HP 7700 Series User manual

HP 64146
7700 Series Emulator
Softkey Interface
User’s Guide
HP Part No. 64146-97005
Printed in U.S.A.
February 1994
Edition 2

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Printing History New editions are complete revisions of the manual. The date on the
title page changes only when a new edition is published.
A software code may be printed before the date; this indicates the
version level of the software product at the time the manual was issued.
Many product updates and fixes do not require manual changes, and
manual corrections may be done without accompanying product
changes. Therefore, do not expect a one-to-one correspondence
between product updates and manual revisions.
Edition 1 64146-97002, August 1992
Edition 1 64146-97005, February 1994

Using This Manual
This manual introduces you to the HP 64146A/B 7700 Series Emulator
as used with the Softkey Interface.
This manual:
Shows you how to use emulation commands by executing
them on a sample program and describing their results.
Shows you how to use the emulator in-circuit (connected to a
target system).
Shows you how to configure the emulator for your
development needs. Topics include: restricting the emulator
to real-time execution, selecting a target system clock source.
This manual does not:
Show you how to use every Softkey Interface command and
option; the Softkey Interface is described in theSoftkey
Interface Reference.
For the most part, the HP 64146A and HP 64146B emulators all
operate the same way. Differences of between the emulators are
described where they exist. Both the HP 64146A and HP 64146B
emulators will be referred to as the "HP 64146A/B 7700 Series
emulator" or "7700 Series emulator". In the specific instances where
HP 64146B emulator differs from HP 64146A emulator, it will be
described as "HP 64146B emulator".

Organization
Chapter 1 Introduction to the 7700 Series Emulator. This chapter briefly
introduces you to the concept of emulation and lists the basic features
of the 7700 Series emulator.
Chapter 2 Getting Started. This chapter shows you how to use emulation
commands by executing them on a sample program. This chapter
describes the sample program and how to: load programs into the
emulator, map memory, display and modify memory, display registers,
step through programs, run programs, set software breakpoints, search
memory for data, and use the analyzer.
Chapter 3 "In-Circuit" Emulation. This chapter shows you how to install the
emulator probe into a target system and how to use the "in-circuit"
emulation features.
Chapter 4 Configuring the Emulator. This chapter shows you how to restrict the
emulator to real-time execution, select a target system clock source,
allow background cycles to be seen by the target system.
Chapter 5 Using the Emulator. This chapter describes emulation topics which are
not covered in the "Getting Started" chapter.
Appendix A Using the Foreground Monitor. This appendix describes the
advantages and disadvantages of foreground and background monitors
and how to use foreground monitors.
Appendix B Using the Format Converter. This appendix describes the usage of the
file format converter.

Conventions Example commands throughout the manual use the following
conventions:
bold Commands, options, and parts of command syntax.
bold italic Commands, options, and parts of command syntax
which may be entered by pressing softkeys.
normal User specified parts of a command.
$ Represents the HP-UX prompt. Commands which
follow the "$" are entered at the HP-UX prompt.
<RETURN> The carriage return key.

Notes

Contents
1 Introduction to the 7700 Series Emulator
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Purpose of the 7700 Series Emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Supported Microprocessors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Features of the 7700 Series Emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Clock Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Emulation memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Foreground or Background Emulation Monitor . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Register Display and Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Single-Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Real Time Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Coverage Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Reset Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Watch Dog Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Limitations, Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Access to Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Trace Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
DMA Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Watch Dog Timer in Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Step Command with Foreground Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Step Command and Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Emulation Commands in Stop/Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Stack Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
2 Getting Started
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
A Look at the Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Sample Program Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Linking the Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Generate HP Absolute file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Contents-1

Entering the Softkey Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
From the "pmon" User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
From the HP-UX Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
On-Line Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Softkey Driven Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Pod Command Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Configuring the Emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Loading Absolute Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Displaying Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Displaying Memory in Mnemonic Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Displaying Memory with Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Running the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Displaying Memory in Blocked Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Modifying Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
Breaking into the Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
Using Software Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
Enabling/Disabling Software Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Setting a Software Breakpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Clearing a Software Breakpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
Stepping Through the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Displaying Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Using the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
Specifying a Simple Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
Displaying the Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
Displaying Trace with Time Count Absolute . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
Changing the Trace Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
Using the Storage Qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
7700 Series Analysis Status Qualifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
Restriction of the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
Trace of Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
For a Complete Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
Exiting the Softkey Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
End Release System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
Ending to Continue Later . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
Ending Locked from All Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
Selecting the Measurement System Display or Another Module 2-32
3 "In-Circuit" Emulation
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
2-Contents

Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Installing the Target System Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
In-Circuit Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
4 Configuring the Emulator
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
General Emulator Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Micro-processor clock source? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Enter monitor after configuration? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Restrict to real-time runs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Emulator Reconfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Micro-processor group? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Processor mode? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Modify value for Stack Pointer (SP)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Memory Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Is speed of input clock faster than
16 MHz? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Monitor type? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Mapping memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Emulator Pod Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Target memory access size? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Respond to target system interrupts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Enable watchdog timer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Debug/Trace Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Break processor on write to ROM? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Trace background or foreground operation? . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Trace refresh cycles by emulation analyzer? . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Trace DMA cycles by emulation analyzer? . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Trace HOLD/HLDA cycles by emulation analyzer? . . . . . . 4-19
Replace 16-bit addresses with symbolic references? . . . . . . 4-20
Simulated I/O Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
Interactive Measurement Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
External Analyzer Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
Saving a Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
Loading a Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
5 Using the Emulator
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Internal RAM and SFR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Loading the Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Contents-3

Running the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Features Available via Pod Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Debugging C Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Displaying Memory with C Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Displaying Trace with C Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Stepping C Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Displaying Memory in Various Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Using a Command File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Storing Memory Contents to an Absolute File . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Coordinated Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Limitations, Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Access to Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Trace Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
DMA Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Watch Dog Timer in Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Step Command with Foreground Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Step Command and Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Emulation Commands in Stop/Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Stack Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
A Using the Foreground Monitor
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Comparison of Foreground and Background Monitors . . . . . . . A-1
Background Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
Foreground Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
An Example Using the Foreground Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Assemble and Link the Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Modifying Location Declaration Statement . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Modifying the Emulator Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
Load the Program Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Running User Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Limitations of Foreground Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Step Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Synchronized Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
B Using the Format Converter
How to Use the Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
4-Contents

Illustrations
Figure 1-1. HP 64146 Emulator for MELPS 7700 Series . . . . . . 1-2
Figure 2-1. Connecting the Emulation Pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Figure 2-2. Sample Program Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Figure 2-3. Linkage Editor Command File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Figure 2-4. Softkey Interface Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Figure 4-1. Chip Group and Type for Configuration . . . . . . . . 4-7
Tables
Table 1-1. Supported Microprocessors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Table 2-1. Chip Group and Chip Type for Configuration . . . . . 2-13
Contents-5

Notes
6-Contents

1
Introduction to the 7700 Series Emulator
Introduction The topics in this chapter include:
Purpose of the 7700 Series Emulator
Features of the 7700 Series Emulator
Purpose of the
7700 Series
Emulator
The HP 64146A/B 7700 Series Emulator is designed to replace the
MELPS 7700 Series microprocessor in your target system so you can
control operation of the processor in your application hardware
(usually referred to as the target system). The emulator performs just
like the MELPS 7700 Series microprocessor, but is a device that allows
you to control the MELPS 7700 Series directly. These features allow
you to easily debug software before any hardware is available, and ease
the task of integrating hardware and software.
Note In this manual, MELPS 7700 Series is referred to as 7700 Series.
Introduction 1-1

Figure 1-1. HP 64146 Emulator for MELPS 7700 Series
1-2 Introduction

Supported
Microprocessors A list of the supported 7700 Series microprocessors is shown in Table
1-1. You need to purchase appropriate emulation pod and emulation
processor.
Processor Clock Emulation Emulation
Processor Pod
=================================================================
M37700/1 M2-xxxFP/SP | 8 | M37700SAFP | M37700T-HPD
M2AxxxFP/SP | 16 | |
SFP/SP | 8 | |
SAFP/SP | 16 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------|
M37700/1 M4-xxxFP/SP | 8 | M37700S4AFP |
M4AxxxFP/SP | 16 | |
S4FP/SP | 8 | |
S4AFP/SP | 16 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37702/3 M2-xxxFP/SP | 8 | M37702S1AFP | M37702T-HPD
M2AxxxFP/SP | 16 | |
S1FP/SP | 8 | |
S1AFP/SP | 16 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+
M37702/3 M4-xxxFP/SP | 8 | M37702S4AFP |
M4AxxxFP/SP | 16 | |
S4FP/SP | 8 | |
S4AFP/SP | 16 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37702 M6LxxxFP | 8 | M37702S1BFP | M37702TL-HPD
| | | HP 641466-61002
| | | (64146B)
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37702/3 M2BxxxFP/SP | 25 | M37702S1BFP | M37702TB-HPD
S1BFP/SP | 25 | | HP 64146-61001
---------------------+---------+----------------+ (64146A)
M37702/3 M4BxxxFP/SP | 25 | M37702S4BFP | HP 64146-61002
S4BFP/SP | 25 | | (64146B)
M6BxxxFP | 25 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37704/5 M2-xxxFP/SP | 8 | M37704S1AFP | M37704T-HPD
M2AxxxFP/SP | 16 | |
S1FP/SP | 8 | |
S1AFP/SP | 16 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37704 M3BxxxFP | 25 | M37704M4BFP | M37704TB-HPD
M3BxxxFP | 25 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37710 M4BxxxFP | 25 | M37710M4BFP | M37710TL-HPD
S4BFP | 25 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37720 S1FP | 8 | M37720S1AFP | M37720T-HPD
S1AFP | 16 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37730 S2FP/SP | 8 | M37730S2AFP | M37730T-HPD
S2AFP/SP | 16 | |
Table 1-1. Supported Microprocessors
Introduction 1-3

The HP 64146A emulator is provided with the following items.
HP 64146-61001 emulation pod with M37702S1BFP
emulation processor
Adaptor for M37703 processor
The HP 64146B emulator is provided with the following items.
HP 64146-61002 emulation pod with M37702S1BFP
emulation processor
Adaptor for M37703 processor
As you can see from Table 1-1, the HP 64146A/B emulator can
emulate M37702/3M2 and M37702/3S1 processor by default. These
emulation pods can be used with clock up to 25 MHz. Also, HP
64146B emulator can emulate M37702 M6L processor using default
emulation pod, HP 64146-61002.
To emulate other processors of 7700 Series, you need to purchase
appropriate emulation pod and/or emulation processor.
The HP 64146A/B #001 emulator is provided with no emulation pod.
You need to purchase appropriate emulation pod and emulation
processor listed in Table 1-1.
To purchase emulation pod or emulation processor, contact the address
listed in the manual provided with your emulation pod.
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37732 S4FP/SP | 8 | M37732S4AFP | M37732T-HPD
S4AFP/SP | 16 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37780 STJ/FP | 16 | M37780STJ | M37780T-HPD
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37781 M4TxxxJ/FP | 16 | M37781M4TJ | M37781T-HPD
E4TxxxJ/FP | 16 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+----------------
M37795 SJ | 8 | M37795SJ | M37795T-HPD
STJ | 8 | |
---------------------+---------+----------------+
M37796 E4-xxxJ | 8 | M37796E4J |
E4TxxxJ | 8 | |
=================================================================
Table 1-1. Supported Microprocessors (Cont’d)
1-4 Introduction

The list of supported microprocessors in Table 1-1 is not necessarily
complete. To determine if your microprocessor is supported or not,
contact Hewlett-Packard.
Features of the
7700 Series
Emulator
This section introduces you to the features of the emulator. The
chapters which follow show you how to use these features.
Clock Speed The HP 64146-61001 and HP 64146-61002 emulation pods generate
internal clock of 1 MHz. These emulation pods can be used with target
system clock up to 25 MHz.
The emulator can run with no wait state up to 25 MHz. When clock is
faster than 16 MHz, you can use the emulator with one of the following
methods.
Insert one wait state by the RDY signal. The emulator can be
configured to generate the RDY signal. Also, the emulator
accepts RDY signal from the target system.
Use the high speed access mode of the emulator. The
emulator can run with no wait state. However, there is a
limitation in the mapping of the emulation memory in this
mode. Refer to Chapter 4 of this manual for more detail.
Emulation memory The HP 64146A/B 7700 Series emulator is used with one of the
following Emulation Memory Cards.
HP 64726A 128K byte Emulation Memory Card
HP 64727A 512K byte Emulation Memory Card
HP 64728A 1M byte Emulation Memory Card
HP 64729A 2M byte Emulation Memory Card
The emulation memory can be configured into 256 byte blocks. A
maximum of 16 ranges can be configured as emulation RAM (eram),
emulation ROM(erom), target system RAM (tram), target system ROM
(trom), or guarded memory (grd). The HP 64146A/B 7700 Series
Introduction 1-5

emulator will attempt to break to the emulation monitor upon accessing
guarded memory; additionally, you can configure the emulator to break
to the emulation monitor upon performing a write to ROM (which will
stop a runaway program).
Analysis The HP 64146A/B 7700 Series emulator is used with one of the
following analyzers which allows you to trace code execution and
processor activity.
HP 64704 80-channel Emulation Bus Analyzer
HP 64703 64-channel Emulation Bus Analyzer and
16-channel State/Timing Analyzer
HP 64794A/C/D 80-channel 8K/64K/256K Emulation Bus
Analyzer
The Emulation Bus Analyzer monitors the emulation processor using
an internal analysis bus. The HP 64703 64-channel Emulation Bus
Analyzer and 16-channel State/Timing Analyzer allows you to probe
up to 16 different lines in your target system.
Foreground or
Background
Emulation Monitor
When you power up the emulator, or when you initialize it, the
background monitor is used by default. You can also configure the
emulator to use a foreground monitor. Before the background and
foreground monitors are described, you should understand the function
of the emulation monitor program.
The Function of the Monitor Program
The monitor program is the interface between the emulation system
controller and the target system. The emulation system controller uses
its own microprocessor to accept and execute emulation, system, and
analysis commands. The monitor program is executed by the
emulation processor.
The monitor program makes possible emulation commands which
access target system resources. (The only way to access target system
resource is through the emulation processor.) For example, when you
enter a command to modify target system memory, it is the execution
of monitor program instructions that cause the new values to be written
to target system memory.
1-6 Introduction