufacture,
4 to 9 = consecutive numbers
4. Warning and conformity symbols (old equipment disposal (p. 32), CE mark (p. 34))
4.3 Scope of Delivery
Product number Description
P-840.xxV Actuator model according to order (p. 10)
4.4 Overview
Figure 2: Example product view
1. Tip with M3 inner hole (for version with ball tip, see "Dimensions" (p. 31))
2. AF5 wrench flat for open-end wrench
3. Gas emission hole (4× in housing tube, 1× in base)
4. Housing, consisting of housing tube [4a] and base [4b]
5. Cable exit (sensor connector): For P-841 models only.
6. Cable exit (voltage connector)
7. AF10 wrench flat for open-end wrench
Arrow: Positive direction of motion of the tip
4.5 Suitable Electronics
The P-840.xxV must be connected to suitable electronics that supply the necessary voltage
for operating the P-840.xxV. The following electronics are suitable for operating the
P-840.xxV:
4 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
11 MOTION | POSITIONING

Product number Description
E-503 Piezo amplifier module, 3 channels, -30 to 130 V
E-505 Piezo amplifier module, 1 channel, -30 to 130 V
E-610 Piezo amplifier / servo controller, 1 channel, -30 to 130 V
E-617 High-power piezo amplifier, 1 channel, -30 to 130 V
E-621 Piezo amplifier / servo controller module, 1 channel, -30 to 130 V
E-625 Piezo amplifier / servo controller, 1 channel, -30 to 130 V
E-663 Piezo amplifier, 3 channels, -20 to 120 V
E-665 Piezo amplifier / servo controller, 1 channel, -30 to 130 V
E-709 Digital piezo controller, 1 channel, -30 to 130 V
E-831 Piezo amplifier module, 1 channel, -30 to 130 V
To order, contact our customer service department (p. 27).
4.6 Accessories
Product number Description
P-891.VA Vacuum feedthrough for piezo voltage, to 10-6 hPa, 100 °C, LEMO
connectors, incl. air side cable, 2 m
To order, contact our customer service department (p. 27).
4 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
12 MOTION | POSITIONING

5 Unpacking
Tools and Accessories
■Powder-free gloves
NOTICE
Destruction of the P-840.xxV due to mechanical overload!
Mechanical forces can destroy the P-840.xxV.
►Avoid knocks that affect the P-840.xxV.
►Do not drop the P-840.xxV.
Information
At PI, all parts are cleaned before assembly. Afterwards, the P-840.xxV is wipe-cleaned again
and then shrink-wrapped twice in vacuum-compatible film.
Unpacking the P-840.xxV
1. Put powder-free gloves on.
2. Unpack the P-840.xxV with care.
3. Compare the contents with the scope of delivery according to the contract and the
delivery note.
4. Inspect the contents for signs of damage. If any parts are damaged or missing, contact
our customer service department (p. 27) immediately.
5. Keep all packaging materials in case the product needs to be returned.
5 UNPACKING P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
13 MOTION | POSITIONING

6 Installation
6.1 Avoiding Mounting Errors
Piezo actuators may only be loaded axially. The following figures intend to help you to avoid
mounting errors.
Figure 3: Not tightly screwed at both ends and no angles
A: Wrong: Angular error at the tip
B: Right: Axial loading of the actuator
C: Wrong: The actuator is screwed tight at both ends
Figure 4: Ball tips or flexures for decoupling lateral forces and bending forces
6 INSTALLATION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
14 MOTION | POSITIONING

Figure 5: No lateral forces or torques
A: Wrong: Shearing force due to lateral force
B: Right: Axial loading of the actuator
C: Wrong: Torsion due to torque
6.2 Mounting the P-840.xxV and Connecting to a Protective Earth
Conductor
The protective earth for the P-840.xxV is connected as follows:
■Mounting hole in the base of the P-840.xxV
■Suitable, conductive screw
■The underlying surface connected to the protective earth conductor
Tools and Accessories
■Suitable protective earth conductor: Cable cross section ≥ 0.75 mm2
■Electrically conductive screw of suitable size and length (see "Dimensions" (p. 31))
■Open-end wrench for holding the base (p. 11) of the P-840.xxV (see "Dimensions" (p. 31)
for across flats size)
■Suitable screwdriver
Requirements
✓You have read and understood the general safety instructions (p. 8).
✓You have read and understood the section "Avoiding Mounting Errors" (p. 14).
✓The P-840.xxV is not connected to the electronics.
✓The P-840.xxV is discharged (p. 22).
✓You have provided a suitable surface for mounting the P-840.xxV:
■The underlying surface has suitable mounting holes (p. 31).
■The underlying surface is connected to a protective earth conductor.
■The underlying surface is sufficiently conductive to ensure proper function of the
protective earth conductor.
✓You have accounted for the space required to route cables without bending and
according to regulations.
6 INSTALLATION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
15 MOTION | POSITIONING

CAUTION
Risk of electric shock if the protective earth conductor is not connected!
If the protective earth conductor is missing or not properly connected, risk of dangerous
touch voltages on the P-840.xxV in the event of malfunction or failure of the system. If there
are touch voltages, touching the P-840.xxV can lead to minor injury due to electric shock.
►Connect the P-840.xxV to a protective earth conductor before startup.
►Do not remove the protective earth conductor during operation.
►If the protective earth conductor has to be removed temporarily (e.g., for modifications),
reconnect the P-840.xxV to the protective earth conductor before restarting.
Information
The P-840.xxV can heat up during operation. The heat produced during operation can affect
your application.
Information
►Pay attention to the applicable standards for connecting the protective earth conductor.
Mounting the P-840.xxV
1. Use the open-end wrench to hold the base of the P-840.xxV in position.
2. Screw the P-840.xxV onto a suitable underlying surface. For this purpose, screw into the
mounting hole in the bottom of the base (p. 31).
3. Remove the open-end wrench from the base.
4. Check that the P-840.xxV is firmly seated and ensure that the contact resistance at all
joints relevant to the protective conductor assembly is <0.1 Ω at 25 A.
5. If anything vibrates in your application, use suitable means (e.g., liquid adhesive) to
prevent the protective earth screw connection(s) from loosening.
6.3 Fixing the Load
Tools and Accessories
■Screw of suitable size and length (see "Dimensions" (p. 31))
■Open-end wrench for holding the tip (p. 11) of the P-840.xxV (see "Dimensions" (p. 31) for
across flats size)
■Suitable screwdriver
Requirements
✓You have read and understood the general safety instructions (p. 8).
✓You have read and understood the section "Avoiding Mounting Errors" (p. 14).
✓The P-840.xxV is not connected to the electronics.
✓The P-840.xxV is discharged (p. 22).
6 INSTALLATION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
16 MOTION | POSITIONING

NOTICE
Destruction of the piezo actuator due to mechanical overload!
Torques, bending and lateral forces, tensile stress, and excessive loads can destroy the piezo
actuator.
►Do not exceed the maximum permissible loads according to the specifications (p. 28).
►Avoid torques, bending forces and lateral forces on the tip of the piezo actuator.
►Avoid torques on the base when the tip is tightly clamped.
►Make sure that the center of load of the moving system is on the motion axis of the piezo
actuator.
►Use suitable structures or guide elements (e.g., ball tips or flexure guides) to avoid
uneven load distribution.
►Pay attention to the information on parallelism in the "Dimensions" section (p. 31).
►Do not screw the piezo actuator tight at both ends.
Fixing the Load
1. Use an open-end wrench to hold the tip of the P-840.xxV in place.
2. Insert the screw into the mounting hole in the tip and tighten to secure the load.
3. Remove the open-end wrench from the tip.
6.4 Connecting the P-840.xxV
Tools and Accessories
■If necessary: Suitable cable set
■If necessary: Suitable screwdriver for the locking screws of the connectors.
Requirements
✓You have read and understood the general safety instructions (p. 8).
✓You have read and understood the user manual for the electronics used.
✓You have installed the electronics properly.
✓The electronics are switched off.
NOTICE
Damage due to incorrect connection of the P-840.xxV!
Connecting unsuitable electronics or a wrong cable can damage the P-840.xxV or the
electronics.
►Connect the P-840.xxV only to suitable electronics from PI (p. 11).
►Use cables from PI only to connect the P-840.xxV to the electronics.
Connecting the P-840.xxV
1. Connect the P-840.xxV's voltage plug to the voltage socket on the electronics.
6 INSTALLATION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
17 MOTION | POSITIONING

7 Startup and Operation
7.1 Determining the Operating Parameters
Limiting factors for the operation of the piezo actuator:
■Resonant frequency:
The operating frequency may not exceed one third of the resonant frequency of the
loaded piezo actuator. See "Calculating the Maximum Operating Frequency of the Loaded
Piezo Actuator" (p. 19).
■Maximum push/pull force capacity (p. 28):
The mass of the load to be moved and the operating frequency of the piezo actuator must
be selected so that any dynamic forces generated during operation do not exceed the
maximum push/pull force capacity of the piezo actuator. See "Calculating the Forces that
Occur During Dynamic Operation" (p. 19).
■Maximum permissible operating temperature of the piezo actuator (p. 29):
The greater the operating frequency, the operating voltage (peak-to-peak), and the
capacitance of the piezo actuator, the greater the thermal power generated in the piezo
actuator. The operating frequency, operating voltage and operating time must be selected
so that the maximum permissible operating temperature of the piezo actuator is not
exceeded. For the maximum permissible operating frequency without cooling, see
column B of the table in "Maximum Ratings" (p. 29).
Peak and average output current of the electronics:
The electronics used (p. 11) for operating the P-840.xxV must meet the following
requirements:
■The electronics can provide the required current. See "Calculating the Power Requirement
for Sinusoidal Operation" (p. 19).
■The output current of the electronics does not exceed the maximum power consumption
of the piezo actuator. See "Maximum Ratings" (p. 29).
7.1.1 Calculating the Effective Mass
Figure 6: Calculation of the effective mass of a unilaterally clamped piezo stack actuator
without load (left) and with additional load (right).
1. Find the mass m of your piezo actuator in the data table (p. 28).
7 STARTUP AND OPERATION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
18 MOTION | POSITIONING

2. Determine the additional load M.
3. Calculate the effective mass meff of the unloaded piezo actuator and meff' of the loaded
piezo actuator using the formulas in the figure above.
7.1.2 Calculating the Maximum Operating Frequency of the Loaded Piezo
Actuator
Information
In the following calculation, the maximum permissible operating temperature of the piezo
actuator is not taken into account. During operation without cooling, the maximum
operating temperature may already be exceeded when the operating frequency is still below
the limit value calculated in the following.
►For the maximum permissible operating frequency without cooling, see column B of the
table in "Maximum Ratings" (p. 29).
1. Calculate the resonant frequency of the loaded piezo actuator with the following formula:
Variables:
f0' = Resonant frequency of the loaded piezo actuator [Hz]
f0 = Resonant frequency of the unloaded piezo actuator [Hz]; see "Data Table" (p. 28).
meff = Effective mass; approx. 1/3 of the mass of the piezo actuator [kg]
meff' = Effective mass meff + additional load M [kg]
See also "Calculating the Effective Mass" (p. 18).
2. Calculate the maximum operating frequency of the loaded piezo actuator with the
following formula:
fmax = f0'/3
Variables:
fmax = Maximum operating frequency of the loaded piezo actuator [Hz]
f0' = Resonant frequency of the loaded piezo actuator [Hz]
7.1.3 Calculating the Forces that Occur During Dynamic Operation
1. Use the following formula to calculate the dynamic forces acting on the piezo actuator
during sinusoidal operation with the frequency f:
Variables:
Fdyn = Dynamic force [N]
meff' = Effective mass meff (approx. 1/3 of the mass of the piezo actuator) + additional load
M [kg], see also "Calculating the Effective Mass" (p. 18)
ΔL = Displacement in the application (peak-to-peak) [m]
f = Frequency [Hz]
Example: The dynamic forces are approximately ±40 N at 1000 Hz, 2 µm displacement
(peak-peak) and 1 kg effective mass.
7.1.4 Calculating the Power Requirement for Sinusoidal Operation
1. Calculate the average current requirement for sinusoidal operation using the following
formula:
7 STARTUP AND OPERATION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
19 MOTION | POSITIONING

2. Calculate the peak current requirement for sinusoidal operation using the following
formula:
Variable Description Notes
IaRequired average current of the ampli-
fier (source / sink) [A]
It is essential that the power adapter
can supply enough current.
Imax Required peak current of the amplifier
(source / sink) [A]
The provided peak current depends on
the internal storage capacity of the am-
plifier.
f Operating frequency [Hz] Details on the operating frequency see
"Overview of Limiting Factors" (p. 18).
C Capacitance of the piezo actuator [F (=
As/V)]
See "Data Table" (p. 28) for the small-
signal capacitance of the piezo actua-
tor.
For large-signal conditions, a safety
factor of 70 % should be added to the
small-signal capacitance.
Up-p Operating voltage (peak-to-peak) [V] Voltage difference between positive
and negative peak voltage
7.2 Starting and Operating the P-840.xxV
Tools and Accessories
■Electronics from PI (p. 11)
Requirements
✓You have read and understood the general safety instructions (p. 8).
✓You have installed (p. 14) the P-840.xxV correctly.
✓You have read and understood the user manual for the electronics used.
✓If a digital controller is used: You have read and understood the manual for the PC
software used.
✓The electronics and if required, the PC software, have been installed (see the user manual
for the electronics).
CAUTION
Risk of electric shock if the protective earth conductor is not connected!
If the protective earth conductor is missing or not properly connected, risk of dangerous
touch voltages on the P-840.xxV in the event of malfunction or failure of the system. If there
are touch voltages, touching the P-840.xxV can lead to minor injury due to electric shock.
►Connect the P-840.xxV to a protective earth conductor before startup.
►Do not remove the protective earth conductor during operation.
►If the protective earth conductor has to be removed temporarily (e.g., for modifications),
reconnect the P-840.xxV to the protective earth conductor before restarting.
7 STARTUP AND OPERATION P840M0002EN ‒ 1/29/2021
20 MOTION | POSITIONING