Kongsberg Seatex RADius 1000 Parts list manual

RADius
Technical Description
Issued: 2006-11-20

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Notice
•All rights reserved. Reproduction of any of this manual in any form whatsoever without
prior written permission from Kongsberg Seatex AS is forbidden.
•The content of this manual is subject to change without notice.
•All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this manual.
However, should any errors be detected, Kongsberg Seatex AS would greatly appreciate
being informed of them.
•The above notwithstanding, Kongsberg Seatex AS can assume no responsibility for any
errors in this manual or their consequences.
Copyright 2006 by Kongsberg Seatex AS. All rights reserved.
Kongsberg Seatex AS
Pirsenteret, N-7462 Trondheim, Norway
Telephone: [phone]
Facsimile: [phone]
Duty phone: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
www.km.kongsberg.com/seatex

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Revision log
Document ID Rev. Date Reason for revision Approved
(sign)
Man_techn_RADiu
s1000_r0
0 20-11-2006 First version. HR

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VII
Table of contents
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 About this manual .......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 References ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms ....................................................................... 1
1.3.1 Definitions .......................................................................................................... 1
1.3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms .............................................................................. 2
2. HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY................................................................... 3
3. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................... 5
3.1 The product..................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Design principles............................................................................................................ 6
3.2.1 Distance and bearing determination ................................................................... 7
3.3 System components........................................................................................................ 9
3.3.1 Interrogator Unit ............................................................................................... 10
3.3.2 Controller Unit.................................................................................................. 11
3.3.2.1 Processing Unit................................................................................... 11
3.3.2.2 Power/connection shelf ...................................................................... 12
3.3.2.3 Keyboard/mouse................................................................................. 13
3.3.3 Transponder ...................................................................................................... 13
3.3.3.1 RADius 600 High Gain Transponder ................................................. 14
3.3.3.2 RADius 500 Low Power Transponder ............................................... 14
Index ........................................................................................................................................ 15

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List of illustrations
Figure 1 Illustration of position accuracy as a function of distance ....................................... 5
Figure 2 A typical scenario where a vessel operates close to a high structure....................... 5
Figure 3 Relative distance and bearing .................................................................................... 7
Figure 4 RADius principle ....................................................................................................... 7
Figure 5 RADius operation modes........................................................................................... 8
Figure 6 RADius 1000 system.................................................................................................. 9
Figure 7 Interrogator front view............................................................................................. 10
Figure 8 Interrogator rear view............................................................................................. 10
Figure 9 Front panel of the Processing Unit .......................................................................... 11
Figure 10 Rear panel of the Processing Unit ......................................................................... 12
Figure 11 Rear view of the power/connection shelf............................................................... 13
Figure 12 RADius transponder.............................................................................................. 13
Figure 13 Recommended transponder placement on a production vessel ............................ 14

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Seatex RADius 1000 Technical Description, rev. 0 Introduction
1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 About this manual
The purpose of this manual is to describe the technical principles applied in the design of the
RADius 1000 system.
This manual is organised into the following chapters:
Chapter 1 Introduction - A brief overview of this manual with references and
abbreviations.
Chapter 2 Deals with Health, Environment and Safety issues.
Chapter 3 Contains the technical description.
In this manual the following notations are used:
WARNING! Used when it is necessary to warn personnel that a risk of injury
or death exists if care is not exercised.
Caution! Used to warn the reader that a risk of damage to the equipment exists if
care is not exercised.
Note! Used to draw the reader's attention to a comment or some important
information.
1.2 References
[1] RADius 1000 User's Manual
[2] RADius 1000 Installation Manual
1.3 Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms
1.3.1 Definitions
Interrogator The actual radar module measuring distance and bearing to
one or more transponders. Mounted on the DP vessel.
Transponder The radar reflector. Mounted on the remote object/vessel.

Seatex RADius 1000 Technical Description, rev. 0 Introduction
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1.3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms
AC Alternating Current
CU Controller Unit
DP Dynamic Positioning
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
FM-CW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
GPS Global Positioning System
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IMO International Maritime Organisation
IU Interrogator Unit
LAN Local Area Network
MRU Motion Reference Unit
PPS Pulse-Per-Second
PU Processing Unit
RADius
TID Transponder Identity
VDU Video Display Unit
VGA Video Graphic Adapter
WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Seatex RADius 1000 Technical Description, rev. 0 Health, Environment and Safety
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2. HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY
Operation or troubleshooting of RADius equipment will not imply any risk for high voltages,
explosions or exposure to gas. The RADius 1000 complies with IEC 60950/EN60950
standards regarding product safety (low voltage) and IEC 60945/EN60945 standards on
electromagnetic compatibility (immunity/radiation) and vibration.
WARNING! The RADius 500 contains a lithium battery inside the equipment
housing. The battery is completely covered by the transponder
housing and is watertight. Unless severe damage is made to the
housing there is no risk of explosion or fire.
To avoid possible fire, explosion, leakage or burn hazard do not
open the sealed unit. Do not attempt to recharge, disassemble,
heat above +75°C/167 F or incinerate.
Caution! The RADius 500 battery cannot be recharged and an attempt to do so
could result in a hazard. (Battery terminals are not accessible unless the
cover is destroyed or removed).
Note! RF Exposure: The RADius must be mounted with a separation
distance of at least 20 cm from any humans.
Disposal
All RADius electrical and electronic components have to be disposed separately from the
municipal waste stream via designated collection facilities appointed by the government or
local authorities. The correct disposal and separate collection of your old appliance will help
preventing potential negative consequences for the environment and human health. It is a
precondition for reuse and recycling of used electrical and electronic equipment. For more
detailed information about disposal of your old appliance, please contact your local
authorities or waste disposal service.
Until further notice is given regarding reuse, disassembly or disposal, the equipment at end-
of-life, could be returned to Kongsberg Seatex AS if there is no local WEEE collection.
The equipment is marked with the following pictogram.

Seatex RADius 1000 Technical Description, rev. 0 Health, Environment and Safety
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Kongsberg Seatex RADius Technical description, rev 0
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3. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
3.1 The product
RADius (patent pending) represents a completely new way of utilising radar principles in
short range and direction monitoring. RADius is mainly meant to be used in operations where
increased safety is crucial. The system could typically be used to control or assist automatic
dynamic positioning (DP) of a vessel.
The RADius system is designed to operate close by structures and other vessels. The use of
identifiable transponders minimizes the risk of tracking false radar echoes.
Figure 1 Illustration of position accuracy as a function of distance
As shown in Figure 1, DGPS and RADius have complementary characteristics when closing
up to large structures. The DGPS systems will suffer from limited view of the sky, resulting in
degraded GPS availability. This can be crucial when the GPS constellation is at its minimum
and the most important satellite disappears behind the structure. The RADius system
increases its performance as it moves closer to the transponders located on the structure.
Figure 2 A typical scenario where a vessel operates close to a high structure
100 200 300
DGPS
RADius
1
10
100
Distanc
Distanc

Kongsberg Seatex RADius Technical description, rev 0
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Innovative technology
The implementation is fully solid state and based on measuring reflected signals from a
number of transponders who represent targets in the nearby area. Each reflected signal is
mixed with a unique ID in order to separate different transponders from each other. Advanced
signal processing allows simultaneous and continuous measurements from up to five
transponders. RADius is designed for multiple vessels utilizing the same transponders
simultaneously.
Advanced principles
One or more Interrogator Units are located at the manoeuvring vessel and one or more
transponders are attached to different points at the remote object. Signal processing will
effectively remove possible interference with other transmitting devices in the same
frequency band. Application software makes configuration and monitoring of the RADius
operation easy and effective. Interfaces to remote systems are provided through serial lines.
RADius is designed to fill the need specified by IMO for DP Class 2 vessels.
Operational features
RADius is capable of detecting and measuring the distance to transponders within the range
of up to 1000 metres. The angle between the Interrogator and each transponder is determined
by the use of interferometric methods. RADius is delivered with an easy-to-use graphical user
interface.
3.2 Design principles
The RADius product is a high precision reference and tracking system, utilising low power
FM-CW radar principles. The system may include a number of Interrogators and
transponders. The Interrogator is used to read the individual distance and direction to a
number of transponders by means of microwaves.
The Interrogator includes a transmitter unit, a receiver unit and a pre-processor unit. The
Interrogator communicates with the Processing Unit through an Ethernet link
Each transponder includes antennas, a side band oscillator and a voltage source. The
transponder generates sub-carriers at individual frequencies for identification. The RADius
500 low power transponder is powered by a battery. The RADius 600 high gain transponder
is permanently connected to 6 VDC.

Kongsberg Seatex RADius Technical description, rev 0
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3.2.1 Distance and bearing determination
Figure 3 Relative distance and bearing
The RADius Interrogator measures distance and bearing to the transponders. It can operate on
one transponder alone or up to five simultaneously. The ability to track several transponders
simultaneously increases the integrity capability and the robustness of the system.
Figure 4 RADius principle
Interrogator
Transponder #1
bearing
Transponder #3
Transponder #2
distance
Distance = ½ • Fb/Fs• Ts • c
Velocity = ½ • D • L
Transmitted signal
time
frequency
Transponder
Reflected signal
time
frequency
F
b
– beat frequency

Kongsberg Seatex RADius Technical description, rev 0
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RADius measures range based on the FM-CW radar principles. It sweeps the frequency
transmitted and mixes the transmitted signal with the received signal. The transmitted signal
has changed frequency during the flight time of the received signal and it is the difference
between the transmitted frequency and the received frequency that is measured. This
frequency difference is proportional to twice the distance to the transponder.
Figure 5 RADius operation modes
The RADius characteristics are determined from the measuring principles. This leads to
different performance at different ranges. The accuracy is best at close range. Between 10 -
200 metres is optimal accuracy is acquired. Between 200 - 500 metres distance and bearing is
measured but the accuracy is degraded due to the nature of angle measurements. Beyond 500
metres, the system acquires the transponders but only with range measurements. These can be
used to verify the functionality of the system (typically prior to entering 500-metre safety
zone).
High precision
range Tracking range Acquisition range
200m 500m 1000m
10m
Limited bearing
accuracy
Distance onlyAccuracy:
Bearing < 0.5º
Distance < 0.5 m

Kongsberg Seatex RADius Technical description, rev 0
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3.3 System components
The RADius 1000 system comprises two main parts, which are physically separated. These
are:
•Interrogator Unit
•Controller Unit/Processing Unit (CU)
In addition there are:
•One or more transponders
•VDU
•Power cables
•Signal and power cables between the Processing Unit and the Interrogator Unit
•Documentation
Figure 6 RADius 1000 system

Kongsberg Seatex RADius Technical description, rev 0
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3.3.1 Interrogator Unit
The Interrogator is a sealed unit which consists of a transmitter, a receiver and pre-processing
modules. The power is supplied from the power/connection shelf in the CU. The ON/OFF
switch is located on the right-hand side on the power/connection shelf, rear view.
The Interrogator is only to be opened by qualified Kongsberg Seatex personnel.
Figure 7 Interrogator front view
Figure 8 Interrogator rear view