Elma Instruments 6400 User manual

Elma 6400 LCR Meter
English 31
EAN: 5706445840359
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
31
English User Manual
1. Safety Summary
The following safety precautions apply to both operating and maintenance
personnel and must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and
repair of this instrument.
Do Not Operate In an Explosive Atmosphere
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes.
Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a
definite safety hazard.
Keep Away From Live Circuits
Instrument covers must not be removed by operating personnel. Component
replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance
personnel.
Do Not Substitute Parts or Modify The Instrument
Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modifications to this
instrument. Return the instrument to distributor for service and repair to ensure
that safety features are maintained.
Warnings And Cautions
Warning and Caution statements, such as the following examples, denote a
hazard and appear throughout this manual. Follow all instructions contained in
these statements.
A Warning statement calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or
condition, which, if not followed correctly, could result in injury or death to
personnel.
A Caution statement calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or
condition, which, if not followed correctly, could result in damage to or destruction
of part or all of the product.
2. Safety Guidelines
To ensure that you use this device safely, follow the safety guidelines listed
below:
• This meter is for indoor use, altitude up to 2,000 m.
• The warnings and precautions should be read and well
understood before the instrument is used.
• When measuring in-circuit components, first de-energize the
circuits before connecting to the test leads.
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
32
• Discharge capacitor before testing.
• Use the meter only as specified in this manual. Otherwise, the
protection provided by the meter may be impaired.
• The power for the meter is supplied with six standard 1.5V
batteries.
Caution
Do not measure a capacitor that is not fully discharged. Connecting a charged or
partially charged capacitor to the input terminals will damage the instrument.
When measuring within a circuit, the circuit must be de-energized before
connecting the test leads.
When used in a dusty environment, the instrument should be wiped and cleaned
regularly.
Do not leave the instrument exposed to direct heat from the sun for long periods of
time.
Before removing the cover, ensure that the instrument is disconnected from any
circuit and is powered OFF.
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
33
3. Functional Description
3-1 Introduction
The LCR meter could measure Inductance/Capacitance/Resistance with
secondary parameters including dissipation factor(D), quality factor(Q), phase
angle(θ), equivalent series/parallel resistance(ESR or Rp). The meter is fully auto
ranging operation for AC impedance & DC resistance measurement. It means the
user could measure the L/C/R components directly at AUTOLCR smart mode
without changing the function key. User could also select the target test
frequencies of 100Hz/120Hz/1kHz/10kHz/100kHz depending on DUT(device
under test) type. Components could be measured in series or parallel mode
according to the DUT impedance automatically.
3-2 Features
• Dual LCD display
• Auto LCR smart check and measurement
• Series/Parallel modes are selectable
• Ls/Lp/Cs/Cp with D/Q/θ/ESR parameters
• Support DCR mode 200.00Ω~200.0MΩ
• Five different test frequency are available: 100/120/1k/10k/100k Hz
• Test AC signal level: 0.6mVRMS typ.
• Test range: (ex. F=1kHz)
L:200.00 µH ~ 2000.0 H
C:2000.0 pF ~ 2.000 mF
R:20.000 Ω~ 200.0 MΩ
• Multi-level battery voltage detector
• Support Backlight & Buzzer sound driver
• Primary Parameters Display:
DCR:DC Resistance
Ls:Serial Inductance
Lp:Parallel Inductance
Cs:Serial Capacitance
Cp:Parallel Capacitance
Rs:Serial Resistance
Rp:Parallel Resistance
• Second Parameter Display:
θ:Phase Angle
ESR:Equivalence Serial Resistance
D:Dissipation Factor
Q:Quality Factor
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
34
4. Front Panel Overview
4-1 Front Panel Display Descriptions
1.LCD Display
2.Mode (Auto LCR / L / C / ACR / DCR) selection button
3.Calibration mode selection button
4.Sorting mode button
5.Secondary Display mode (for dissipation factor(D), quality
factor (Q), phase angle (θ), equivalent series resistance (ESR),
equivalent parallel resistance(Rp) measurement) selection and
the modify sorting value ( ) button
6.Test Frequency selection button
7.Relative mode and the modify sorting value ( ▽) button
8.Power ON/OFF button
9.Enter modify sorting value mode button
10.APO (Auto power off) button
11.Modify sorting value ( ) button
12.Confirm and select the value user need to modify in sorting
mode
13.Parallel or Series measurement method selection and the
modify sorting value ( △) button
14. Hold Display mode button
15.Back light button
16.Input sockets (banana jack inputs) and terminals for positive,
negative, and guard (see “Guard Terminal” in “SUPPLEMENTAL
INFORMATION” section for details)
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
35
5. Powering Instrument
Before beginning to operate the instrument, a power source is necessary for it to
turn on. Installing Battery
5-1 Installing Battery
The LCR meter use battery to provide power to the instrument so that it can be
portable. It use six standard 1.5V size batteries.
• Place the meter upside down. Open up the back-flip stand, and
locate the screw that tightens the battery compartment cover.
Use a screwdriver to unscrew and remove the cover.
• Insert six 1.5V batteries into compartment. Note the positive
(+) and negative (-) terminals as indicated inside the battery
compartment. Be sure to insert the battery with matching
polarity.
• Place the battery compartment cover piece. Place screw at the
bottom of the cover piece and tighten down with a screw driver.
• Push and hold down the button for 2 seconds to turn on
the instrument.
5-2 Low Battery Indication
The LCR meter has a battery indicator to notify the user when to replace
battery. When it displays ,the battery voltage is below normal working
voltage. In this case,accuracy of the meter will also decrease. It is recommended
that the battery be replaced as soon as possible before continuing operation.See
"Installing Battery" for instructions.
6. Operation Instructions
Push key function allowed to be active will be marked as "◆"
Keypads FUNC HOLD DqθS/P BKLIT SORT FREQ REL%
AUTOLCR ◆◆◆◆
L ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
C ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
ACR ◆◆
◆◆◆◆◆
DCR ◆◆◆◆◆
• Power ON/OFF
When LCR power on,all of the LCD segments will be ON for 2 seconds. Then the
default initialization process will be started. The default mode is AUTOLCR smart
mode and the default test frequency is 1 kHz.When the PWR_KEY is pushed
during power-on mode,the meter will enter power-off mode.The LCD will show the
"OFF" state before the whole system enters the power off status.
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
3
• Auto power off
In order to extend the battery life, except of using external power supply, APO
feature will be helpful. It can be enabled or disabled APO function by press the
APO button and the LCD will show whether the function is enable or not. When all
function keypads do not be pushed or impedance range switching detected within
5 minutes, the system will launch the alarm buzzer beep at three times before the
auto power-off status. During the period of alarm, the meter will be kept in
operation by pushing any function key again. If any key is not in operation further,
the system power will be off.
• Buzzer
If the function keypad available is pushed,the buzzer output beeps once.If the
function keypad not available is pushed,the buzzer beeps twice.
• Backlight
When user push the button, the backlight will be active. Push the key
again to disable the backlight. When the backlight is active to last for 60 seconds,
the backlight will be disabled automatically.
• Battery detect
The meter will detect the battery multi-level voltages periodically. The LCD
indicators of battery life will be disappeared according to the decreasing of battery
voltage.
• Primary impedance with secondary parameter test mode
When AUTO/L/C/R function selection key is pushed, the main test mode
could be selected sequentially: Auto-LCR mode→Auto-L mode→Auto-C
mode→Auto-R mode→DCR mode→Auto-LCR mode. The default test mode is
Auto LCR mode which could check the type of impedance smartly and enter to the
L/C/R measurement mode automatically. The secondary parameter will follow the
L/C/R measurement. It means that (L + Q) , (C+D)2,(R+Q)2 are combined in one
group respectively. When Auto-L or Auto-C mode is selected, the impedance
measurement is auto ranging. The primary LCD display will show the inductance
or capacitance of DUT (device under test). The secondary LCD display will show
the quality or dissipation factor. The D/Q/θ/ESR value can also be shown by
pressing the button. When Auto-R(ACR mode) or DCR mode is selected, the
secondary parameter is omitted.
Note: When Auto-LCR mode is active, the secondary parameter will show the
equivalent resistance in parallel mode (Rp) to replace the D factor if the C
measured value of DUT is less than 5pF.
Note: Auto-LCR mode only. During Auto-R mode or DCR mode, the secondary
parameter is not available.
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
37
• Series/Parallel mode select
The LCR meter offers the option to select between parallel or series measurement
mode. Depending on which mode is selected, the method to measure the
component will be different.
Additionally, one measurement mode may provide better accuracies over the
other measurement mode depending on the type of component and the value of
the component to be tested.
For more details, refer to the “SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION”
section.When any L/C/R functional mode is selected, the default measurement in
series or parallel mode is auto selected and the AUTO segment will be shown on
LCD display. It depends on the total equivalent impedance measured. If the
impedance is larger than 10kΩ, parallel mode is set and Lp/Cp/Rp is shown on the
display. If it is less than 10kΩ, series mode is set and Ls/Cs/Rs is shown on the
display. When the button is pressed, the impedance measurement will be set in
series mode or in parallel mode sequentially. The LCD indicators for
LS/LP/CS/CP/RS/RP symbols will be indicated by related LCR measurement
mode setting.
• Hold mode
The data hold function allows the user to freeze the display when pressed, holding
the measured value until data hold is turned off.
Turn On Data Hold
To use data hold, press the button once. The "HOLD" indicator will display on
the screen when data hold is active.
Turn Off Data Hold
To disable the data hold, press again.The "HOLD" indicator will disappear on
the screen, and meter will remain in normal operation mode.
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
38
• Relative mode
Press the button reserve the current DUT readings (DCUR) on primary
display as a reference value (DREF) and the "∆" indicator will be active . The
secondary display will show the percentage of relative value REL%. The REL% =
(DCUR – DREF) / DREF * 100%. Press the button again to show the
reference value DREF on primary display and the "∆" segment will be blinking.
The percentage range is -99.9%~99.9%. When the relative value is larger than
double of reference value (DREF), the "OL%"indication will be shown on the
secondary display. Press and hold down the button for 2 seconds to exit the
relative mode.
• Calibration mode
In order to improve the accuracy of high/low impedance, it is recommended to do
OPEN/SHORT calibration mode before measurement. Press and hold down the
button for 2 seconds to enter calibration mode. The calibration procedure:
OPEN ready1→→OPEN calibration(30s)→→SHORT ready2 →
→SHORT calibration(30s) . During open or short calibration processing, the 30-
second count downwill be shown on LCD panels. If the calibration procedure is
finished, the PASS or FAIL symbol will shown on the primary display. If PASS
symbol for both OPEN and SHORT modes, the calibration data will be saved after
push CAL key again.
OPEN ready means the input sockets or terminals have nothing connected
SHORT ready means put a shorting bar or a short piece of conductive metal (i.e.
paper clip) across the "+" and "-" input sockets or terminals.
Figure 3-Open Calibration (left) and Short Calibration (right)
• Sorting mode
The sorting mode could help the user to make a quick sort for a bunch of
components. Select the primary measurement mode (L/C/R) based on the type of
components to be measured. Insert the component to be used as the "standard"
reference value. Another words, insert a known "good" component that will be
used for testing against all other components. Press button to enter to the
sorting mode.The sorting mode cannot be activated unless the meter senses a
component is connected to either the input sockets or terminals.When sorting
mode is activated,the reference value,range and the tolerance settings can be
modified.
The setting process:
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
39
→range setting(use / )→→reference value setting (use / /
/ )→→tolerance setting(use / )→sorting mode
The tolerance range setting selection: +0.25%→+0.5%→+1% →+2%→+5%→
+10%→+20%→+80%-20%. The default tolerance is +1%.
In the sorting mode,the primary display to show PASS or FAIL status depends on
whether the impedance measured exceeds tolerance range.The current
measurement result will be shown on the secondary display. Press the button
to exit this mode.
WARNING: If the component to be measured is a capacitor, be sure that the
capacitor is fully discharged BEFORE inserting it into the input sockets or
terminals. For large capacitors, it may take longer periods of time for a full
discharge. Inserting a charged or partially charged capacitor into the meter’s input
sockets or terminals may produce an electric hazard and may also damage the
instrument, making it unusable.
• Test Frequency Select
When the button is pressed, the test frequency will be changed sequentially.
There are five different test frequencies (100Hz/120Hz/1kHz/10kHz/100kHz) can
be selected. The test frequency can affect the accuracy of the results depending
on what frequency is selected and what type and value of a component is being
measured or tested. For details on selecting the optimal test frequency for
measurement, refer to the " SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION " section.
7. Specifications
Notes:
• Measurement performed at the test socket.
• Measurements performed after correct open and short calibration.
• DUT and test leads must be properly shielded to guard if necessary.
• Q value is the reciprocal of DF.
• Accuracies based within 10% to 100% of full scale of range;
values outside of range should be used as reference only.
• — means parallel or series measurement mode.
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
40
Inductance @ Ta =18 ~ 28 OC(De)
Frequency = 100 Hz/120 Hz
Range Resolution LxAccuracy DF Accuracy Measurement Mode
20.000mH 1uH 1.5%±10d 1.5%±50d Series
200.00mH 0.01mH 1.4%±15d 1.4%±50d Series
2000.0mH 0.1mH 1.5%±15d 1.5%±50d Series
20.000H 1mH 1.6%±10d 1.6%±50d ---
200.00H 0.01H 1.3%±10d 1.3%±50d Parallel
2000.0H 0.1H 2.0%±15d 2.0%±50d Parallel
20.000kH 0.001kH 2.5%±15d 2.5%±0d Parallel
Frequency = 1kHz
Range Resolution Lx Accuracy DF Accuracy Measurement Mode
2000.0uH 0.1uH 1.3%±10d 1.3%±50d Series
20.000mH 1uH 1.2%±10d 1.2%±50d Series
200.00mH 0.01mH 1.2%±10d 1.2%±50d Series
2000.0mH 0.1mH 1.5%±15d 1.5%±50d ---
20.000H 1mH 1.5%±15d 1.5%±50d Parallel
200.00H 0.01H 2.0%±10d 2.0%±50d Parallel
2000.0H 0.1H 2.5%±15d 2.5%±50d Parallel
Frequency = 10kHz
Range Resolution Lx Accuracy DF Accuracy Measurement Mode
200.00uH 0.01uH 1.8%±10d 1.8%±50d Series
2000.0uH 0.1uH 1.5%±10d 1.5%±50d Series
20.000mH 1uH 1.2%±10d 1.2%±50d Series
200.00mH 0.01mH 1.5%±15d 1.5%±50d ---
2000.0mH 0.1mH 2.0%±10d 2.0%±50d Parallel
20.000H 1mH 2.5%±15d 2.5%±50d Parallel
Frequency = 100kHz
Range Resolution Lx Accuracy DF Accuracy Measurement Mode
20.000uH 0.001uH 2.5%±10d 2.5%±50d Series
200.00uH 0.01uH 1.5%±10d 1.5%±50d Series
2000.0uH 0.1uH 1.3%±15d 1.3%±50d Series
20.000mH 1uH 2.0%±15d 2.0%±50d Parallel
200.00mH 0.01mH 2.5%±15d 2.5%±50d Parallel
Capacitance @ Ta =18 ~ 28OC (De)
Frequency = 100 Hz/120 Hz
Range Resolution Cx Accuracy DF Accuracy Measurement Mode
20.000nF 1pF 2.5%±10d 2.5%±50d Parallel
200.00nF 0.01nF 1.2%±10d 1.2%±50d ---
2000.0nF 0.1nF 0.9%±10d 0.9%±50d ---
20.000uF 1nF 1.0%±15d 1.0%±50d Series
200.00uF 0.01uF 1.2%±10d 1.2%±50d Series
2000.0uF 0.1uF 2.5%±10d 2.5%±50d Series
20.00mF 0.01mF 5.0%±10d 5.0%±50d Series
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
41
Frequency = 1kHz
Range Resolution Cx Accuracy DF Accuracy Measurement Mode
2000.0pF 0.1pF 3.5%±15d 3.5%±50d Parallel
20.000nF 1pF 1.0%±10d 1.0%±50d ---
200.00nF 0.01nF 0.9%±10d 0.9%±50d ---
2000.0nF 0.1nF 1.0%±10d 1.0%±50d Series
20.000uF 1nF 1.2%±15d 1.2%±50d Series
200.00uF 0.01uF 2.5%±10d 2.5%±50d Series
2000uF 1uF 4%±20d 4%±50d Series
Frequency = 10kHz
Range Resolution Cx Accuracy DF Accuracy Measurement Mode
200.00pF 0.01pF 3.0%±8d 3.0%±50d Parallel
2000.0pF 0.1pF 1.0%±10d 1.0%±50d ---
20.000nF 1pF 0.9%±10d 0.9%±50d ---
200.00nF 0.01nF 0.8%±10d 0.8%±50d Series
2000.0nF 0.1nF 1.0%±8d 1.0%±50d Series
20.000uF 1nF 2.0%±8d 2.0%±50d Series
200.0uF 0.1uF 4.5%±15d 4.5%±50d Series
Frequency = 100kHz
Range Resolution CxAccuracy
DF Accuracy Measurement Mode
200.00pF 0.01pF 2.5%±15d 2.5%±50d Parallel
2000.0pF 0.1pF 1.0%±8d 1.0%±50d Parallel
20.000nF 1pF 1.8%±8d 1.8%±50d Parallel
200.00nF 0.01nF 1.5%±10d 1.5%±50d Series
2000.0nF 0.1nF 2.5%±15d 2.5%±50d Series
Resistance @ Ta =18 ~ 28OC(De)
Frequency = 100 Hz/120 Hz
Range Resolution RxAccuracy Measurement Mode
200.00Ω0.01Ω1.2%±10d ---
2.0000kΩ0.1Ω0.8%±5d ---
20.000kΩ1Ω0.9%±5d ---
200.00kΩ0.01kΩ0.7%±3d ---
2.0000MΩ0.1kΩ1.0%±5d ---
20.000MΩ1kΩ2.2%±10d ---
200.0MΩ0.1MΩ2.5%±10d —
Frequency = 1kHz
Range Resolution RxAccuracy Measurement Mode
20.000Ω1mΩ1.2%±10d ---
200.00Ω0.01Ω0.8%±5d ---
2.0000kΩ0.1Ω0.8%±3d ---
20.000kΩ1Ω0.7%±3d ---
200.00kΩ0.01kΩ1.0%±5d ---
2.0000MΩ0.1kΩ1.5%±10d ---
20.000MΩ1kΩ1.8%±10d ---
200.0MΩ0.1MΩ6.0%±50d —
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
42
Frequency = 10kHz
Range Resolution RxAccuracy Measurement Mode
20.000Ω1mΩ1.5%±10d ---
200.00Ω0.01Ω0.8%±10d ---
2.0000kΩ0.1Ω0.9%±5d ---
20.000kΩ1Ω0.8%±3d ---
200.00kΩ0.01kΩ1.0%±5d ---
2.0000MΩ0.1kΩ2.5%±10d ---
20.00MΩ0.01MΩ2.8%10d —
Frequency = 100kHz
Range Resolution RxAccuracy Measurement Mode
20.000Ω1mΩ2.3%±10d ---
200.00Ω0.01Ω1.5%±5d ---
2.0000kΩ0.1Ω0.8%±20d ---
20.000kΩ1Ω0.8%±20d ---
200.00kΩ0.01kΩ1.5%±10d ---
2.000MΩ1kΩ2.5%±30d —
DC Resistance @ Ta =18 ~ 28OC (De)
Frequency = 100Hz/120Hz/1kHz/10kHz/100KHz
Range Resolution RxAccuracy Measurement Mode
200.00Ω±0.01Ω1.8%±10d ---
2.0000kΩ±0.1Ω0.6%±20d ---
20.000kΩ±1Ω0.6%±10d ---
200.00kΩ±0.01kΩ0.5%±3d ---
2.0000MΩ±0.1kΩ1.5%±5d ---
20.000MΩ±1kΩ2.0%±5d ---
200.0MΩ±0.1MΩ2.5%±5d —
D value Accuracy @ Ta =18 ~ 28OC(De)
Freq. / Z 0.1- 1Ω1–10Ω10–100kΩ100k–1MΩ1M–
20ΜΩ 20Μ−200M Ω
100/120H
z ±0.030 ±0.010 ±0.009 ±0.010 ±0.020 ±0.040
1kHz ±0.030 ±0.010 ±0.009 ±0.010 ±0.020 ±0.090
10kHz ±0.030 ±0.010 ±0.009 ±0.009 ±0.010 ±0.040
100kHz ±0.040 ±0.030 ±0.010 ±0.010 ±0.020 ±0.040
D value Accuracy @ Ta =18 ~ 28OC (De)
Freq. / Z 0.1- 1Ω1 –
10Ω10 – 100kΩ100k 1M 20Μ−200M Ω
100/120H
z ±0.65° ±0.36° ±0.23° ±0.45° ±0.65° ±1.35°
1kHz ±0.65° ±0.36° ±0.23° ±0.45° ±0.65° ±3.63°
10kHz ±0.65° ±0.36° ±0.23° ±0.45° ±1.35° N/A
100kHz ±1.27° ±0.65° ±0.49° ±0.65° ±1.35° 20Μ−200M
Ω
8. Supplemental Information
This section provides supplemental information for user consideration when
operating the LCR meters.Some recommendations and explanations are provided
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
43
to help aid in the use of some functions and features,in which can help the user
gain optimal and accurate measurement results.
8-1 Selecting Test Frequency
Test frequency can greatly affect the results of measurement reading,especially
when measuring inductors and capacitors. This section provides some
recommendations and suggestions to consider.
Capacitance
When measuring capacitance selecting, the right frequency is important in
obtaining the most accurate measurement results. Generally,a 1 kHz test
frequency is used to measure capacitors that are 0.01 µF or smaller. For
capacitors that are 10 µF or larger, a lower frequency of 120 Hz is used. Following
this trend,high test frequencies are best for testing very low capacitance
components. For large capacitance components, low frequency would be optimal.
For example, if the capacitance of the component is to be in the mF range, than
selecting 100 Hz or 120 Hz for test frequency would give much better results. The
results will also be obvious because if the same component was tested with 1 kHz
or 10 kHz, the measured readings may look erroneous on the display. In all cases,
it is best to check with the manufacturer’s data sheet in order to determine the
best test frequency to use for measurement.
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
44
Inductance
Typically,a 1 kHz test frequency is used to measure inductors that are used in
audio and RF circuits.This is because these components operate at higher
frequencies and require that they be measured at higher frequencies such as 1
kHz or 10 kHz. However,a 120 Hz test signal is used to measure inductors that
are used for applications such as filter chokes in power supplies, in which are
typically operated at 60 Hz AC (in U.S.) with 120 Hz filter frequencies. In general,
inductors below 2 mH should be measured at 1 kHz frequency while inductors
above 200 H should be measured at 120 Hz. In all cases, it is best to check with
the manufacturer’s data sheet in order to determine the best test frequency to use
for measurement.
8-2 Selecting Series or Parallel Mode
Just as test frequency can greatly affect measurement results, selecting between
series or parallel measurement mode can also affect the accuracy of the
meter,especially for capacitive and inductive components.Below are some
recommendations to consider.
Capacitance
For most capacitance measurement,selecting parallel mode is the best.Most
capacitors have very low dissipation factor (high internal resistance) compared to
the impedance of the capacitance. In these cases,the paralleled internal
resistance has negligible impact upon the measurement. Though in some
cases,series mode would be preferred. For instance, measuring a large capacitor
would require using series mode for optimal reading. Otherwise, the meter may
show the reading results as out of accuracy or erroneous. Series mode is use
because large capacitors often have higher dissipation factor and lower internal
resistance.
Inductance
For most inductance measurement, selecting series mode is the best. This is
because in this mode, accurate Q (quality factor) reading can be obtained from
reading low Q inductors and ohmic losses are significant. Though in some cases,
parallel mode would be preferred. For example, iron core inductors operating at
higher frequencies where hysteresis and eddy currents become significant would
require measurement in parallel mode for optimal results.
8-3 Accuracy Discrepancies
In some special cases, inaccuracies may occur in the measurement of capacitive,
inductive, and resistive components.
Capacitance
When measuring capacitors, it is always most desirable if the dissipation factor is
low. Electrolytic capacitors inherently have a higher dissipation factor due to their
normally high internal leakage characteristics. In some cases, if the D (dissipation
factor) is excessive,measurement accuracy may degrade and even read out of
specification.
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie

Elma 6400
45
Inductance
Some inductors are intended to operate at a certain DC bias to achieve a certain
inductance value.However,the LCR meters cannot produce such biasing scheme
and external biasing should not be attempted because external power would be
applied to the instrument and cause serious damage to the meter. Therefore, in
some cases, measured inductance reading may not agree with manufacturer’s
specification. It is important to check if specification pertains to DC biasing or not.
Resistance
When measuring resistance of devices, it is important to know that there are two
types or ways of measurement. One type is DC resistance measurement. Another
type is AC resistance measurement. The LCR meter provide both of types for
measurement. When measuring a resistive component that is designed to be
measured with DC, readings will be incorrect or inaccurate.Before using the meter
to measure resistance, please verify whether the DUT (device under test) requires
DC or AC resistance measurement method. Depending on the method,results will
vary greatly.
8-4 Guard Terminal
One of the input sockets and terminals is labeled as "GUARD". This terminal does
not have to be used in all instances for the meter to make measurements.But in
some instances, it is very useful. Guard terminal generally serves two purposes. If
user is using test leads, the guard terminal can be used to connect to the shielding
of the test leads. Doing so can be useful when making large resistive component
measurements. For example, when measuring a 10 MΩresistor with test leads, at
the high range the reading may seem to be unstable as a few digits may
continuously be changing. Having the shield of the test leads connected to the
guard terminal will help stabilize the reading in some instances. Guard terminal is
also used to minimize noise and to help minimize parasitic effects coming from the
component to be measured, thus allowing high precision results.
www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie
Elso Philips Service
Jilemnického 2; 911 01 Trenčín
tel: [phone]
fax: [phone]
email: [email protected]
web: www.elso.sk
riešenia na presné meranie