HP 7750 User manual

HP 64147
7750/51 Emulator
Softkey Interface
User’s Guide
HP Part No. 64147-97001
Printed in Japan
April 1995
Edition 1

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Printing History New editions are complete revisions of the manual. The date on the
title page changes only when a new edition is published.
A software code may be printed before the date; this indicates the
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between product updates and manual revisions.
Edition 1 64147-97001, April 1995

Using This Manual
This manual introduces you to the HP 64147A 7750/51 Series
Emulator as used with the Softkey Interface.
This manual:
Shows you how to use emulation commands by executing
them on a sample program and describing their results.
Shows you how to use the emulator in-circuit (connected to a
target system).
Shows you how to configure the emulator for your
development needs. Topics include: restricting the emulator
to real-time execution, selecting a target system clock source.
This manual does not:
Show you how to use every Softkey Interface command and
option; the Softkey Interface is described in the Softkey
Interface Reference manual.

Organization
Chapter 1 Introduction to the 7750/51 Series Emulator. This chapter briefly
introduces you to the concept of emulation and lists the basic features
of the 7750/51 Series emulator.
Chapter 2 Getting Started. This chapter shows you how to use emulation
commands by executing them on a sample program. This chapter
describes the sample program and how to: load programs into the
emulator, map memory, display and modify memory, display registers,
step through programs, run programs, set software breakpoints, and use
the analyzer.
Chapter 3 "In-Circuit" Emulation. This chapter shows you how to install the
emulation probe into a target system and how to use the "in-circuit"
emulation features.
Chapter 4 Configuring the Emulator. This chapter shows you how to restrict the
emulator to real-time execution, select a target system clock source,
allow background cycles to be seen by the target system.
Appendix A Using the Foreground Monitor.This appendix describes the
advantages and disadvantages of foreground and background monitors
and how to use foreground monitors.
Appendix B Using the Format Converter. This appendix describes the usage of
the file format converter.

Conventions Example commands throughout the manual use the following
conventions:
bold Commands, options, and parts of command syntax.
bold italic Commands, options, and parts of command syntax
which may be entered by pressing softkeys.
normal User specified parts of a command.
$ Represents the HP-UX prompt. Commands which
follow the "$" are entered at the HP-UX prompt.
<RETURN> The carriage return key.

Notes

Contents
1 Introduction to the 7750/51 Series Emulator
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Purpose of the 7750/51 Series Emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Supported Microprocessors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Features of the 7750/51 Series Emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Clock Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Emulation memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Foreground or Background Emulation Monitor . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Register Display and Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Single-Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Real Time Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Coverage Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Reset Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Watch Dog Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Easy Products Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Limitations, Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Clock Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Access to Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Trace Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Step Command to Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
DMA Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Watch Dog Timer in Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Step Command with Foreground Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Step Command and Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Emulation Commands in Stop/Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
RDY/HOLD Input in Background Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Accessing External Memory Area in SFR . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
High Speed Bus Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
RMPA Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Stack Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Evaluation Chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Contents-1

2 Getting Started
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
A Look at the Demo Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Compiling the Demo Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Linking the Demo Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Generate HP Absolute file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Entering the Softkey Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
From the HP-UX Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Configure the Emulator for Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
On-Line Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Softkey Driven Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Pod Command Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Loading Absolute Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Displaying Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Source Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Displaying Memory in Mnemonic Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Display Memory with Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Display Memory with Source Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Running the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
From Transfer Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
From Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Displaying Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Using Symbolic Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Modifying Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
Breaking into the Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
Using Software Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
Enabling/Disabling Software Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Setting a Software Breakpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Displaying Software Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Clearing a Software Breakpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25
Displaying Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25
Stepping Through the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
Using the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
Source Line Referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
Specifying a Simple Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
Display the Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
Displaying Trace with No Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
2-Contents

Displaying Trace with Compress Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
Displaying Trace with Time Count Absolute . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
Emulator Analysis Status Qualifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
Resetting the Emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
Exiting the Softkey Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
End Release System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
Ending to Continue Later . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
Ending Locked from All Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
3 "In-Circuit" Emulation
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Installing the Target System Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Installing the Target System Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
In-Circuit Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Running the Emulation from Target Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
4 Configuring the Emulator
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
General Emulator Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Micro-processor clock source? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Enter monitor after configuration? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Restrict to real-time runs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Emulator Reconfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Processor type? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Processor mode? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Modify value for Stack Pointer (SP)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Memory Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Is speed of input clock faster than
16 MHz? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Monitor type? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Mapping memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Emulator Pod Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Target memory access size? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Respond to target system interrupts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Enable watchdog timer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Debug/Trace Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Break processor on write to ROM? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Trace background or foreground operation? . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Trace refresh cycles by emulation analyzer? . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Trace DMA cycles by emulation analyzer? . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Contents-3

Trace HOLD/HLDA cycles by emulation analyzer? . . . . . 4-19
Replace 16-bit addresses with symbolic references? . . . . 4-19
Simulated I/O Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
Interactive Measurement Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
External Analyzer Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
Saving a Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
Loading a Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
Limitations and Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Clock Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Access to Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Trace Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Step Command to Internal RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
DMA Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Watch Dog Timer in Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Step Command with Foreground Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Step Command and Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Emulation Commands in Stop/Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
RDY/HOLD Input in Background Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Accessing External Memory Area in SFR . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
High Speed Bus Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
RMPA Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Stack Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Evaluation Chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
A Using the Foreground Monitor
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Comparison of Foreground and Background Monitors . . . . . . A-1
Background Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
Foreground Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
An Example Using the Foreground Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Assemble and Link the Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Modifying Location Declaration Statement . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Modifying the Emulator Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
Load the Program Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Running User Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Limitations of Foreground Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Step Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Synchronized measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
4-Contents

B Using the Format Converter
How to Use the Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
Illustrations
Figure 1-1. HP 64147 Emulator for MELPS 7750/51 Series . . . . 1-2
Figure 2-1. Connecting the Emulation Pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Figure 2-2. Linkage Editor Subcommand File . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Figure 2-3. Softkey Interface Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Figure 3-1. Installing the Probe to LCC80 Socket . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Figure 3-2. Installing the Probe to SDIP64 Socket . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Contents-5

Notes
6-Contents

1
Introduction to the 7750/51 Series Emulator
Introduction The topics in this chapter include:
Purpose of the 7750/51 Series Emulator
Features of the 7750/51 Series Emulator
Purpose of the
7750/51 Series
Emulator
The HP 64147A 7750/51 Series Emulator is designed to replace the
MELPS 7700/50/51 Series microprocessor in your target system so you
can control operation of the processor in your application hardware
(usually referred to as the target system). The emulator performs just
like the MELPS 7700/50/51 Series microprocessor, but is a device that
allows you to control the MELPS 7700/50/51 Series directly. These
features allow you to easily debug software before any hardware is
available, and ease the task of integrating hardware and software.
Note In this manual, MELPS 7700/50/51 Series is referred to as 7750/51
Series.
Introduction 1-1

Figure 1-1. HP 64147 Emulator for MELPS 7750/51 Series
1-2 Introduction

Supported
Microprocessors To emulate processors of 7750/51 Series, you need to purchase
appropriate emulation pod and/or emulation processor. The HP 64147A
7750/51 Series emulator is provided with the following items.
HP 64146-61002 emulation pod with M37702S1BFP
emulation processor
SDIP64 socket
The HP 64147A 7750/51 Series emulator can emulate M37702M2/4/6,
M37703M2/4/6, M37702S1/4, M37703S1/4 and M37702M6L
processors by using default emulation pod, HP 64146-61002. This
emulation pod can be used with clock up to 25 MHz.
To emulate other processors by the HP 64147A 7750/51 emulator, you
need to purchase appropriate emulation pod and/or emulation
processor. Refer to the Processor Support List for HP MELPS
emulators to determine if your microprocessor is supported or not.
The HP 64147A #001 emulator is provided with no emulation pod.
You need to purchase appropriate emulation pod and emulation
processor.
To purchase emulation pod or emulation processor, contact the address
listed in the manual provided with your emulation pod.
Features of the
7750/51 Series
Emulator
This section introduces you to the features of the HP 64147A 7750/51
Series emulator. The chapters which follow show you how to use these
features.
Clock Speed The HP 64147A 7750/51 Series emulator can run with no wait state up
to 25 MHz. When clock is faster than 16 MHz, you can use the
emulator with one of the following methods.
Insert one wait state by the RDY signal. The emulator can be
configured to generate the RDY signal. Also, the emulator
accepts RDY signal from the target system.
Introduction 1-3

Use the high speed access mode of the emulator. The emulator
can run with no wait state up to 25MHz. However, there is a
limitation in the mapping of the emulation memory in this
mode. Refer to Chapter 4 of this manual for more detail.
The HP 64146-61002 emulation pod generate internal clock of
1/8/16/25 MHz. This emulation pods can be used with target system
clock from 1 up to 25 MHz.
Emulation memory The HP 64147A 7750/51 Series emulator is used with one of the
following Emulation Memory Cards.
HP 64726A 128K byte Emulation Memory Card
HP 64727A 512K byte Emulation Memory Card
HP 64728A 1M byte Emulation Memory Card
HP 64729A 2M byte Emulation Memory Card
The emulation memory can be configured into 256 byte blocks. A
maximum of 16 ranges can be configured as emulation RAM (eram),
emulation ROM (erom), target system RAM (tram), target system
ROM (trom), or guarded memory (grd). The HP 64147A 7750/51
Series emulator will attempt to break to the emulation monitor upon
accessing guarded memory; additionally, you can configure the
emulator to break to the emulation monitor upon performing a write to
ROM (which will stop a runaway program).
Analysis The HP 64147A 7750/51 Series emulator is used with one of the
following analyzers which allows you to trace code execution and
processor activity.
HP 64706 48-channel Emulation Bus Analyzer
HP 64704 80-channel Emulation Bus Analyzer
HP 64703 64-channel Emulation Bus Analyzer and
16-channel State/Timing Analyzer
HP 64794A/C/D 80-channel 8K/64K/256K Emulation Bus
Analyzer
The Emulation Bus Analyzer monitors the emulation processor using
an internal analysis bus. The HP 64703 64-channel Emulation Bus
Analyzer and 16-channel State/Timing Analyzer allows you to probe
up to 16 different lines in your target system.
1-4 Introduction

Foreground or
Background
Emulation Monitor
When you power up the emulator, or when you initialize it, the
background monitor is used by default. You can also configure the
emulator to use a foreground monitor. Before the background and
foreground monitors are described, you should understand the function
of the emulation monitor program.
The Function of the Monitor Program
The monitor program is the interface between the emulation system
controller and the target system. The emulation system controller uses
its own microprocessor to accept and execute emulation system, and
analysis commands. The monitor program is executed by the
emulation processor.
The monitor program makes possible emulation commands which
access target system resources. (The only way to access target system
resource is through the emulation processor.) For example, when you
enter a command to modify target system memory, it is the execution
of monitor program instructions that cause the new values to be written
to target system memory.
The Background Monitor
On emulator power-up, or after initialization, the emulator uses the
background monitor program. The background monitor does not
occupy processor address space.
The Foreground Monitor
You can configure the emulator to use a foreground monitor program.
When a foreground monitor is selected it executes in the foreground
emulator mode. The foreground monitor occupies processor memory
space and executes as if it were part of your program.
Register Display and
Modification You can display or modify the 7750/51 Series internal register
contents. This includes the ability to modify the program counter (PC)
and the program bank register (PG) values so you can control where the
emulator starts a program run.
Introduction 1-5

Single-Step When you are using the background monitor, you can direct the
emulation processor to execute a single instruction or a specified
number of instructions.
Breakpoints You can set the emulator/analyzer interaction so the emulator will
break to the monitor program when the analyzer finds a specific state or
states, allowing you to perform post-mortem analysis of the program
execution. You can also set software breakpoints in your program.
This feature is realized by inserting BRK instructions into user
program. Refer to the "Using Software Breakpoints" section of
"Getting Started" chapter for more information.
Real Time Operation Real-time signifies continuous execution of your program at full rated
processor speed without interference from the emulator. (Such
interference occurs when the emulator needs to break to the monitor to
perform an action you requested, such as displaying target system
memory.) Emulator features performed in real time include: running
and analyzer tracing. Emulator features not performed in real time
include: display or modify of target system memory; load/dump of
target memory, display or modification of registers, and single step.
Coverage
Measurements Coverage memory is provided for the processor’s external program
memory space. This memory allows you to perform coverage
measurements on programs in emulation memory.
Reset Support The emulator can be reset from the emulation system under your
control; or your target system can reset the emulation processor.
Watch Dog Timer You can configure the emulator to disable the watch dog timer.
Easy Products
Upgrades Because the HP 64700 Series development tools contain programmable
parts, it is possible to reprogram the firmware and some of the
hardware without disassembling the HP 64700B Card Cage. This
means that you’ll be able to update product firmware, if desired,
without having to call an HP field representative to your site.
1-6 Introduction