Monosem NG Plus 4 2019 Quick guide

NG Plus 4 - 2019
Réf.10640227
COMPAGNIE COMMERCIALE RIBOULEAU
www.monosem.com
Notice de montage,
Réglage,
Entretien
Assembly, Adujstment
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Instructions
NG Plus 4 - 2019
Ʉɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɨɡɦɨɧɬɚɠɭ
ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɬHɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɫɛɨɪɤH
ɪHɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤHɢɬHɯɧɢɱHɫɤɨɦɭ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢ ɸ

ɗɬɨɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɨɩɟɪɟɞ
ɫɛɨɪɤɨɣɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɫɟɹɥɤɢɈɧɨɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ
ɦɟɫɬɟɁɚɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣɢɥɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞ ɊɂȻɈɍɅȿȺɍ 02126(0
ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɵɞɚɧɵɧɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɋɟɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɢ ɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɜɵɛɢɬɵ ɧɚ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɫɟɜɚ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɫɜɨɟɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɦɵɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɩɪɚɜɨɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚɲɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨ
ɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦɜɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɞɟɬɚɥɹɯ ɨɬɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ
ɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɐɟ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɡ ɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹɦɦɨɧɬɚɠɭɬɚɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿɽɸɫɿɜɚɥɤɢɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ Ɂɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɸ
ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɽɸ ɚɛɨ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯɡɜɟɪɬɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɡɚɜɨɞɭ
5,%28/($8 02126(0 ɡɚ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭ ɧɚɞɚɧɢɦ ɧɚ
ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɣɫɬɨɪɿɧɰɿɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ
ɋɟɪɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɬɚ ɪɿɤ ɜɢɩɭɫɤɭ ɫɿɜɚɥɤɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɫɶɤɿɣ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɿɳɨɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɨɛɰɿɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɜɢɫɿɜɭ
Ʉɟɪɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɟɭɯɢɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɪɚɝɧɟɧɧɹɦ ɞɨ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹɫɜɨɽʀ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɦɢ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɦɨ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɭɜɚɬɢɧɚɲɟ
ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɩɪɨ
ɰɟɳɨɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɜɿɞɯɢɥɟɧɶɞɟɹɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜɜɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ
ɞɟɬɚɥɹɯɜɿɞɬɢɯɳɨɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿɜɰɶɨɦɭɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɿ
Cette notice est à lire attentivement avant
PRQWDJH HW XWLOLVDWLRQ HOOH HVW j FRQVHUYHU
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5,%28/($802126(0QXPpURGHWpOpSKRQH
en dernière page.
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Par souci d’amélioration continue de notre production, nous
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ceux décrits sur cette notice.
NOTICE ORIGINALE
7KLV PDQXDO VKRXOG EH UHDG FDUHIXOO\ EHIRUH
DVVHPEO\ DQG RSHUDWLRQ ,W VKRXOG EH NHSW LQ
D VDIH SODFH )RU IXUWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ RU LQ WKH
HYHQW RI FODLPV SOHDVH FDOO WKH 5,%28/($8
02126(0 IDFWRU\ <RX ZLOO ¿QG WKH WHOHSKRQH
QXPEHURQWKHODVWSDJHRIWKLVPDQXDO
7KH LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ DQG \HDU RI PDQXIDFWXUH RI
\RXUSODQWHUDUHRQWKHFHQWUDOJHDUER[
With the aim of continuously improving our products, we
reserve the right to modify our equipment without notice. As
D UHVXOW VRPH HOHPHQWV PD\ GLႇHU IURP WKRVH GHVFULEHE LQ
these instructions.
ORIGINAL INSTRUCTIONS
Ɉɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɈɊɂȽȱɇȺɅɖɇȿɄȿɊȱȼɇɂɐɌȼɈ
9RXVYHQH]G¶DFTXpULUXQDSSDUHLO¿DEOHPDLV
ATTENTION à son utilisation !...
2 PRÉCAUTIONS POUR RÉUSSIR VOS SEMIS :
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DX[FRQGLWLRQVHWjODUpJXODULWpGpVLUpH
•$VVXUH]YRXVGqVODPLVHQHURXWHSXLVGHWHPSVHQWHPSV
GHOD',675,%87,21GHO¶(17(55$*(GHOD'(16,7e
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EXWBE CAREFUL using it !...
2 PRECAUTIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL PLANTING :
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FRQGLWLRQVDQGGHVLUHGDFFXUDF\
•&KHFN SURSHU ZRUNLQJ RI WKH VHHG PHWHULQJ VSHHG
3/$&(0(17 63$&,1* DQG '(16,7< EHIRUH SODQWLQJ
and from time to time during planting.
ȼɵɤɭɩɢɥɢɧɚɞɟɠɧɭɸɦɚɲɢɧɭ
ɧɨȻɍȾɖɌȿɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɕɩɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɟɟ
ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂȾɅəɍɋɉȿɒɇɈȽɈɉɈɋȿȼȺ
•ȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɤ
ɩɨɥɟɜɵɦɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɜɵɫɟɜɚ
•ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɵɫɟɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
ɊȺɁɆȿɓȿɇɂȿɂɇɌȿɊȼȺɅɂɇɈɊɆɍȼɕɋȿȼȺɫɟɦɹɧɩɟɪɟɞ
ɩɨɫɟɜɨɦɢɜɪɟɦɹɨɬɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɢɩɨɫɟɜɟ
ȼɢɤɭɩɢɥɢɧɚɞɿɣɧɭɦɚɲɢɧɭɚɥɟȻɍȾɖɌȿɈȻȿɊȿɀɇȱɩɿɞ
ɱɚɫʀʀɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀ
ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐȱȲȾɅəɍɋɉȱɒɇɈȽɈɉɈɋȱȼɍ
•ȼɢɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɭɦɧɭ ɪɨɛɨɱɭ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɬɨɫɨɜɚɧɭ ɞɨ
ɩɨɥɶɨɜɢɯɭɦɨɜɬɚɛɚɠɚɧɨʀɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɿɜɢɫɿɜɭ
•ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɫɿɜɨɦ ɿ ɱɚɫ ɜɿɞ ɱɚɫɭ ɜ ɯɨɞɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ
ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɣɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɭ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɜɢɫɿɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɚɪɚɬɭ
ɊɈɁɆȱɓȿɇɇəȱɇɌȿɊȼȺɅɬɚɇɈɊɆɍȼɂɋȱȼɍɧɚɫɿɧɧɹ
/HVLQVWUXFWLRQVGHFHWWHQRWLFHVRQWGHVWLQpHVjQRVVHPRLUV02126(01*3OXVHOOHVQHFRQFHUQHQWSDVOHVVRXVHQVHPEOHVXWLOLVpVVHXOVRXVXUG¶DXWUHVDSSDUHLOVERvWLHUVWXUELQH
7KHLQVWUXFWLRQVLQWKLVPDQXDODUHLQWHQGHGIRURXU02126(01*3OXVSODQWHUVWKH\GRQRWFRQFHUQVXEDVVHPEOLHVXVHGDORQHRURQRWKHUDSSOLDQFHVXQLWVWXUELQH
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵɞɥɹɧɚɲɢɯɫɟɹɥɨɤ02126(01*3OXVɨɧɢɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵɤɢɯɭɡɥɚɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɢɥɢɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɞɪɭɝɢɯɦɚɲɢɧɛɭɧɤɟɪɵɬɭɪɛɢɧɚ
ɇɚɞɚɧɿɜɞɚɧɨɦɭɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹɞɨɧɚɲɢɯɫɿɜɚɥɨɤ02126(01*3OXVɿɧɟɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɿɞɨʀɯɧɿɯɜɭɡɥɿɜɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɧɢɯɨɤɪɟɦɨɚɛɨɜɫɤɥɚɞɿɿɧɲɢɯɦɚɲɢɧɛɭɧɤɟɪɢɬɭɪɛɨɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɬɚɿɧɲɟ

1
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ɆȿɊɕȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɢɪɟɦɨɧɬɦɚɲɢɧɵɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦɩɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɪɢɫɤɚɯ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɧɚɤɥɟɣɤɚɯɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɦɚɲɢɧɵɢɟɟɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɧɟɭɤɨɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞɥɸɛɵɦɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦɩɨɞɨɪɨɝɚɦɨɛɳɟɝɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɩɪɚɜɢɥɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɚɤɬɨɜɩɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɦɟɪɵɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɣɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɫɦɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɟɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
Ɣɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɩɨɞɫɟɹɥɤɨɣ
Ɣɪɹɞɧɵɟɦɚɪɤɟɪɵɧɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɩɨɞɝɪɭɡɨɦ
Ɣɫɤɥɚɞɧɵɟɪɚɦɵɧɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɩɨɞɝɪɭɡɨɦ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɫɟɹɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɩɢɪɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɜɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɢɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɟɝɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɬɶ
Ɣɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɫɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢɫɦɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ
ɈȻɓɂȿɉɊȺȼɂɅȺɌȿɏɇɂɄɂȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
 ȼ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɇɚɤɥɟɣɤɢɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɦɚɲɢɧɟɢɟɟɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɹɯɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɜɚɠɧɭɸɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɛɢɯɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɹɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɷɬɢɯɧɚɤɥɟɟɤɜɵɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɟɫɜɨɸɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɞɨɪɨɝɚɦɨɛɳɟɝɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɚɲɢɧɵɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɵɧɚɧɟɣȼɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɛɨɬɵɞɟɥɚɬɶɷɬɨɛɭɞɟɬɭɠɟɩɨɡɞɧɨ
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸɨɞɟɠɞɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɡɚɯɜɚɱɟɧɚɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɦɢɫɹɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɦɚɲɢɧɵ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɤɚɛɢɧɨɣɢɥɢɞɭɝɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɧɨɪɦɚɦ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɪɹɞɨɦɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣɦɚɲɢɧɨɣɧɢɤɨɝɨɧɟɬɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɞɟɬɟɣ
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɥɸɞɟɣɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɢɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɚ
Ɇɚɲɢɧɭɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɧɚɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɬɨɱɤɢɧɚɜɟɫɤɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɧɚɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɜɵɞɜɢɠɧɵɟɭɩɨɪɵɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɦɚɲɢɧɵɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹɨɫɶɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɚ
Ȼɚɥɥɚɫɬɞɥɹɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɟɧɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɷɬɨɣɰɟɥɢɫɬɨɣɤɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ
ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢɧɚɨɫɶɢɨɛɳɟɝɨɜɟɫɚ
ɉɪɢɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟɧɨɪɦɚɦɢɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɝɧɢɢɬɩɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɟɝɨ
ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ȼɫɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɲɥɚɧɝɢɢɬɩɞɨɥɠɧɵɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹɬɚɤɱɬɨɛɵɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɚɧɟɜɪɚ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨɜɵɡɜɚɬɶɬɪɚɜɦɭɢɥɢɭɳɟɪɛ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɵɟɡɞɨɦɧɚɞɨɪɨɝɢɨɛɳɟɝɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɜɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɫɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɩɨɤɢɞɚɣɬɟɦɟɫɬɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɩɪɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɟ
ȼɵɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɢɪɟɠɢɦɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟɪɟɡɤɢɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɧɚɞɨɪɨɝɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹɡɚɜɢɫɹɬɨɬɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɢɩɪɢɰɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɯɨɪɭɞɢɣȼɫɜɹɡɢɫ
ɷɬɢɦɧɟɬɟɪɹɣɬɟɛɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɣɬɟɧɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɦɟɧɹɹɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶɬɨɪɦɨɡɚɦɢ
ɉɪɢɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚɯɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɣɬɟɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟɧɚɞɨɪɨɝɭɢɧɚɜɢɫɚɸɳɢɟɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɶɞɜɢɠɭɳɟɣɫɹɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɉɟɪɟɞɤɚɠɞɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɉɟɪɟɞɤɚɠɞɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟɡɚɬɹɠɤɭɜɢɧɬɨɜɢɝɚɟɤ
ɇɟɜɯɨɞɢɬɟɜɪɚɛɨɱɭɸɡɨɧɭɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɦɟɬɶɜɜɢɞɭɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɫɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɫɪɟɡɚɧɢɹɭɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɪɟɡɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɉɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɜɵɣɬɢɢɡɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɢɥɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɤɚɤɭɸɥɢɛɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɫɦɚɲɢɧɨɣɡɚɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɜɵɧɶɬɟɤɥɸɱɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹɢɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶ
ɩɨɥɧɨɣɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɜɫɟɯɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɯɫɹɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ
ɇɟɡɚɯɨɞɢɬɟɜɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦɟɠɞɭɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɢɦɚɲɢɧɨɣɧɟɜɤɥɸɱɢɜɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɣɬɨɪɦɨɡɢɢɥɢɧɟɩɨɞɥɨɠɢɜɩɨɞɤɨɥɟɫɚ
ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɟɛɚɲɦɚɤɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɥɸɛɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɜɧɭɬɪɢɦɚɲɢɧɵɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɨɧɚɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ
ɇɟɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɦɤɨɥɶɰɨɦɞɥɹɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɵ
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER

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ɇȺȾɅȿɀȺɓȿȿɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɆȺɒɂɇɕ
ɋɟɹɥɤɚɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɥɹɬɟɯɰɟɥɟɣɞɥɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɧɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɩɪɢɤɚɤɢɯɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɤɚɤɨɣɛɵɬɨɧɢɛɵɥɨɭɳɟɪɛɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣɫɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɦɚɲɢɧɵɡɚ
ɪɚɦɤɚɦɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɢɦɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ȼɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɥɸɛɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɜɦɚɲɢɧɭɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɫɬɪɚɯɢɪɢɫɤɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɇɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɚɲɢɧɵɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
 ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɯɨɞɭɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
 ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɦɟɧɧɵɯɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɢɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɢɥɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɢɪɟɦɨɧɬɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɦɢɥɢɰɚɦɢɩɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɨɛɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɧɢ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɨɛɹɡɚɧɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
 ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
 ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɟɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
 ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ©ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹª
ɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɦɚɲɢɧɚɯ
Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɇȺȼȿɒɂȼȺɇɂȿ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɚɲɢɧɵɤɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɭɢɟɟɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɪɵɱɚɝɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɜ
ɬɚɤɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ
 ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɬɪɟɯɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɲɬɢɮɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɭ
ɲɚɪɨɜɨɝɨɲɚɪɧɢɪɚɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɦɟɬɶɜɜɢɞɭɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɫɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɫɪɟɡɚɧɢɹɜɡɨɧɟɬɪɟɯɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚ
ɉɪɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɪɵɱɚɝɨɦɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɫɶɧɚɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɨɬɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɦɟɠɞɭɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɢɦɚɲɢɧɨɣ
 ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɟɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɹɝ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɝɨɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹɢɛɨɤɨɜɵɯɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣ
ɉɪɢɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟɦɚɲɢɧɵɜɩɨɞɧɹɬɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɪɵɱɚɝɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚ
ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺɉɊɂȼɈȾȺɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɢɤɚɪɞɚɧɧɚɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɤɚɪɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɜɚɥɵɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɸɦɚɲɢɧɵɢɥɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯɤɨɠɭɯɨɜɧɚɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɢɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯɜɚɥɚɯ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯɬɪɭɛɨɤɧɚɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯɜɚɥɚɯɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɢɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɤɚɠɞɵɦɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦɢɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦɜɚɥɚɤɚɪɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɢ
ɜɵɧɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɥɸɱɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
ȿɫɥɢɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɣɜɚɥɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɟɦɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɝɨɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɢɥɢɨɛɝɨɧɧɨɣɦɭɮɬɨɣɨɧɢɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɧɚɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɦɨɧɬɚɠɚɢɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯɜɚɥɨɜ
Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɵɟɤɨɠɭɯɢɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯɜɚɥɨɜɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɰɟɩɟɣ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣɪɟɠɢɦɢɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɨɬɛɨɪɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɥɢɲɶɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɪɹɞɨɦɫɦɚɲɢɧɨɣɧɟɬɥɸɞɟɣɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
ȿɫɥɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɝɥɚɧɚɤɥɨɧɚɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɜɚɥɚɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɨɬɛɨɪɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɫɹɤɷɬɨɦɭɭɡɥɭɞɨɟɝɨɩɨɥɧɨɣɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɟɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɦɨɝɭɬɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɟɳɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɉɪɢɫɧɹɬɢɢɦɚɲɢɧɵɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟɜɚɥɵɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵɧɚɨɩɨɪɭ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɜɚɥɚɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɟɝɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦɱɟɯɥɨɦ
ȼɫɟɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟɤɨɠɭɯɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɢɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɜɚɥɚɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɵ
ȽɂȾɊȺȼɅɂɑȿɋɄɂɃɄɈɇɌɍɊ
Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɨɞɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɉɪɢɦɨɧɬɚɠɟɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜɢɥɢɝɢɞɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɲɥɚɝɨɜɤɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɤɨɧɬɭɪɭɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɧɟɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɩɨɞɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɢɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɨɲɢɛɨɤɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɦɧɚɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɹɯ
ɦɟɠɞɭɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɢɦɚɲɢɧɨɣ
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣɝɨɞɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟɲɥɚɧɝɢɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɧɚ
 ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɹ
 ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɩɨɞɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɢɛɟɡɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
 ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɣ
Ɂɚɦɟɧɚɲɥɚɧɝɨɜɞɨɥɠɧɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɧɟɪɟɠɟɱɟɦɪɚɡɜɥɟɬɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɢɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ
ɉɪɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢɭɬɟɱɤɢɩɪɢɦɢɬɟɦɟɪɵɞɥɹɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
Ɇɚɫɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɤɚɤɢɥɸɛɚɹɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɦɨɠɟɬɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟɬɪɚɜɦɵɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɤɜɪɚɱɭɢɩɪɢɧɹɬɶɦɟɪɵɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ
ɉɪɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢɥɸɛɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɜɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɤɨɧɬɭɪɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɫɛɪɨɫɢɬɶɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɤɨɧɬɭɪɟɡɚɝɥɭɲɢɬɶɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɢ
ɜɵɧɭɬɶɤɥɸɱɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂɉɈɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɈɆɍɈȻɋɅɍɀɂȼȺɇɂɘ
ɉɪɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢɥɸɛɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɩɨɭɯɨɞɭɡɚ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɣɟɟɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɢɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɝɥɭɲɢɬɶɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɢɜɵɧɭɬɶɤɥɸɱɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɨɞɬɹɝɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɢɧɬɵɢɝɚɣɤɢ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɹɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɚɲɢɧɵɜɩɨɞɧɹɬɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɟɟɧɚɨɩɨɪɵ
ɉɪɢɡɚɦɟɧɟɪɚɛɨɱɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɧɚɞɟɜɚɣɬɟɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢɢɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɬɶɦɚɫɥɨɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɭɸɫɦɚɡɤɭɢɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɥɸɛɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɫɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɰɟɩɶɸɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɧɨɫɭɢɡɚɦɟɧɹɬɶɢɯɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɢɡɧɚɲɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
 ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɢ 02126(0 ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɉɟɪɟɞɥɸɛɵɦɢɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɚɪɤɢɧɚɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɟɢɥɢɧɚɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɤɚɛɟɥɢɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɢɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
 Ɋɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ

8
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
ɁȺɏɈȾɂȻȿɁɉȿɄɂ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɪɟɦɨɧɬɦɚɲɢɧɢɦɨɠɟɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɩɪɨɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɜɚɧɢɣɩɪɨɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ
ɪɢɡɢɤɢ
ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɧɟɭɯɢɥɶɧɨɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɬɟɯɧɿɤɢɛɟɡɩɟɤɢɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯɧɚɧɚɤɥɟɣɤɚɯɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɿɦɚɲɢɧɢɬɚʀʀɩɪɢɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɚɬɚɤɨɠɜɞɚɧɨɦɭ
ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɿ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɯ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɨɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɿ ɱɢɧɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɶɨɝɨ ɪɭɯɭ ɬɚ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢɯɚɤɬɿɜɡɬɟɯɧɿɤɢɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
Ⱦɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɢɯɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ
ƔɈɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɞɢɜɿɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɟɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ
ƔɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɱɢɫɶɩɿɞɫɿɜɚɥɤɨɸ
ƔɊɹɞɧɿɦɚɪɤɟɪɢɧɟɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɿɞɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɦ
Ɣɋɤɥɚɞɧɿɪɚɦɢɧɟɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɿɞɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɦ
ȼȺɀɅɂȼȺȱɇɎɈɊɆȺɐȱəȼɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɱɢɡɧɚɱɧɭɜɚɝɭɫɿɜɚɥɤɢɧɟɫɥɿɞɨɩɢɪɚɬɢʀʀɬɿɥɶɤɢɧɚɞɜɚɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɿɤɨɥɟɫɚɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚɜɿɲɭɜɚɬɢɬɚɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɬɢɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɣɨɝɨɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɪɨɡɤɥɚɫɬɢ
ƔɈɛɿɝɡɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɦɢɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɚɦɢɞɢɜɿɬɶɫɹɩɚɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɁȺȽȺɅɖɇȱɉɊȺȼɂɅȺɌȿɏɇȱɄɂȻȿɁɉȿɄɂ
ɇɚɞɨɞɚɬɨɤɞɨɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣɧɚɞɚɧɢɯɜɞɚɧɨɦɭɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɿɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɢɯɧɨɪɦɳɨɫɬɨɫɭɸɬɶɫɹɛɟɡɩɟɤɢɬɚɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɹɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ
ɇɚɤɥɟɣɤɢɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿɧɚɦɚɲɢɧɿɬɚʀʀɩɪɢɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɹɯɦɿɫɬɹɬɶɜɫɨɛɿɜɚɠɥɢɜɭɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸɩɪɨʀɯɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɭɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿɸȾɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɱɢɫɶɜɢɦɨɝɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ
ɧɚɰɢɯɧɚɤɥɟɣɤɚɯɜɢɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɟɫɜɨɸɛɟɡɩɟɤɭ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɪɭɯɭɩɨɞɨɪɨɝɚɯɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶɜɢɦɨɝɩɪɚɜɢɥɞɨɪɨɠɧɶɨɝɨɪɭɯɭ
Ɉɡɧɚɣɨɦɬɟɫɹɡɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɦɚɲɢɧɢɞɨɩɨɱɚɬɤɭɪɨɛɨɬɢɡɧɟɸȼɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɪɨɛɨɬɢɰɟɛɭɞɟɜɠɟɩɿɡɧɨɪɨɛɢɬɢ
Ʉɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɧɨɫɢɬɢɜɿɥɶɧɢɣɨɞɹɝɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɹɤɨɝɨɦɨɠɭɬɶɛɭɬɢɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɿɪɭɯɨɦɢɦɢɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢɦɚɲɢɧɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɢɣɤɚɛɿɧɨɸɚɛɨɞɭɝɨɸɛɟɡɩɟɤɢɡɝɿɞɧɨɡɞɿɸɱɢɦɢɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɬɨɦɭɳɨɩɨɪɭɱɿɡɩɪɚɰɸɸɱɨɸɦɚɲɢɧɨɸɧɿɤɨɝɨɧɟɦɚɽ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɡɟɧɧɹɥɸɞɟɣɿɬɜɚɪɢɧɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɬɚɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɟɧɟ
ɉɪɢɱɿɩɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɞɥɹɰɶɨɝɨɬɨɱɤɢɞɥɹɧɚɜɿɲɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɞɿɸɱɢɯɧɨɪɦ
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɿɩɿɞɱɚɫɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɧɚɜɿɲɟɧɧɹɬɚɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɬɨɦɭɳɨɜɢɫɭɜɧɿɭɩɨɪɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɿɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɳɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽɫɬɿɣɤɿɫɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɜɿɲɟɧɧɹɦɦɚɲɢɧɢɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɬɨɦɭɳɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɜɿɫɶɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɞɨɫɢɬɶɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɚ
  Ȼɚɥɚɫɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɰɿɽʀ ɦɟɬɢ ɫɬɿɣɤɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ  ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɣ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɸɜɚɱɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɟɧɧɹɥɿɦɿɬɭɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹɧɚɜɿɫɶɬɚɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀɜɚɝɢ
ɉɪɢɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɿɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɧɨɪɦɚɦɢɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɹɜɢɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɿɜɨɝɧɿɣɬɩɿɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɩɪɚɰɟɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ
ɍɫɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɨɝɨɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɛɟɥɿɲɥɚɧɝɢ ɿɬɩ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɛɭɬɢɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɧɿ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɳɨɛ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɚɬɢɜɢɩɚɞɤɨɜɟɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɫɿɜɚɥɤɨɸ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɡɞɚɬɧɢɯɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɬɿɥɟɫɧɢɯɭɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɚɛɨɡɛɢɬɤɿɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢʀɡɞɨɦɧɚɞɨɪɨɝɢɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɜɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɧɚɹɜɧɢɯɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɣ
ɇɿɤɨɥɢɧɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɞɿɹɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ
ȼɢɛɟɪɿɬɶɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶɬɚɪɟɠɢɦɩɟɪɟɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɫɬɿɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɪɿɡɤɢɯɡɦɿɧɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɪɭɯɭ
ɋɬɿɣɤɿɫɬɶɧɚɞɨɪɨɡɿɧɚɩɪɹɦɨɤɪɭɯɭɬɚɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶɝɚɥɶɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶɜɿɞɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɯɬɚɩɪɢɱɟɩɥɟɧɢɯɡɧɚɪɹɞɶɌɨɦɭɧɟɜɬɪɚɱɚɣɬɟɩɢɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɿ
ɜɱɚɫɧɨɪɟɚɝɭɣɬɟɧɚɡɦɿɧɢɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀɡɦɿɧɸɸɱɢɧɚɩɪɹɦɨɤɿɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶɝɚɥɶɦɚɦɢ
ɉɪɢɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚɯɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɣɬɟɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɸɱɿɧɚɞɨɪɨɝɭɬɚɧɚɜɢɫɚɸɱɿɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢɚɬɚɤɨɠɿɧɟɪɰɿɣɧɿɫɬɶɪɭɯɭɦɚɲɢɧɢ
Ʉɨɠɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɭɩɟɪɟɞɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿɽɸɦɚɲɢɧɢɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɬɨɦɭɳɨɡɚɯɢɫɧɿɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹɜɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿ
Ʉɨɠɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɭɩɟɪɟɞɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿɽɸɦɚɲɢɧɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɭɧɚɥɟɠɧɨʀɡɚɬɹɠɤɢɝɜɢɧɬɿɜɬɚɝɚɣɨɤ
ɇɟɜɯɨɞɶɬɟɜɪɨɛɨɱɭɡɨɧɭɦɚɲɢɧɢ
Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɭɜɚɝɢɧɚɪɢɡɢɤɡɞɚɜɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɪɿɡɚɧɧɹɳɨɧɟɫɭɬɶɜɫɨɛɿɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɨɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɿɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɦɚɲɢɧɢɡɨɤɪɟɦɚɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɨʀɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ
ɉɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɢɣɬɢɡɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɚɛɨɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɹɤɭɫɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɡɦɚɲɢɧɨɸɡɚɝɥɭɲɿɬɶɞɜɢɝɭɧɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɤɥɸɱɡɡɚɦɤɚɡɚɩɚɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɿɞɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɜɧɨʀɡɭɩɢɧɤɢ
ɜɫɿɯɪɭɯɨɦɢɯɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ
ɇɟɜɯɨɞɶɬɟɜɡɨɧɭɦɿɠɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɬɚɦɚɲɢɧɨɸɧɟɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɜɲɢɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɩɚɪɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣɝɚɥɶɦɨɬɚɚɛɨɧɟɩɿɞɤɥɚɜɲɢɩɿɞɤɨɥɟɫɚɝɚɥɶɦɨɜɿɛɚɲɦɚɤɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɦɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɨɛɿɬɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɦɚɲɢɧɢɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɬɨɦɭɳɨɜɨɧɚɧɟɦɨɠɟɜɢɩɚɞɤɨɜɨɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɫɹ
ɇɟɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɹɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɢɦɤɿɥɶɰɟɦɞɥɹɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɧɧɹɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɨʀɦɚɲɢɧɢ

9
1
ɇȺɅȿɀɇȺȿɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐȱəɆȺɒɂɇɂ
ɋɿɜɚɥɤɚɧɟɫɥɿɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɥɹɬɢɯɰɿɥɟɣɞɥɹɹɤɢɯɜɨɧɚɧɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɿɜɹɤɨɦɭɪɚɡɿɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɡɛɢɬɤɢɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿɡɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿɽɸɦɚɲɢɧɢɧɟɡɚʀʀɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ
ȼɧɟɫɟɧɧɹɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɡɦɿɧɭɦɚɲɢɧɭɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɬɪɚɯɿɪɢɡɢɤɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɚɲɢɧɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɟ
 ȼɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɜɢɦɨɝɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɡɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɬɚɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ
 Ɉɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɨɜɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɡɦɿɧɧɢɯɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɬɚɩɪɢɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚɚɛɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦ
ȿɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿɹɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɪɟɦɨɧɬɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɨɫɨɛɢɩɪɨɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɜɚɧɿɩɪɨɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɪɢɡɢɤɢ
Ʉɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɡɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɢɣɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɶɧɢɠɱɟɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯɩɪɚɜɢɥ
 ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɹɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ
 ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɬɟɯɧɿɤɢɛɟɡɩɟɤɢɬɪɭɞɨɜɟɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨ
 ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɪɭɯɭ©ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɞɨɪɨɠɧɶɨɝɨɪɭɯɭª
Ⱦɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶɜɢɦɨɝɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯɧɚɦɚɲɢɧɚɯ
ȼɧɟɫɟɧɧɹɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɡɦɿɧɜɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɛɟɡɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɧɚɰɟɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨʀɡɝɨɞɢɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɸɜɚɱɚɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɜɢɧɹɬɤɨɜɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɚɦɚɲɢɧɢ
ɇȺȼȱɒȿɇɇə
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɦɚɲɢɧɢɞɨɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɿʀʀɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɤɟɪɭɸɱɢɣɜɚɠɿɥɶɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɨɝɨɩɿɞɣɨɦɧɢɤɚɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɛɭɬɢɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɜɬɚɤɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɹɤɨɦɭʀʀ
ɩɿɞɣɨɦɽɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɦ
ɉɪɢɩɪɢɽɞɧɚɧɧɿɞɨɬɪɶɨɯɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨɩɿɞɣɨɦɧɢɤɚɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɳɨɛɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɲɬɢɮɬɿɜɚɛɨɩɚɥɶɰɿɜɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɜɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɭɤɭɥɶɨɜɨɝɨɲɚɪɧɿɪɚɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ
ɋɥɿɞɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɡɞɚɜɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɡɪɿɡɚɧɧɹɜɡɨɧɿɬɪɟɯɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨɩɿɞɣɨɦɧɢɤɚ
ɉɪɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɿɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɦɤɟɪɭɸɱɢɦɜɚɠɟɥɟɦɩɿɞɣɨɦɧɢɤɚɬɪɢɦɚɣɬɟɫɹɧɚɜɿɞɫɬɚɧɿɜɿɞɡɨɧɢɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɨʀɦɿɠɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɬɚɦɚɲɢɧɨɸ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɚɲɢɧɢʀʀɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɬɢɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɯɬɹɝɩɿɞɣɨɦɧɢɤɚɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɜɢɩɚɞɤɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɪɬɹɬɚɛɿɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɹɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ɉɪɢɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɿɦɚɲɢɧɢɜɩɿɞɧɹɬɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɬɢɤɟɪɭɸɱɢɣɜɚɠɿɥɶɩɿɞɣɨɦɧɢɤɚ
ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺɉɊɂȼɈȾɍɈɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɬɚɤɚɪɞɚɧɧɚɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ
ȼɤɚɪɞɚɧɧɿɣɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɜɚɥɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɿɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɿɸɦɚɲɢɧɢɚɛɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɿɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦ
ɋɬɟɠɬɟɡɚɫɬɚɧɨɦɬɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɢɦɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɯɤɨɠɭɯɿɜɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɬɚɬɪɚɧɫɦɿɫɿɣɧɢɯɜɚɥɿɜ
ɋɬɟɠɬɟɡɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɢɦɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɯɬɪɭɛɨɤɧɚɬɪɚɧɫɦɿɫɿɣɧɢɯɜɚɥɚɯɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɬɚɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɚɲɢɧɢ
Ʉɨɠɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɭɩɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɦɬɚɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɦɜɚɥɚɤɚɪɞɚɧɧɨʀɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɿɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɝɥɭɲɿɬɶɞɜɢɝɭɧɿɞɿɫɬɚɜɚɣɬɟɤɥɸɱɡ
ɡɚɦɤɚɡɚɩɚɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ
  əɤɳɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɦɿɫɿɣɧɢɣ ɜɚɥ ɛɭɜ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡ ɨɛɦɟɠɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɛɟɪɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɚɛɨ ɨɛɝɿɧɧɨɸ ɦɭɮɬɨɸ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɨɜɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɧɚ
ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɦɚɲɢɧɢ
ɋɬɟɠɬɟɡɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɦɦɨɧɬɚɠɭɬɚɩɪɢɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɬɪɚɧɫɦɿɫɿɣɧɢɯɜɚɥɿɜ
Ɂɚɯɢɫɧɿɤɨɠɭɯɢɬɪɚɧɫɦɿɫɿɣɧɢɯɜɚɥɿɜɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɡɚɛɥɨɤɨɜɚɧɿɜɿɞɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɥɚɧɰɸɝɿɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɭɳɨɨɛɪɚɧɢɣɪɟɠɢɦɬɚɧɚɩɪɹɦɨɤɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɹɦɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɚ
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɜɿɞɛɿɪɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɥɢɲɟɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɽɬɟɫɹɜɬɨɦɭɳɨɩɨɪɭɱɿɡɦɚɲɢɧɨɸɧɟɦɚɽɥɸɞɟɣɿɬɜɚɪɢɧ
əɤɳɨɿɫɧɭɽɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɟɧɧɹɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨɤɭɬɚɧɚɯɢɥɭɬɪɚɧɫɦɿɫɿɣɧɨɝɨɜɚɥɚɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɢɜɚɥɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ
ɉɿɫɥɹɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɧɟɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɰɶɨɝɨɜɭɡɥɚɞɨɣɨɝɨɩɨɜɧɨʀɡɭɩɢɧɤɢɈɤɪɟɦɿɣɨɝɨɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɬɢ
ɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹɳɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɉɪɢɡɧɹɬɬɿɦɚɲɢɧɢɬɪɚɧɫɦɿɫɿɣɧɿɜɚɥɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿɧɚɨɩɨɪɭ
ɉɿɫɥɹɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɬɪɚɧɫɦɿɫɿɣɧɨɝɨɜɚɥɚɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɧɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɣɨɝɨɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɦɱɨɯɥɨɦ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɭɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɜɫɿɡɚɯɢɫɧɿɤɨɠɭɯɢɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɬɚɬɪɚɧɫɦɿɫɿɣɧɨɝɨɜɚɥɚɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ
ȽȱȾɊȺȼɅȱɑɇɂɃɄɈɇɌɍɊ
Ƚɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɢɣɤɨɧɬɭɪɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽɩɿɞɬɢɫɤɨɦ
ɉɪɢɦɨɧɬɚɠɿɝɿɞɪɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɚɛɨɝɿɞɪɨɞɜɢɝɭɧɿɜɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɣɬɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɢɯɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɶɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɹɦɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɲɥɚɧɝɿɜɞɨɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɭɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɬɨɦɭɳɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɡɛɨɤɭɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚɬɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɡɛɨɤɭɦɚɲɢɧɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ
ɩɿɞɬɢɫɤɨɦ
 ɓɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɿɧɜɟɪɫɿʀɚɛɨɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɨɦɢɥɨɤɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɢɯɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɶɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɯɩɨɡɧɚɱɨɤɧɚɡ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɱɚɯɦɿɠɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɬɚ
ɦɚɲɢɧɨɸ
ɓɨɪɨɤɭɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɣɬɟɲɥɚɧɝɢɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɨʀɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɧɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɟ
 ɭɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɬɚɩɨɪɢɫɬɿɫɬɶɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɝɨɲɚɪɭ
 ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀɩɿɞɬɢɫɤɨɦɿɛɟɡɬɢɫɤɭ
 ɫɬɚɧɡ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɱɿɜɬɚɭɳɿɥɶɧɟɧɶ
Ɂɚɦɿɧɚɲɥɚɧɝɿɜɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɧɟɪɿɞɲɟɧɿɠɪɚɡɧɚɪɨɤɿɜɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɡɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɣɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɚ
ɉɪɢɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɿɜɢɬɨɤɭɜɠɢɜɿɬɶɡɚɯɨɞɿɜɞɥɹɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɹɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ
Ɇɚɫɥɨɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɭɹɤɿɛɭɞɶɹɤɚɪɿɞɢɧɚɩɿɞɬɢɫɤɨɦɦɨɠɟɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɬɢɫɟɪɣɨɡɧɿɬɪɚɜɦɢɬɚɭɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɲɤɿɪɧɢɯɩɨɤɪɢɜɿɜɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɬɪɚɜɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɫɥɿɞ
ɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɫɹɞɨɥɿɤɚɪɹɣɜɠɢɬɢɡɚɯɨɞɿɜɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹɿɧɮɟɤɰɿʀ
ɉɪɢɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɿɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɨɛɿɬɭɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɨɦɭɤɨɧɬɭɪɿɦɚɲɢɧɭɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɫɤɢɧɭɬɢɬɢɫɤɭɤɨɧɬɭɪɿɡɚɝɥɭɲɢɬɢɞɜɢɝɭɧɿɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɤɥɸɱɡɡɚɦɤɚɡɚɩɚɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ
ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐȱȲɁɌȿɏɇȱɑɇɈȽɈɈȻɋɅɍȽɈȼɍȼȺɇɇə
ɉɪɢɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɿɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɨɛɿɬɡɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɪɟɦɨɧɬɭɦɚɲɢɧɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɨɜɨɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɢɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɛɨɪɭɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɝɥɭɲɢɬɢ
ɞɜɢɝɭɧɿɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɤɥɸɱɡɡɚɦɤɚɡɚɩɚɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɪɨɛɿɬɶɩɿɞɬɹɠɤɭɝɜɢɧɬɿɜɣɝɚɣɨɤɉɿɫɥɹɩɟɪɲɢɯɝɨɞɢɧɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɫɿɜɚɥɤɢɡɪɨɛɿɬɶɡɚɬɹɠɤɭɜɫɿɯɝɜɢɧɬɿɜɩɨɬɿɦɱɟɪɟɡɤɨɠɧɿɝɨɞɢɧ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɦɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɚɲɢɧɢɜɩɿɞɧɹɬɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶʀʀɧɚɨɩɨɪɢ
ɉɪɢɡɚɦɿɧɿɪɨɛɨɱɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɿɜɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɤɚɜɢɱɤɢɬɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢ
ɓɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɡɚɛɪɭɞɧɟɧɧɹɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɢɞɚɬɢɦɚɫɥɨɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɟɦɚɫɬɢɥɨɬɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɦɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɨɛɿɬɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɸɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɢɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɋɥɿɞɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɬɢɫɬɚɧɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɳɨɩɿɞɞɚɸɬɶɫɹɡɧɨɲɭɜɚɧɧɸɿɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢʀɯɡɚɦɿɧɭɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɡɧɨɲɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɭɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ
ȼɹɤɨɫɬɿɡɚɩɚɫɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ02126(0ɳɨɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɦɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɦɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɡɜɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɿɚɛɨɧɚɜɿɲɟɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɬɢɤɚɛɟɥɿɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɬɚɚɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
Ɋɟɦɨɧɬɧɿɪɨɛɨɬɢɡɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢɳɨɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸɚɛɨɬɢɫɤɨɦɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ

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ɇɚɩɿɜɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɟɡɱɟɩɥɟɧɧɹ
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ɉɨɥɭɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɧɚɜɟɫɤɚ
ɒɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣɤɨɥɟɫɧɵɣɜɚɥɞɥɢɧɨɣɦ
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Ɋɚɦɚɞɥɹɧɚɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɹɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɇɚɩɿɜɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɟɡɱɟɩɥɟɧɧɹ
ɝɪɚɧɧɚɜɿɫɶɤɨɥɿɫɧɢɯɩɚɪɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɝɪɚɧɧɚɜɿɫɶɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɞɥɹɮɿɤɫɚɰɿʀɜɢɫɿɜɧɢɯɫɟɤɰɿɣ
ɩɧɟɜɦɨɤɨɥɟɫ[[
Ƚɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɿɪɹɞɤɨɜɿɦɚɪɤɟɪɢ
ɪɚɦɚɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɬɪɭɛɚɡɪɿɡɶɛɨɜɢɦɡ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɦ©ɦɚɦɚªɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɬɪɭɛɚɡɪɿɡɶɛɨɜɢɦɡ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɦ©ɩɚɩɚªɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
Ɋɚɦɚ0LFURVHPɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɞɥɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɜɢɫɿɜɭɡɦɚɫɬɿɣɤɚɦɢ
MICRO
MICRO
MICRO
ɪɹɞɤɨɜɚɞɥɹɤɭɤɭɪɭɞɡɢɡɲɢɪɢɧɨɸɦɿɠɪɹɞɞɹɫɦ±
ɀɨɪɫɬɤɚɪɚɦɚɡɞɜɨɦɚɲɬɚɧɝɚɦɢɡɭɞɨɛɪɸɜɚɱɟɦ
Ɋɚɦɚɞɥɹɧɚɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɹɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ȼɢɞɟɥɤɨɜɟɡɱɿɩɧɟɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ
ɝɪɚɧɧɚɜɿɫɶɤɨɥɿɫɧɢɯɩɚɪɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɝɪɚɧɧɚɜɿɫɶɞɥɹɮɿɤɫɚɰɿʀɜɢɫɿɜɧɢɯɫɟɤɰɿɣɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
Ƚɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɿɪɹɞɤɨɜɿɦɚɪɤɟɪɢ$ɩɪɨɦɿɠɧɢɣɜɚɠɿɥɶɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɇɟɫɭɱɢɣɜɚɠɿɥɶɞɢɫɤɿɜɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɩɧɟɜɦɨɤɨɥɟɫ[[
ɪɚɦɢ0LFURVHPɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɞɥɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɜɢɫɿɜɭɡɦɚɫɬɿɣɤɚɦɢ
MICROMICROMICROMICRO
ɪɹɞɨɜɞɥɹɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ±ɫɦ±
ɀɟɫɬɤɚɹɪɚɦɚɫɞɜɨɣɧɨɣɛɚɥɤɨɣɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ
ɞɥɹɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɪɚɦɚɞɥɢɧɨɣɦ
ɇɚɜɟɫɤɚɫɩɚɥɶɰɚɦɢ
ɒɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣɤɨɥɟɫɧɵɣɜɚɥɞɥɢɧɨɣɦ
ɒɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣɜɚɥɜɵɫɟɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɟɤɰɢɣɞɥɢɧɨɣɦ
Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɹɞɧɵɟɦɚɪɤɟɪɵ$
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɟɩɥɟɱɨɦɩɥɟɱɨɞɢɫɤɚɦ
ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɨɥɟɫɚîî
ɪɚɦɵɞɥɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ0LFURVHPɞɥɢɧɨɣɦɧɚɯɨɩɨɪɚɯ

11
ȾȿɌȺɅɂɂɋȻɈɊɄȺɈɋɇɈȼɇɕɏɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɇɕɏɋȿəɅɈɄ02126(01*3OXV
ɌȿɏɇȱɑɇȱɏȺɊȺɋɌȿɊɂɄɌɂɄɂɬɚɁȺȽȺɅɖɇɂɃɆɈɇɌȺɀɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɇɂɏɋȱȼȺɅɈɄ02126(01*3OXV
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&RXSOHGIUDPHîPP
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ZKHHOKH[DJRQDOVKDIWVOHQJWKPDW±PDW
XQLWKH[DJRQDOVKDIWVOHQJWKPDW±PDW
SQHXPDWLFW\UHZKHHOVîî
7ULSOHIROGLQJIXUURZHUV
ɪɹɞɤɨɜɚɞɥɹɤɭɤɭɪɭɞɡɢɡɲɢɪɢɧɨɸɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦ±
ɉɨɞɜɿɣɧɚɪɚɦɚ[ɦɦ
ɪɚɦɢɞɥɹɧɚɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɹɪɚɦɚɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɞɥɹɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦɬɚɪɚɦɚ
ɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɞɥɹɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦ
ȼɢɞɟɥɤɨɜɟɡɱɿɩɧɟɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɡɿɫɩɨɥɭɱɧɨɸɲɬɚɧɝɨɸ[ɦɦ
ɝɪɚɧɧɿɨɫɿɤɨɥɿɫɧɢɯɩɚɪɜɿɫɶɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɞɥɹɲɢɪɢɧɢɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦɬɚɜɿɫɶ
ɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɞɥɹɲɢɪɢɧɢɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦ
ɝɪɚɧɧɿɨɫɿɞɥɹɮɿɤɫɚɰɿʀɜɢɫɿɜɧɢɯɫɟɤɰɿɣɜɿɫɶɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɞɥɹɲɢɪɢɧɢɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦ
ɬɚɜɿɫɶɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɞɥɹɲɢɪɢɧɢɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦ
ɩɧɟɜɦɨɤɨɥɟɫ[[
Ɋɹɞɤɨɜɿɦɚɪɤɟɪɢɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɿɜɬɪɶɨɯɦɿɫɰɹɯ
URZVDWFPEHHWURRWRUVXQÀRZHU
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8QLWKH[DJRQDOVKDIWOHQJWKP
SQHXPDWLFW\UHZKHHOVî
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0LFURVHPEDUOHQJWKPZLWKVXSSRUWV
ɪɹɞɨɜɩɨɫɦɞɥɹɫɜɟɤɥɵɢɥɢɩɨɞɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɢɤɚ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɪɚɦɚɞɥɢɧɨɣɦ
ɉɨɥɭɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɰɟɩɤɚ
ɒɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣɤɨɥɟɫɧɵɣɜɚɥɞɥɢɧɨɣɦ
ɒɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣɜɚɥɜɵɫɟɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɟɤɰɢɣɞɥɢɧɨɣɦ
ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɨɥɟɫɚî
Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɹɞɧɵɟɦɚɪɤɟɪɵ
Ɋɚɦɚɞɥɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ0LFURVHPɞɥɢɧɨɣɦɧɚɯɨɩɨɪɚɯ
ɪɹɞɤɨɜɚɞɥɹɰɭɤɪɨɜɨɝɨɛɭɪɹɤɭɬɚɫɨɧɹɲɧɢɤɭɞɥɹɲɢɪɢɧɢ
ɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦ
Ɋɚɦɚɞɥɹɧɚɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɹɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɇɚɩɿɜɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɟɡɱɟɩɥɟɧɧɹ
ɝɪɚɧɧɚɜɿɫɶɤɨɥɿɫɧɢɯɩɚɪɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɝɪɚɧɧɚɜɿɫɶɞɥɹɮɿɤɫɚɰɿʀɜɢɫɿɜɧɢɯɫɟɤɰɿɣɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɩɧɟɜɦɨɤɨɥɟɫɚ[
Ƚɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɿɪɹɞɤɨɜɿɦɚɪɤɟɪɢ
Ɋɚɦɚ0LFURVHPɞɥɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɜɢɫɿɜɭɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɡɦɚɨɩɨɪɚɦɢ
URZVDWFP±
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ɪɹɞɤɨɜɚɞɥɹɤɜɚɫɨɥɿɞɥɹɲɢɪɢɧɢɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦ±
ɀɨɪɫɬɤɚɪɚɦɚɡɞɜɨɦɚɲɬɚɧɝɚɦɢ
Ɋɚɦɚɞɥɹɧɚɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɹɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ±ɒɬɚɧɝɚɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ȼɢɞɟɥɤɨɜɟɡɱɿɩɧɟɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ
ɝɪɚɧɧɿɨɫɿɤɨɥɿɫɧɢɯɩɚɪɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɞɥɹɲɢɪɢɧɢɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦ±ɝɪɚɧɧɚɜɿɫɶɞɥɹ
ɮɿɤɫɚɰɿʀɜɢɫɿɜɧɢɯɫɟɤɰɿɣɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɩɧɟɜɦɨɤɨɥɟɫ[[
Ƚɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɿɪɹɞɤɨɜɿɦɚɪɤɟɪɢɪɚɦɚɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɬɪɭɛɚɡɪɿɡɶɛɨɜɢɦɡ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɦ©ɦɚɦɚª
ɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɬɪɭɛɚɡɪɿɡɶɛɨɜɢɦɡ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɦ©ɩɚɩɚªɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
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ɪɹɞɨɜɩɨɫɦɞɥɹɪɚɩɫɚɢɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɫɟɦɹɧ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɪɚɦɵɞɥɢɧɨɣɦ
ɉɨɥɭɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɧɚɜɟɫɤɚ
ɒɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣɤɨɥɟɫɧɵɣɜɚɥɞɥɢɧɨɣɦ
ɒɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣɜɚɥɜɵɫɟɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɟɤɰɢɣɞɥɢɧɨɣ
ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɨɥɟɫɚîî
Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɹɞɧɵɟɦɚɪɤɟɪɵ
ɪɹɞɤɨɜɚɞɥɹɲɢɪɢɧɢɦɿɠɪɹɞɶɫɦɞɥɹɪɚɩɫɚɬɚɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
Ɋɚɦɚɞɥɹɧɚɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɹɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɇɚɩɿɜɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɟɡɱɟɩɥɟɧɧɹ
ɝɪɚɧɧɚɜɿɫɶɤɨɥɿɫɧɢɯɩɚɪɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɝɪɚɧɧɚɜɿɫɶɞɥɹɮɿɤɫɚɰɿʀɜɢɫɿɜɧɢɯɫɟɤɰɿɣɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦ
ɩɧɟɜɦɨɤɨɥɟɫ[[
Ƚɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɿɪɹɞɤɨɜɿɦɚɪɤɟɪɢ
ɪɹɞɨɜɞɥɹɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵɢɥɢɫɦ±ɋɛɨɪɧɚɹ
ɪɚɦɚîɦɦ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɪɚɦɵɦɞɥɹ±ɦɞɥɹ
ɇɚɜɟɫɤɚɫɩɚɥɶɰɚɦɢɧɚɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɪɚɦɟɩɪɢîɦɦ
ɲɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɯɤɨɥɟɫɧɵɯɜɚɥɚɞɥɢɧɨɣɦɞɥɹ±ɦɞɥɹ
ɲɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɯɜɚɥɚɜɵɫɟɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɟɤɰɢɣɞɥɢɧɨɣɦɞɥɹ±ɦɞɥɹ
ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɨɥɟɫîî
Ɍɪɟɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɟɫɤɥɚɞɧɵɟɦɚɪɤɟɪɵɪɹɞɨɜ
ɪɹɞɨɜɩɨɫɦ±ɀɟɫɬɤɚɹɪɚɦɚɫɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ
ɛɚɥɤɨɣ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɪɚɦɵɞɥɢɧɨɣɦ±Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɪɚɦɚɦ
ɇɚɜɟɫɤɚɫɩɚɥɶɰɚɦɢ
ɒɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣɤɨɥɟɫɧɵɣɜɚɥɞɥɢɧɨɣɦɞɥɹɫɦ
ɒɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣɜɚɥɜɵɫɟɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɟɤɰɢɣɞɥɢɧɨɣ
ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɨɥɟɫɚîî
Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɹɞɧɵɟɦɚɪɤɟɪɵ
ɪɚɦɚɦ±ɧɚɪɭɠɧɚɹɬɪɭɛɚɦ±ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹɬɪɭɛɚɦ

12
CHÂSSIS PORTÉS
+$%(&+2(ɒ$&&ɂ
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ɪɹɞɤɨɜɿɡɩɨɞɜɿɣɧɨɸɪɚɦɨɸ
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13
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Ɇɨɧɬɚɠɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɯɤɨɥɿɫɧɢɯɛɥɨɤɿɜɬɪɟɛɚɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɜɨɞɧɨɦɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɡɤɨɥɟɫɚɦɢɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ
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GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE FRAME
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L1 = [ = 2,35m
2
([HPSOHUDQJVjP±WUDoDJHDXFHQWUH
([DPSOHURZVDWP±FHQWUHPDUNLQJRXW
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɪɹɞɨɜɩɨɦ±ɉɪɢɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɩɨɦɚɪɤɟɪɧɨɦɭɫɥɟɞɭɰɟɧɬɪɨɦɬɪɚɤɬɨɪ
ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɪɹɞɤɿɜɦ±ɜɨɞɿɧɧɹɩɨɫɥɿɞɭɦɚɪɤɟɪɚɰɟɧɬɪɨɦɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ
L2 = [ = 3,25m
2
ɈȻɓȺəɋȻɈɊɄȺɊȺɆɕ
Ɇɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɰɟɥɶɧɨɣɪɚɦɵɪɢɫ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɧɚ  ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɫ
ɤɨɪɨɛɤɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɧɚɜɟɫɶɬɟɟɟɧɚɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯɢ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɫɛɨɪɤɭ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɪɢɫ  ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ
Ⱥɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟᬅɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɛɟɡɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ
ȼɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ᬆɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɞɥɹɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ
ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɟɦɢ ɠɟ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɤɪɟɩɹɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ
ȼɨɛɨɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɩɨɪɵ
ɁȺȽȺɅɖɇɂɃɆɈɇɌȺɀɊȺɆɂ
ɀɨɪɫɬɤɿɧɚɜɿɫɧɿɪɚɦɢɦɚɥ
ɉɿɫɥɹɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɧɟɫɭɱɨʀɪɚɦɢɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɥɨɤɢɜɟɞɭɱɢɯɤɨɥɿɫɤɨɪɨɛɤɭ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɬɚɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɡɱɟɩɥɟɧɧɹɹɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɦɚɥɸɧɤɚɯɩɨɦɨɧɬɚɠɭɩɪɢɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɿɡ
ɫɿɜɚɥɤɨɸɧɚɫɬɨɪɿɧɤɚɯɚɛɨ
ɋɥɿɞɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢɳɨɦɨɧɬɚɠɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɨʀɪɚɦɢɦɚɥɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɞɜɨɦɚɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ
Ⱥɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹᬅɫɥɿɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɭɞɨɛɪɸɜɚɱɚ
ȼɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹᬆɫɥɿɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɡɭɞɨɛɪɸɜɚɱɟɦ
ɍɤɨɠɧɨɦɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɜɨɧɢɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹɡɬɢɦɢɠɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɦɢɚɥɟɤɪɿɩɥɹɬɶɫɹɩɨ
ɪɿɡɧɨɦɭ
ȼɨɛɨɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɨɩɨɪɢ

14
Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11
Fig. 12 Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 18 Fig. 20Fig. 17 Fig. 19
11
4
4
5
12
1
1
6
5
4
2
12
5
2
3
Fig. 14
Fig. 18
8
Fig. 19
9
10

15
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ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕȿɊȿȽɍɅɂɊɈȼɄɂɊȺɆɕ
ɇɚɜɟɫɤɚ
ɉɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɧɢɠɧɢɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɟɫɤɨɛɵɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨɫɰɟɩɧɨɝɨɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ(1)ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɥɭɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɜɟɫɤɢ ᬆɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵɦɟɠɞɭɜɵɫɟɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɦɟɠɞɭɪɹɞɶɟɦɇɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɨɪɚɫɩɨɪɧɨɣɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɟ(5)
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɫ ɩɨɥɭɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɰɟɩɧɵɦɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɜɩɟɪɟɞɢɫɟɹɥɤɢɧɟɦɟɲɚɟɬɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɸɳɟɣɨɩɨɪɟɫɰɟɩɧɨɝɨɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɷɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɪɚɫɰɟɩɤɟɫɰɟɩɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɫɟɹɥɤɢɧɚɨɞɧɨɣɥɢɧɢɢɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟɫɰɟɩɧɨɟ
ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɢɫɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭɦɟɠɞɭɪɹɞɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɪɢɫɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɤɨɪɨɛɤɚɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɥɟɜɭɸɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɨɬɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɨɡɚɬɨɪɚȼɬɚɤɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɨɞɢɧɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɣɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ(4)ɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɞɧɭ
ɪɚɫɩɨɪɧɭɸɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɭ(5)
ɇɢɠɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɫɤɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ ɫ ɨɫɶɸ  ɉɚɥɶɰɵ   ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɩɨɨɫɨɛɨɦɭɡɚɤɚɡɭ
Ɍɭɪɛɨɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ
ɉɪɢɜɨɞɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɬȼɈɆɫɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɨɛɦɢɧȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɢɦɟɸɬɫɹɨɫɨɛɵɣɲɤɢɜɞɥɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ
ɨɛɦɢɧ
ȼɨɩɰɢɹɯɬɚɤɠɟɢɦɟɟɬɫɹɜɵɯɨɞɞɥɹɩɪɢɜɨɞɚɝɢɞɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɚɪɢɫ
ɉɨɫɥɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɚɬɭɪɛɨɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɨɩɨɪɧɵɟɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵɫɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟ
ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɸȾɚɧɧɵɟɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɞɥɹɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ
ɧɚɜɟɫɨɤ(6)
Ʉɨɪɨɛɤɚɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɢɫ  ɫɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɪ 
Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɚɬɹɠɢɬɟɥɹɰɟɩɢɡɚɠɢɦɚɢɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɨɜ ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɉɪɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟɫɦɟɠɞɭɪɹɞɧɵɦɢɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɦɢɦɟɧɟɟɱɟɦɫɦɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɨɩɨɪɧɵɯɫɤɨɛɵ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɹɰɟɩɢɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɫɟɹɥɤɭɫɨɬɠɚɬɵɦɧɚɬɹɠɢɬɟɥɟɦɰɟɩɢ
Ⱦɥɹɦɟɠɞɭɪɹɞɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜɛɨɥɟɟɱɟɦɫɦɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɚɪɚɨɩɨɪɧɵɯɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ
(4)
ȼɚɠɧɨ
Ⱦɥɹɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹɫɛɨɪɤɢɧɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɡɚɬɹɝɢɜɚɬɶɨɩɨɪɧɵɟɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ(4)ɩɨɤɚɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ
ɲɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣɜɚɥ
 ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɲɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɥ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɫɬɨɩɨɪɧɵɦɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ(8)ɪɢɫ
ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɧɢɠɧɟɝɨɲɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɚɥɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɬɚɦɢɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɨɛɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɤɨɥɟɫɧɵɯɛɥɨɤɨɜɪɢɫ
ɉɨɫɥɟɫɛɨɪɤɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɢɡɚɬɹɧɢɬɟɧɚɬɹɠɢɬɟɥɢɰɟɩɟɣɩɪɢɜɨɞɚɨɬɜɟɞɭɳɢɯɤɨɥɟɫ(11)
ɪɢɫ
ɇɚ ɤɚɦɟɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɤɚɦɧɟɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɲɢɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɤɚɤ ɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɡɚɰɟɩɚɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɭɸɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɨɬɢɯɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɩɪɢɰɟɩɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ȿɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɡɚɬɹɠɤɢɛɨɥɬɨɜɢɝɚɟɤɧɚɜɟɫɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬ
ɨɬɠɚɬɶɫɹɢɫɥɨɦɚɬɶɫɹɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɪɚɛɨɱɟɣɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ
ɊȱɁɇȱɊȿȽɍɅɘȼȺɇɇəɊȺɆɂ
ɇɚɜɿɲɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɢɠɧɿ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɿ ɫɤɨɛɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɱɿɩɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹ  ɚɛɨ
ɧɚɩɿɜɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɿɲɟɧɧɹ  ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɦɿɠ ɜɢɫɿɜɧɨɸ ɫɟɤɰɿɽɸ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɦɿɠɪɹɞɞɹɇɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɪɨɪɨɡɩɿɪɧɭɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɭ
ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɡ ɧɚɩɿɜɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɦ ɡɱɿɩɧɢɦ ɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɽɬɟɫɹ ɳɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪ
ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɿɜɚɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɚɠɚɽ ɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɨɩɨɪɿ ɡɱɿɩɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹ ɚ
ɹɤɳɨɧɿɬɨɰɟɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɪɨɡɱɟɩɥɟɧɧɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɿɜɚɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɿɣ ɥɿɧɿʀ ɿɡ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɟ ɡɱɿɩɧɟ
ɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɿɡɦɿɳɚɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭɦɿɠɪɹɞɧɨʀɜɿɞɫɬɚɧɿɦɚɥɈɬɠɟɤɨɪɨɛɤɚɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɥɿɜɨɪɭɱ ɜɿɞ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɍ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɫɥɿɞ ɜɢɥɭɱɢɬɢ
ɨɞɢɧɡɩɿɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɿɜɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɨɞɧɭɪɨɡɩɿɪɧɭɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɭ
ɇɢɠɧɿɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɿɫɤɨɛɢɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɿɡɜɿɫɫɸɈɫɶɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɩɿɞɡɚɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɋɬɨɩɨɪɧɿ ɩɚɥɶɰɿ  ɞɥɹ ɨʀ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɱɟɩɥɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɚɦɢ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹɧɚɞɪɚɦɨɸ
Ɍɭɪɛɨɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ±  ɨɛɯɜ ȼ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɹɜɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿɽɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɢɣɲɤɿɜɞɥɹɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣɨɛɯɜȼɨɩɰɿɹɯɬɚɤɨɠ
ɽɜɢɯɿɞɞɥɹɩɪɢɜɨɞɭɝɿɞɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɚɥ
ɉɿɫɥɹɦɨɧɬɚɠɭɬɭɪɛɨɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɨɩɨɪɧɿɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɢɳɨɡɧɿɦɚɸɬɶ
ɜɿɛɪɚɰɿɸȾɚɧɿɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ  ɧɚɦɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɢɯ
ɧɚɜɿɲɟɧɶɚɛɨɧɚɦɚɥɞɥɹɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɯɡɞɜɨɽɧɢɯɪɚɦɡɧɚɱɿɩɧɢɦɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɦ
Ʉɨɪɨɛɤɚɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɤɨɪɨɛɤɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɹɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɦɚɥɞɢɜɿɬɶɫɹɬɚɤɨɠɫɬɨɪɿɧɤɭ

Ⱦɜɿɱɿɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɬɹɝɭɜɚɱɚ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚɬɚʀʀ ɮɿɤɫɚɬɨɪɚɚɬɚɤɨɠ
ɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɿɜ ɍɜɚɝɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɣɬɟ ɡɿɪɨɱɤɢ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɉɪɢ
ɪɨɛɨɬɿɡɦɿɠɪɹɞɧɢɦɢɿɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɦɢɦɟɧɲɟɫɦɫɥɿɞɜɢɥɭɱɢɬɢɨɩɨɪɧɢɯɫɤɨɛɢɓɨɛ
ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɪɨɡɬɹɝɚɧɧɹ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɭ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟ ɫɿɜɚɥɤɭ ɡ ɜɿɞɱɟɩɥɟɧɢɦ ɧɚɬɹɝɭɜɚɱɟɦ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ
Ɂɦɚɳɿɬɶɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɜɬɭɥɤɭɲɟɫɬɟɪɧɿɳɨɛɩɨɤɪɚɳɢɬɢɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɟɜɢɪɿɜɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɥɹɦɿɠɪɹɞɧɢɯɿɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɿɜɛɿɥɶɲɟɫɦɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹɩɚɪɚɨɩɨɪɧɢɯɩɿɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɿɜ
ȼɚɠɥɢɜɿɩɪɢɦɿɬɤɢ
 Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɟɝɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɫɥɿɞ ɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɿ ɩɿɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɢ  ɩɨɤɢ ɧɟ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɜɟɪɯɧɿɣɲɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɢɣɜɚɥ
ȼɟɪɯɧɿɣɲɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɢɣɜɚɥɮɿɤɫɭɽɬɶɫɹɞɜɨɦɚɫɬɨɩɨɪɧɢɦɢɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɦɢɦɚɥ
ȼɟɪɯɧɿɣɲɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɢɣɜɚɥɮɿɤɫɭɽɬɶɫɹɛɨɥɬɚɦɢɬɚɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɢɦɢɩɨɨɛɢɞɜɚ
ɛɨɤɢɜɿɞɤɨɥɿɫɧɢɯɩɚɪɦɚɥ
ɉɿɫɥɹɦɨɧɬɚɠɭɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɿɜɿɞɪɟɝɭɥɸɣɬɟɡɧɢɡɭɜɜɟɪɯɧɚɬɹɝɥɚɧɰɸɝɿɜɤɨɥɿɫɧɢɯɩɚɪ
Ɇɚɥ
ɓɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɦɿɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɦ¶ɹɧɢɫɬɨɦɭ ɝɪɭɧɬɿ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɤɪɢɲɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɫɚɯ ɬɚɤɿ ɹɤ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɿ Ɉɪɿɽɧɬɚɰɿɹ
ɡɚɬɢɫɤɿɜɛɭɞɟɡɜɨɪɨɬɧɚɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɿɣɨɪɿɽɧɬɚɰɿʀɧɚɱɿɩɧɨɝɨɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ
 ɓɨɞɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɣɬɟ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɡɚɬɹɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɛɨɥɬɿɜ ɿ ɝɚɣɨɤ ɧɚɱɿɩɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɨɧɢ
ɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɿɞɠɚɬɢɫɹɿɡɥɚɦɚɬɢɫɹɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤɪɨɛɨɱɨʀɜɿɛɪɚɰɿʀ

16
Fig. 21 Fig. 22
Fig. 25 Fig. 26
Fig. 23 Fig. 24
4
2
2
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
2
Fig. 24
4
Fig. 27
Fig. 28 Fig. 29 Fig. 30
3
5
1
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Ɋɢɫ  Ɋɭɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɪɟɜɨɤɨɩɰɢɹ
Ɋɢɫ  Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɬɪɟɯɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɯɪɚɦɨɩɰɢɹ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɗɬɨɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɫɦɚɡɤɚɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɧɚ
ɢɡɧɨɫ
ɊɢɫɊɹɞɧɵɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɞɥɹɞɜɭɯɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɣɪɚɦɵɪɹɞɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɛɟɡ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ
Ɋɢɫɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣɪɹɞɧɵɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɞɥɹɬɪɟɯɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɣɛɚɥɤɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɚɧɤɟɪɨɦɨɩɰɢɹ
Ɋɢɫɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɪɹɞɧɵɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɞɥɹɬɪɟɯɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɯɛɚɥɨɤɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɞɢɫɤɨɦɨɩɰɢɹ
ɊɢɫȽɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɹɞɧɵɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɞɥɹɬɪɟɯɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɯɛɚɥɨɤ
Ɋɢɫ  ɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɟ
ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɹɞɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɚɦɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɨɝɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
Ɋɢɫ  ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɹɞɧɵɯɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɣɤɥɚɩɚɧɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɟɧɤɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸɦɚɫɥɚ
Ɋɢɫɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɹɞɧɵɟɦɚɪɤɟɪɵɞɥɹɪɚɦɦɢɦ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɚɯ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ
ɛɚɥɤɢɧɨɩɨɨɫɨɛɨɦɭɡɚɩɪɨɫɭɢɯɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɦ
ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦɱɬɨɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɪɹɞɧɵɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ
ɛɚɥɤɨɣɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɭɡɤɢɯɪɹɞɨɜ
Ɋɢɫɋɤɥɚɞɧɨɣɪɹɞɧɵɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɞɥɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɯɫɟɹɥɨɤɪɹɞɧɵɯɞɥɹ
ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟɄɚɠɞɨɟɩɥɟɱɨɪɹɞɧɨɝɨɦɚɪɤɟɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɞɥɹɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɚɢɥɢɲɬɵɪɹ
ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɦɚɫɥɚ Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦɢɬɟɥɚɦɢɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɩɥɨɯɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɟɝɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
 ɐɢɥɢɧɞɪɵ ɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ
ɦɚɫɥɚ
Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɫɥɢɜɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
ɆɈɇɌȺɀɌȺȿɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐȱəɊəȾɄɈȼɂɏ
ɆȺɊɄȿɊȱȼ
Ɇɚɥ  Ɋɭɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɥɶɧɢɤ ɪɹɞɧɢɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɿɜ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɧɢɯ
ɦɨɬɭɡɨɤɩɿɞɡɚɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ɇɚɥ  Ɇɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɪɹɞɤɨɜɢɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɦ
ɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɩɿɞɡɚɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɿɫɥɹɦɨɧɬɚɠɭɩɟɪɲɚɞɿʀɬɪɟɛɚɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɳɨɛɭɩɟɜɧɢɬɢɫɹɜɬɨɦɭɳɨ
ɧɿɹɤɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɧɟɪɭɯɚɸɬɶɫɹɞɨɭɩɨɪɭɐɟɣɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɜɢɦɚɝɚɽɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨʀɭɜɚɝɢ
ɬɚɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɦɚɳɟɧɧɹɬɚɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚɧɚɡɧɨɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɆɚɥɊɹɞɤɨɜɢɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɞɥɹɪɚɦɢɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɪɹɞɤɢȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɛɟɡɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ
ɆɚɥɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɢɣɪɹɞɤɨɜɢɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɞɥɹɪɚɦɢɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɆɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹɚɧɤɟɪɨɦɩɿɞɡɚɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ɇɚɥ  ɋɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɹɞɧɢɣɦɚɪɤɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɦɢ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸ ɦɆɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹɞɢɫɤɨɦɩɿɞɡɚɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɆɚɥȽɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɢɣɪɹɞɧɢɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɞɥɹɪɚɦɢɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸɦɩɿɞɡɚɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɞɥɹɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ1&
Ɇɚɥ  ɯɨɞɨɜɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɧɢɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɿ ɞɥɹ
ɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɪɹɞɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɚɦɢ ɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɨʀɞɿʀ
ɆɚɥɊɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɤɥɚɩɚɧɭɞɥɹɿɧɲɨɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɪɹɞɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɚɦɢ ɍɜɚɝɚ ɰɟɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɱɭɬɥɢɜɢɣ ɞɨ
ɡɚɛɪɭɞɧɟɧɧɹɦɚɫɥɚ
Ɇɚɥ  ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɿ ɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɿ ɪɹɞɤɨɜɿ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɦ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸ ɦ
ɬɚ  ɦ Ɂɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɞɚɧɿ ɪɹɞɧɿ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɿɧɰɹɯ ɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɧɚɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɹɚɥɟɩɨɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɦɭɡɚɩɢɬɭʀɯɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɶɡɿɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɦ
ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɢɦɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɳɨɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɹɞɤɨɜɢɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɩɟɪɟɞ
ɪɚɦɨɸɞɥɹɧɚɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɹɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɜɭɡɶɤɢɯɪɹɞɿɜ
Ɇɚɥɋɤɥɚɞɚɧɢɣɪɹɞɧɢɣɦɚɪɤɟɪɞɥɹɛɿɥɶɲɢɯɫɿɜɚɥɨɤɪɹɞɤɨɜɢɯɞɥɹ
ɤɭɤɭɪɭɞɡɢɁɞɜɨɽɧɚɪɚɦɚ¶¶
ɉɪɢɦɿɬɤɚɄɨɠɧɟɩɥɟɱɟɪɹɞɧɨɝɨɦɚɪɤɟɪɚɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɟɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ
ɞɥɹɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɫɬɨɩɨɪɚɮɿɤɫɚɬɨɪɚɚɛɨɫɬɪɢɠɧɹ
ȼɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɡ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɤɨɠɧɢɦ ɝɿɞɪɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɦ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɿɣɧɢɣ
ɤɥɚɩɚɧɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹɜɢɬɪɚɬɢɦɚɫɥɚ
Ɂɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɬɜɨɪɭ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɿɦɢ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɟ
ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɩɨɝɚɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɝɿɞɪɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɚ ɬɚ ɪɹɞɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɭ ɍ
ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɡɧɹɬɬɹ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɱɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɚɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɿɫɧɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ
 Ƚɿɞɪɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɢ ɪɹɞɧɢɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɿɜ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɿ ɨɛɦɟɠɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɢɬɪɚɬɢ ɦɚɫɥɚ
ȼɿɞɪɟɝɭɥɸɣɬɟɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɣɨɦɭɝɚɪɹɱɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ

18
A
1
Fig. 31
C
2
B
2
3
3
4
4
E
E
D
Fig. 32
Fig. 33
Fig. 34
Fig. 35
75
6
8