AGFA DX-D 100 User manual

DX-D 100 Mobile X-Ray Unit
User Manual
Technical Publication
0188K EN 20201116

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116
REVISION HISTORY
REVISION DATE REASON FOR CHANGE
AJUL 06, 2010 First edition
B JUN 10, 2011 General Update and DR Detector options
C MAY 27, 2013 IEC Standards; DR Detector options; Battery
Charge Level Indicators
D NOV 21, 2013 Displacement Controls Update and Collimator
E JAN 29, 2015 Telescopic Column (Option); Lead-Crystal Batteries;
Displacement Controls; Storage Bin for Wireless
configuration; Factors: Power Line Operation,
Maximum Input Power, Battery Capacity, Maximum
Symmetrical Radiation Field, Environmental
Conditions; General Update
F JUL 30, 2015 Designated Significant Zones of Occupancy,
Distribution of Stray Radiation; Control Panel:
ON/OFF Keypad for Access Control (Option);
Additional Features: Bluetooth (Option), LED Beacon
Light, Tube Rotation Indicators; Advisory Indications
in Section 3.8 of Motion Controls; Information for
Collimator Rotation; Configuration for Wireless DR
Detectors Options, Integrated Battery Charger;
Weight for Mobile units with Standard Column;
Illustrations, Pictures and General Update
G OCT 05, 2016 General Update
H SEP 20, 2018 New Label; Intended Use, IEC Standards Update;
General Cautions; Removed information for Gel
Batteries; Hand-grips Support (option); New Storage
Bin; New Detectors; Back-up Cable and Illustrations
I NOV 13, 2019 Mains Connection and Line Circuit Breaker; Manual
Clutch Screws; Parking Position of the Arm;
Collimator Controls, Dosimetry, Optional Wired
Configuration for some Wireless DR Detectors and
Illustrations
J MAY 22, 2020 Battery Charge Level Indicators; Appendixes A and B
and General Update
KNOV 16, 2020 Displacement Controls
This Document is the English original version, edited and supplied by the manufacturer.
The Revision state of this Document is indicated in the code number shown at the bottom of this page.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116
ADVISORY SYMBOLS
The following advisory symbols will be used throughout this manual. Their
application and meaning are described below.
DANGERS ADVISE OF CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS THAT
IF NOT HEEDED OR AVOIDED WILL CAUSE SERIOUS
PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH.
ADVISE OF CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS THAT IF NOT
HEEDED OR AVOIDED COULD CAUSE SERIOUS PERSONAL
INJURY, OR CATASTROPHIC DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT
OR DATA.
Advise of conditions or situations that if not heeded or
avoided could cause personal injury or damage to equipment
or data.
Note .Alert readers to pertinent facts and conditions. Notes represent
information that is important to know but which do not necessarily
relate to possible injury or damage to equipment.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116 i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1 INTRODUCTION 1.........................................................
1.1 General Features 4...................................................
1.2 Product Identification 5................................................
1.3 Indications for Use 6..................................................
1.3.1 Intended Use 6................................................
1.3.2 Normal Use 6.................................................
1.3.3 Contraindications 6............................................
2 SAFETY AND REGULATORY INFORMATION 7..............................
2.1 General 7...........................................................
2.2 Responsibilities 10.....................................................
2.3 Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD) 11...................................
2.4 Radiation Protection 12.................................................
2.5 Monitoring of Personnel 14.............................................
2.6 Safety Symbols 15.....................................................
2.7 Regulatory Information 20..............................................
2.7.1 Certifications 20................................................
2.7.2 Environmental Statement on the Life Cycle of the Equipment
or System 20...................................................
2.7.3 Mode of Operation 20...........................................
2.7.4 Protection against Electric Shock Hazards 21.......................
2.7.5 Protection against Harmful Ingress of Water or Particulate Matter 21...
2.7.6 Protection against Hazards of Ignition of Flammable
Anaesthetic Mixtures 21.........................................
2.7.7 Protection against Hazards from Unwanted or Excessive Radiation 21.
2.7.8 Designated Significant Zones of Occupancy 22.....................
2.7.9 Distribution of Stray Radiation 24.................................
2.8 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 27..................................
2.9 Quantitative Information 35.............................................
2.9.1 Functional Tests Performed to Obtain the Quantitative Information 35..
2.10 Deterministic Effects 37................................................

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116
ii
Section Page
3 GENERAL AND MOTION CONTROLS 39.....................................
3.1 Mains Connection and Line Circuit Breaker 42.............................
3.2 Control Panel 43......................................................
3.2.1 ON / OFF Control 43............................................
3.2.2 Emergency Stop 44.............................................
3.2.3 Power Line Connection Lamp 44..................................
3.2.4 Collimator Lamp 44.............................................
3.2.5 Battery Charge Level Indicators 45................................
3.3 Peripheral Connections - CD/DVD 47....................................
3.3.1 Configuration with Wireless DR Detector 47........................
3.3.2 Configuration with Portable DR Detector 47........................
3.4 Control Console 47....................................................
3.5 X-ray Handswitch 48...................................................
3.6 Infrared Remote Control (optional) 49....................................
3.6.1 Operation 50...................................................
3.6.2 The “Remote Finder” Device 50...................................
3.7 LED Beacon Light (option) 50...........................................
3.8 Motion Controls 51....................................................
3.8.1 Displacement Controls 53........................................
3.8.2 Parking Position of the Arm 58...................................
3.8.3 Movement Controls of the Column and Telescopic Arm 59............
3.9 Collimator Controls 61..................................................
3.10 Dosimetry (optional) 62.................................................
3.11 DR Detector 63.......................................................
3.11.1 Configuration for Wireless DR Detectors 63........................
3.11.2 Configuration for Portable DR Detectors 67........................
3.11.3 General Use and Maintenance of Digital Detectors, Options
and Accessories 68.............................................

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116 iii
Section Page
4 OPERATING SEQUENCES 69...............................................
4.1 X-ray Tube Warm-up Procedure 69......................................
4.2 Radiographic Operations 70............................................
4.3 X-ray Beam Alignment with Respect to Patient 70..........................
5 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE 73..............................................
5.1 Operator Tasks 73.....................................................
5.1.1 Batteries Maintenance 73........................................
5.1.2 Periodic Maintenance 74.........................................
5.1.3 Cleaning and Disinfection 75.....................................
5.2 Service Tasks 75......................................................
6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 77...........................................
6.1. Factors 77............................................................
6.2 X-ray Tubes 79........................................................
6.3 Physical Characteristics: Mobile with Wireless DR Detector 80...............
6.3.1 Mobile with Wireless DR Detector and Standard Column 80..........
6.3.2 Mobile with Wireless DR Detector and Telescopic Column 81.........
6.4 Physical Characteristics: Mobile with Portable DR Detector 82...............
APPENDIX A -- GUIDELINES FOR PEDIATRIC APPLICATIONS A-1...................
APPENDIX B -- PROTECT YOUR IMAGING SYSTEM FROM CYBERSECURITY
THREATS B-1.....................................................

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116
iv

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116 1
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
This manual contains all the information necessary to understand and operate
the DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit. It provides a general description, safety and
regulatory information, operating instructions and specifications concerning the
system.
This manual is not intended to teach radiology or to make any type of clinical
diagnosis.
This Unit is designed for general radiography. It provides all the advantages of
high frequency waveform Generators including lower patient dose, shorter
exposure times as well as greater accuracy and consistency.
The Generator is controlled by multiple microprocessors which render a higher
exposure consistency, efficiency in operation and an extended tube life. A high
level of self-diagnostics streamlines serviceability, thereby reducing down time.
All functions, displays and controls are logically arranged, easily accessible and
identified to prevent confusion. Technique factors and functions are selected on
the Control Console.
The Unit consists of the following fundamental parts:
X-RAY GENERATION COMPONENTS
Control Console.
Generator, that comprises:
GPower Module, which contains the power and control
components.
GHigh Voltage Transformer.
GBattery Module, with the batteries and charge / control
components.
X-ray Tube, part of the Tube-Collimator Assembly.
Tubes: E7865X, E7884X.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
20188K EN 20201116
ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT AND SUBASSEMBLIES
According to IEC 60601--2--32, the following subassemblies are considered
Associated Equipment and conform to the applicable safety requirements
therein stated.
Unit Motion Assemblies, that comprises:
GBatteries and Charger Module, to power the motors.
GMotor Assembly, motors and wheels.
GDriving Control Assembly, handlebar, motion controls at the
Tube-Collimator Assembly, gauges and related electronic
components.
Rotating Column and Telescopic Arm, holding the Tube-Collimator
Assembly and allowing its positioning.
There are three Column types available:
GStandard Column.
GStandard Short Column (optional).
GTelescopic Column (optional, only for Mobile with Wireless DR
Detector). The Telescopic Column in parking position reduces the
height of the DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit in order to have
complete visibility and safety when driving the system.
Collimator, part of the Tube-Collimator Assembly:
RALCO R221/A DHHS--170E, RALCO R221/A DHHS--170D.
DR Detectors and Grids.
Holders for DR Detectors, Grids, and Accessories.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116 3
Illustration 1-1
DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
Configuration for Wireless DR Detector:
with Standard Column (1) / with Telescopic Column, optional (2)
Configuration for Portable DR Detector, with Standard Column
(1) (2)

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
40188K EN 20201116
1.1 GENERAL FEATURES
The main features of this Unit are:
A solid and ergonomic design. Ease of operation; security and precision
of all positioning movements relative to the patient.
Standard electrical outlet operation with single-phase lines at 100 / 110 /
120 / 127 / 220 / 230 / 240 V~. Automatic line voltage compensation.
Independent operation without mains connection (Stand-Alone). In
normal operating conditions, the Battery Charger keeps batteries stable
and fully charged, provided the Unit is connected to the mains (charging).
Constant potential high frequency.
Controls at the Handlebar and Tube-Collimator Assembly for motorized
movements of the equipment.
Controls for lock release of Rotating Column (Standard or Telescopic)
and Telescopic Arm. Column rotation in relation to its vertical axis
(¦317o), telescopic and vertical motion of the Arm.
Tube-Collimator Assembly rotation in relation to its transverse axis
(360o) and horizontal axis (120o). Collimator rotation in relation to its
vertical axis (180o).
Operation Control through the NX application and the Software Console.
X-ray Handswitch for X-ray exposures.
Remote infrared X-ray Handswitch (optional).
Dosimetry (optional).
Manual Collimation.
Heat Unit storage for the X-ray Tube, even after turning ON/OFF the
equipment.
Tube protection circuitry prolongs Tube life and increases system
performance.
Equipped with closed loop control of X-ray Tube current, kVp and
filaments, which minimize potential errors and the need for
readjustments.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116 5
1.2 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
To provide manufacturer and product information, each major item in the
equipment has identification labels attached. The labels contain the following
information:
Manufacturer.
Product.
Model, serial number and date of manufacture.
Voltage (V), Input Power (kVA), Frequency (Hz) and Output Power (kW).
Inherent Filtration.
Mass.
Certifications and Symbols.
Place and date of manufacture.
* The Label data can vary, depending on the DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit model

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
60188K EN 20201116
1.3 INDICATIONS FOR USE
1.3.1 INTENDED USE
This equipment is intended for use by qualified personnel only.
The DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit is an equipment designed for general
radiography in hospitals, clinics, radiology imaging centers and medical
practices to perform processes and provide X-ray radiographic images of the
skeleton, skull, chest, spine, pelvis, lung, abdomen, extremities and other body
parts on the patients.
Images can be obtained with the patient in the sitting, standing or lying position.
Examinations can be performed to any kind of patient group. Patients may be
physically able, disabled, immobilized or in a state of shock.
This DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit contributes to the metrics of imaging
performance ensuring the efficient use of radiation.
The X-Ray image receptors used in this unit are Digital Detectors.
1.3.2 NORMAL USE
The Normal Use of this equipment is defined as the Intended Use plus the
Maintenance and Service tasks.
1.3.3 CONTRAINDICATIONS
Do not use the equipment for any purposes other than those for which it is
intended. Operation of the equipment for unintended purposes could lead to
fatal or other serious injury.
This equipment is not intended for mammographic applications.
If children are to be examined, they should always be accompanied by an adult.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116 7
SECTION 2 SAFETY AND REGULATORY INFORMATION
This section describes the safety considerations, general precautions for
patient, operator and equipment in order to perform a safe operation and
service tasks.
Regulatory information and symbols used in the equipment are detailed in this
section to operate it safely.
2.1 GENERAL
FOR CONTINUED SAFE USE OF THIS EQUIPMENT FOLLOW
THE INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS OPERATING MANUAL. BOTH
OPERATOR AND SERVICE PERSONNEL HAVE TO STUDY
THIS MANUAL CAREFULLY, INSTRUCTIONS HEREIN
SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY READ AND UNDERSTOOD
BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO PLACE THE EQUIPMENT IN
OPERATION, ESPECIALLY THE INSTRUCTIONS
CONCERNING SAFETY, REGULATIONS, DOSAGE AND
RADIATION PROTECTION. KEEP THIS OPERATING MANUAL
WITH THE EQUIPMENT AT ALL TIMES AND PERIODICALLY
REVIEW THE OPERATING AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS.
TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SERVICE PERSONNEL
SUCH AS INSTALLATION, CALIBRATION OR MAINTENANCE
ARE DESCRIBED IN THE RESPECTIVE CHAPTERS OF THE
SERVICE MANUAL PROVIDED WITH THIS EQUIPMENT.
PLEASE STUDY THIS MANUAL AND THE MANUALS FOR
EACH SYSTEM COMPONENT TO BE FULLY AWARE OF ALL
THE SAFETY AND OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
80188K EN 20201116
OPERATOR AND SERVICE PERSONNEL AUTHORIZED TO
USE, INSTALL, CALIBRATE AND MAINTAIN THIS
EQUIPMENT MUST BE AWARE OF THE DANGER OF
EXCESSIVE EXPOSURE TO X-RAY RADIATION. IT IS
VITALLY IMPORTANT THAT EVERYONE WORKING WITH
X-RAY RADIATION IS PROPERLY TRAINED, INFORMED ON
THE HAZARDS OF RADIATION AND TAKE ADEQUATE
STEPS TO ENSURE PROTECTION AGAINST INJURY.
OPERATOR MUST HAVE SUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE TO
COMPETENTLY PERFORM THE DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC
IMAGING PROCEDURES WITH X-RAY DEVICES. THIS
KNOWLEDGE IS ACQUIRED THROUGH A VARIETY OF
EDUCATIONAL METHODS INCLUDING CLINICAL WORKING
EXPERIENCE, AND AS PART OF MANY COLLEGE AND
UNIVERSITY RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL LAWS OR REGULATIONS.
SERVICE PERSONNEL MUST HAVE SUFFICIENT
KNOWLEDGE TO COMPETENTLY PERFORM THE SERVICE
TASKS RELATED TO X-RAY DEVICES AND PARTICULARLY
TO THE EQUIPMENT DESCRIBED IN THIS MANUAL. THIS
KNOWLEDGE IS ACQUIRED THROUGH A VARIETY OF
EDUCATIONAL METHODS FOR TECHNICIANS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL LAWS OR REGULATIONS,
INCLUDING SPECIFIC TRAINING ON THIS EQUIPMENT.
X-RAY EQUIPMENT IS DANGEROUS TO BOTH PATIENT AND
OPERATOR UNLESS PROTECTION MEASURES ARE
STRICTLY OBSERVED. IF THE EQUIPMENT IS NOT
ACCURATELY USED, IT MAY CAUSE INJURY.
ALTHOUGH X-RADIATION CAN BE HAZARDOUS, X-RAY
EQUIPMENT DOES NOT POSE ANY DANGER WHEN IT IS
PROPERLY USED.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116 9
SPECIAL ATTENTION MUST BE GIVEN TO DIAGNOSTIC
X-RAY EQUIPMENT SPECIFIED TO BE USED IN
COMBINATION WITH ACCESSORIES OR OTHER ITEMS. BE
AWARE OF POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECT ARISING FROM
THESE MATERIALS LOCATED IN THE X--RAY BEAM (SEE
THE TABLE BELOW FOR THE MAXIMUM EQUIVALENT
ATTENUATION OF MATERIALS POSSIBLY LOCATED IN THE
X-RAY BEAM).
MAXIMUM ATTENUATION EQUIVALENT mm AL
ITEM
21 CFR
IEC 60601-2-54:2009
and
IEC 60601-2-54:2009+AMD1:2015
Total of all layers composing the front panel of cassette holder 1.2 1.2
Total of all layers composing the front panel of FILM CHANGER 1.2 1.2
Total of all layers, excluding detector itself, composing the front
panel of DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICE 1.2 1.2
Cradle 2.3 2.3
PATIENT SUPPORT, stationary, without articulated joints 1.2 1.2
PATIENT SUPPORT, movable, without articulated joints (including
stationary layers) 1.7 1.7
PATIENT SUPPORT, with radiolucent panel having one articulated
joint 1.7 1.7
PATIENT SUPPORT, with radiolucent panel having two or more
articulated joints 2.3 2.3
PATIENT SUPPORT, cantilevered 2.3 2.3
Note 1.-- Devices such as RADIATION DETECTORS are not included in the item listed in this table.
Note 2.-- Requirements concerning the ATTENUATION properties of RADIOGRAPHIC CASSETTES and of INTENSIFYING
SCREENS are given in ISO 4090 [3], for ANTI--SCATTER GRIDS in IEC 60627[1].
Note 3.-- ATTENUATION caused by table mattresses and similar accessories is not included in the maximum ATTENUATION
EQUIVALENT for PATIENT SUPPORT.
Note 4.-- Maximum ATTENUATION EQUIVALENT mm Al is only applied to the corresponding item. If several items given in this table
are located in the path of the X-RAY BEAM between the PATIENT and the X-RAY IMAGE RECEPTOR, each corresponding maximum
ATTENUATION EQUIVALENT mm Al is separately applied to each item.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
10 0188K EN 20201116
2.2 RESPONSIBILITIES
THIS X-RAY UNIT MAY BE DANGEROUS TO PATIENT AND
OPERATOR UNLESS SAFE EXPOSURE FACTORS,
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND MAINTENANCE
SCHEDULES ARE OBSERVED.
THE EQUIPMENT HEREIN DESCRIBED IS SOLD WITH THE
UNDERSTANDING THAT THE MANUFACTURER, ITS
AGENTS, AND REPRESENTATIVES ARE NOT LIABLE FOR
INJURY OR DAMAGE WHICH MAY RESULT FROM
OVEREXPOSURE OF PATIENTS OR PERSONNEL TO X-RAY
RADIATION.
THE MANUFACTURER DOES NOT ACCEPT ANY
RESPONSIBILITY FOR OVEREXPOSURE OF PATIENTS OR
PERSONNEL TO X-RAY RADIATION GENERATED BY THIS
EQUIPMENT WHICH IS A RESULT OF POOR OPERATING
TECHNIQUES OR PROCEDURES.
NO RESPONSIBILITY WILL BE ASSUMED FOR ANY
EQUIPMENT THAT HAS NOT BEEN SERVICED AND
MAINTAINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUFACTURER
INSTRUCTIONS, OR WHICH HAS BEEN MODIFIED OR
TAMPERED WITH IN ANY WAY.
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OPERATOR TO ENSURE
THE SAFETY OF THE PATIENT WHILE THE X-RAY
EQUIPMENT IS IN OPERATION, BY VISUAL OBSERVATION,
PROPER PATIENT POSITIONING AND USE OF THE DEVICES
THAT ARE INTENDED TO PREVENT PATIENT INJURY.
ALWAYS WATCH ALL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM TO VERIFY
THAT THERE IS NEITHER INTERFERENCE NOR
POSSIBILITY OF COLLISION WITH THE PATIENT OR WITH
OTHER EQUIPMENTS.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
0188K EN 20201116 11
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PURCHASER
/CUSTOMER TO PROVIDE THE MEANS FOR AUDIO AND
VISUAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE OPERATOR AND
THE PATIENT.
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OPERATOR TO ENSURE
THAT ALL THE EXPOSURE PARAMETERS ARE CORRECT
BEFORE PERFORMING AN EXAM TO THE PATIENT, BY
VERIFYING THAT THE PARAMETER SELECTION HAS NOT
BEEN MODIFIED UNINTENTIONALLY OR BY THE CONTACT
OF EXTERNAL ELEMENTS ON THE CONTROL CONSOLE, IN
ORDER TO AVOID THE OVEREXPOSURE OR THE NEED OF
PERFORMING A NEW EXAM TO THE PATIENT.
MAKE SURE THAT THE X-RAY TUBE IS SET IN WORKING
POSITION WITH THE REFERENCE AXIS (X-RAY BEAM)
POINTING TO THE RECEPTION AREA.
2.3 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE (MPD)
Before operation, people qualified and authorized to operate this equipment
should be familiar with the Recommendations of the International Commission
on Radiological Protection, contained in Annals Number 60 of the ICRP, with
applicable National Standards and should have been trained in use of the
equipment.
THE OPERATOR SHALL USE THE LARGEST POSSIBLE
DISTANCE FROM THE FOCAL SPOT TO SKIN IN ORDER TO
KEEP THE ABSORBED DOSE AS LOW AS REASONABLY
ACHIEVABLE.

DX-D 100 Mobile X-ray Unit
User Manual
12 0188K EN 20201116
2.4 RADIATION PROTECTION
Although this equipment is built to the highest safety standards and
incorporates a high degree of protection against X-radiation other than the
useful beam, no practical design of equipment can provide complete protection,
nor can any practical design compel the operator to take adequate precautions
to prevent the possibility of any persons carelessly, unwisely, or unknowingly
exposing themselves or others to X-radiation.
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OPERATOR TO
RESTRICT THE ACCESS TO THE UNIT IN ACCORDANCE
WITH LOCAL REGULATIONS FOR RADIATION
PROTECTION.
Because exposure to X-ray radiation can be damaging to the health, use great
care to ensure protection against exposure to the primary beam. Some of the
effects of X-ray radiation are cumulative and may extend over a period of
months or years. The best safety rule for an X-ray operator is “Avoid exposure
to the primary beam at all times”.
Any object in the path of the primary beam produces secondary (scattered)
radiation. The intensity of secondary radiation depends on the energy and
intensity of the primary beam and the atomic number of the object material
struck by the primary beam. Secondary radiation may be of greater intensity
than that of the radiation reaching the receptor. Take protective measures to
safeguard against it.
An effective protective measure is the use of lead shielding. To minimize
dangerous exposure, use such items as lead screens, lead impregnated
gloves, aprons, thyroid collars, etc. Lead screens should contain a minimum of
2.0 mm of lead or equivalent and personal protective devices (aprons, gloves,
etc.) must contain a minimum of 0.25 mm of lead or equivalent. For confirmation
of the local requirements at your site, please refer to your “Local Radiation
Protection Rules” as provided by your Radiation Protection Advisor.