SKF Inspector 400 User manual

Inspector 400 Ultrasonic Probe
Model CMIN400
P/N 32183800
Revision A
WARNING! Read this manual before using this product.
Failure to follow the instructions and safety precautions in this
manual can result in serious injury. Keep this manual in a safe
location for future reference.
Copyright ©2009 by SKF Reliability Systems
All rights reserved.
5271 Viewridge Court
San Diego, CA 92123-1841 USA
Telephone: [phone],
Fax: [phone]
Customer Service: 1-800-523-7514

SKF Reliability Systems
For additional information on SKF Reliability Systems products, contact:
SKF Reliability Systems
5271 Viewridge Court • San Diego, California 92123 USA
Telephone: [phone] • FAX: [phone]
Web Site: www.skf.com/cm
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or
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and Africa)
® SKF is a registered trademark of the SKF Group
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
© SKF 2009
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the use of the information contained herein. SKF reserves the right to alter
any part of this publication without prior notice.
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#US05845230 • #US05854553 • #US05992237 • #US06006164 •
#US06199422 • #US06202491 • #US06275781 • #US06489884 •
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US 5,633,811 • US 5,870,699 • #WO_03_048714A1

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SKF Reliability Systems
Limited Warranty
WARRANTY
Subject to the terms and conditions contained herein, SKF warrants to the
Buyer that for the warranty period indicated below the products sold by
SKF that are listed below (the “Products”), when properly installed,
maintained and operated, will be free from defects in material and
workmanship and shall be fit for the ordinary purposes for which the
Products are designed.
BUYER’S LIMITED REMEDIES
This limited warranty defines SKF’s sole and exclusive liability and Buyer’s
sole and exclusive remedy for any claim arising out of, or related to, any
alleged deficiency in any Product sold by SKF, even if such claim is based
on tort (including negligence or strict liability), breach of contract, or any
other legal theory.
If the Product does not conform to this limited warranty, Buyer must notify
SKF or SKF’s authorized service representative within thirty (30) days of
discovery of the nonconformity; provided, however, that SKF shall not be
liable for any claim for which notice is received by SKF more than thirty
(30) days following the expiration of the applicable warranty period for the
Product. Upon receipt of timely notification from Buyer, SKF may, at its
sole option, modify, repair, replace the Product, or reimburse Buyer for
any payment made by Buyer to SKF for the purchase price of the Product,
with such reimbursement being pro rated over the warranty period.

WARRANTY PERIOD
Except as expressly provided below, the warranty period for each Product
shall commence on the date the Product is shipped by SKF to Buyer.
90-DAY WARRANTY
Products warranted for ninety (90) days by SKF are as follows: cable
assemblies, MARLIN QuickConnect (MQC), magnetic temperature probes,
and all refurbished equipment.
ONE-YEAR WARRANTY
Products warranted for one (1) year by SKF are as follows: all Microlog
products and accessories, all MARLIN data managers (MDM), all MARLIN
Condition Detectors (MCD), all Wireless Machine Condition Detectors
(WMCD), all Multilog Condition Monitoring Units (CMU, TMU), Multilog
Local Monitoring Units (LMU), all Wireless Monitoring Systems V/T, all
Vibration PenPlus, all Machine Condition Advisors (MCA), all transmitters,
all SKF software, all Monitor Interface Modules (MIM), all Machine
Condition Transmitters (MCT), MicroVibe P and Custom Products with the
prefix of CMCP (with the exception of any consumable or expendable
items).
TWO-YEAR WARRANTY
Products warranted for two (2) years by SKF are as follows: all standard
Eddy Probes, Eddy Probe Drivers, and Eddy Probe Extension Cables,
Multilog On-line Monitoring system (DMx), and all M800A and VM600
Machinery Monitoring Systems.
For all On-line Systems that have satisfied Criteria 1 and 2 below, the
warranty period shall be either thirty (30) months from the date the On-
line System is shipped by SKF to Buyer, two (2) years from the date the
On-line System is installed and commissioned by SKF, or two (2) years

from the date on which the installation of the On-Line System has been
audited and commissioned by SKF or its authorized service representative,
whichever period ends first.
Criteria 1.
Devices used with a Multilog Condition Monitoring Unit (CMU), Multilog
Local Monitoring Unit (LMU), including, but not limited to, the sensing
device, the interconnect cabling, junction boxes, if any, and the
communications interface, must consist only of SKF-supplied or SKF-
approved devices and/or components. The computer provided by Buyer
must meet the requirements stipulated by SKF.
Criteria 2.
SKF or its authorized service representative has installed the On-line
System or has audited the installation and commissioned the On-line
System.
“On-line Systems” are defined as systems consisting of Multilog Condition
Monitoring Unit(s) (CMU), Multilog Local Monitoring Unit(s) (LMU), and any
sensing or input devices, the interconnect cabling between the sensing or
input devices and the Multilog Condition Monitoring Unit(s) (CMU), Multilog
Local Monitoring Unit(s) (LMU), and the cabling between the Multilog
Condition Monitoring Unit (CMU), Multilog Local Monitoring Unit (LMU) and
the proprietary SKF communications interface with the host computer.

FIVE-YEAR WARRANTY
Products warranted for five (5) years by SKF are as follows: all standard
seismic sensors (accelerometers and velocity transducers).
OTHER SKF PRODUCTS
Any SKF product supplied hereunder but not covered by this limited
warranty shall be either covered by the applicable SKF limited warranty
then in place for such product or, if no such warranty exists, shall be
covered by the 90-day warranty stated above.
THIRD PARTY PRODUCT WARRANTIES
For any third party products sold to Buyer by SKF, SKF will transfer to
Buyer any warranties made by the applicable third party product vendor to
the extent such warranties are transferable.
CONDITIONS
As a condition to SKF’s warranty obligations hereunder and if requested or
authorized in writing by SKF, Buyer shall forward to SKF any Product
claimed by Buyer as being defective. Buyer shall prepay all transportation
charges to SKF’s factory or authorized service center. SKF will bear the
cost of shipping any replacement Products to Buyer. Buyer agrees to pay
SKF’s invoice for the then-current price of any replacement Product
furnished to Buyer by SKF, if the Product that was replaced is later
determined by SKF to conform to this limited warranty.
SKF shall not be obligated under this limited warranty or otherwise for
normal wear and tear or for any Product which, following shipment and
any installation by SKF (if required by the contract with the Buyer), has, in
SKF’s sole judgment, been subjected to accident, abuse, misapplication,
improper mounting or remounting, improper lubrication, improper repair
or alteration, or maintenance, neglect, excessive operating conditions or

for defects caused by or attributable to the Buyer, including without
limitation Buyer’s failure to comply with any written instructions provided
to Buyer by SKF.
SKF shall be free to conduct such tests, investigations and analysis of the
Products returned to SKF, as it deems reasonable and proper in the
exercise of its sole judgment. As a further condition to SKF’s obligations
hereunder, Buyer shall offer its reasonable cooperation to SKF in the
course of SKF’s review of any warranty claim, including, by way of example
only, Buyer’s providing to SKF any and all information as to service,
operating history, mounting, wiring, or re-lubrication of the Product which
is the subject of the Buyer’s warranty claim.
EXCEPT WARRANTY OF TITLE AND FOR THE WARRANTIES EXPRESSLY
SET FORTH IN HEREIN, IT IS UNDERSTOOD AND AGREED THAT: (a) SKF
MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR
INDEMNIFICATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT
LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT; (b) IN NO
EVENT SHALL SKF BE LIABLE OR OBLIGATED FOR SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, INCIDENTAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, GENERAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BY WAY OF EXAMPLE ONLY,
LOST PROFITS OR SAVINGS, LOSS OF BUSINESS OR LOSS OF USE) OR
ANY OTHER LOSS, COST OR EXPENSE IN CONNECTION WITH THE
PRODUCTS AND RELATED SERVICES, IF ANY, PROVIDED BY SKF, AND
THIS DISCLAIMER SHALL EXTEND AS WELL TO ANY LIABILITY FOR
NONPERFORMANCE CAUSED BY SKF’S GROSS OR ORDINARY
NEGLIGENCE, AND IN ALL CASES REGARDLESS OF WHETHER OR NOT
ANY OF THE FOREGOING WERE FORESEEABLE OR THAT SKF WAS
ADVISED AS TO THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, LOSS, COST, OR
EXPENSE; AND (c) NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED BY SKF TO
MAKE ANY FURTHER OR CONTRARY INDEMNITIES, REPRESENTATIONS
OR WARRANTIES ON BEHALF OF SKF. THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS
AND DISCLAIMERS OF LIABILITY SHALL BE MADE APPLICABLE TO THE

SALE OF ANY PRODUCT BY SKF TO THE FURTHEST EXTENT PERMITTED
BY APPLICABLE LAW.
The exclusive remedies provided in this limited warranty shall not be
deemed to have failed of their essential purpose so long as SKF is willing
and able to perform to the extent and in the manner prescribed in this
limited warranty.
® SKF, MARLIN, Microlog and Multilog are registered trademarks of the
SKF Group.
CM-F0001
(Revision P, 12-07)
SKF Reliability Systems
5271 Viewridge Court • San Diego, California 92123 USA
Telephone: [phone] • FAX: [phone] • Web:
www.skf.com/reliability

Inspector 400 Ultrasonic Probe TOC - 1
User Manual
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Safety Instructions .............................................1-1
Overview.....................................................................1-2
Specifications .............................................................1-6
Pistol Housing............................................................1-8
Scanning Module.......................................................1-9
Contact (Stethoscope) Module.............................. 1-11
Headset.................................................................... 1-13
Inspector 400 Applications 2
Leak Detection...........................................................2-1
Electric Arc, Corona, Tracking Detection................2-7
General Mechanical Inspection / Detection......... 2-10
Detecting Bearing Failure ..................................... 2-13
General Mechanical Trouble Shooting ................ 2-15
Locating Faulty Steam Traps................................ 2-16
Locating Faulty Valves........................................... 2-21

Inspector 400 Ultrasonic Probe 1 - 1
User Manual
1
Introduction
Safety Instructions
WARNING! Improper use of your ultrasonic
detector may result in death or serious injury.
Observe all safety precautions. Do not attempt to
make any repairs or adjustments while the
equipment is operating. Be sure to turn off and
lock out all electrical and mechanical sources
before performing any corrective maintenance.
Always refer to local guidelines for appropriate
lockout and maintenance procedures.
Safety Precaution
Although your ultrasonic instrument is intended for
use while equipment is operating, the close proximity
of hot piping, electrical equipment, and rotating parts
are all potentially hazardous to the user. Be sure to
use extreme caution when using your instrument
around energized equipment. Avoid direct contact
with hot pipes or parts, any moving parts or electrical
connections. Do not attempt to check findings by
touching the equipment with your hands or fingers.
Be sure to use appropriate lockout procedures when
attempting repairs.
Be careful with loose hanging parts such as the wrist
strap or headphone cord when inspecting near
moving mechanical devices since they may get caught.

Introduction
Overview
1 - 2 Inspector 400 Ultrasonic Probe
User Manual
Don't touch moving parts with the contact probe. This
may not only damage the part, but cause personal
injury as well.
When inspecting electrical equipment, use caution.
High voltage equipment can cause death or severe
injury. Do not touch live electrical equipment with
your instrument. Use the rubber focusing probe with
the scanning module. Consult with your safety
director before entering the area and follow all safety
procedures. In high voltage areas, keep the
instrument close to your body by keeping your elbows
bent. Use recommended protective clothing. Do not
get close to equipment. Your detector will locate
problems at a distance.
When working around high temperature piping, use
caution. Use protective clothing and do not attempt to
touch any piping or equipment while it is hot. Consult
with your safety director before entering the area.
Overview
Ultrasound technology is concerned with sound waves
that occur above human perception. The average
threshold of human perception is 16,500 Hz.
Although the highest sounds some humans are
capable of hearing is 21,000 Hz, ultrasound
technology is usually concerned with frequencies from
20,000 Hz and up. Another way of stating 20,000 Hz
is 20 kHz, or kilohertz. One kHz is 1,000 Hz.

Introduction
Overview
Inspector 400 Ultrasonic Probe 1 - 3
User Manual
Figure 1. High and Low Frequency Comparison.
Since ultrasound is a high frequency, it is a short wave
signal and the properties are different from audible or
low frequency sounds. A low frequency sound
requires less acoustic energy to travel the same
distance as high frequency sound (Figure 1).
Ultrasound technology utilized by the Inspector 400 is
generally referred to as airborne ultrasound.
Airborne ultrasound is concerned with the
transmission and reception of ultrasound through the
atmosphere without the need of sound conductive
(interface) gels. It can and does incorporate methods
of receiving signals generated through one or more
media via wave guides.
There are ultrasonic components in practically all
forms of friction. For example, if you rub your thumb
and forefinger together, you generate a signal in the
ultrasonic range. Although you might be able to very
faintly hear the audible tones of this friction, with the
Inspector 400 it could sound extremely loud.

Introduction
Overview
1 - 4 Inspector 400 Ultrasonic Probe
User Manual
The reason for the loudness is that the Inspector 400
converts the ultrasonic signal into an audible range
and then amplifies it. Due to the comparative low
amplitude nature of ultrasound, amplification is a very
important feature.
Although there are obvious audible sounds emitted by
most operating equipment, it is the ultrasonic
elements of the acoustic emissions that are generally
the most important. For preventative maintenance,
many times an individual listens to a bearing through
some simple type of audio pick-up to determine
bearing wear. Since that individual is hearing ONLY
the signal's audio elements, the results of that type of
diagnosis will be quite gross. The subtleties of change
within the ultrasonic range will not be perceived and
therefore omitted. When a bearing is perceived as
being bad in the audio range it is in need of immediate
replacement. Ultrasound offers a predictable
diagnostic capacity. When changes begin to occur in
the ultrasonic range, there is still time to plan
appropriate maintenance. In the area of leak
detection, ultrasound offers a fast, accurate method of
locating minute and gross leaks. Since ultrasound is a
short wave signal, the ultrasonic elements of a leak
are loudest and most clearly perceived at the leak site.
In loud factory type environments, this aspect of
ultrasound makes it even more useful.
Most ambient sounds in a factory block out the low
frequency elements of a leak and thereby render
audible leak inspection useless. Since the Inspector
400 is not capable of responding to low frequency
sounds, it hears only the ultrasonic elements of a leak.

Introduction
Overview
Inspector 400 Ultrasonic Probe 1 - 5
User Manual
By scanning the test area, a user may quickly spot a
leak.
Electrical discharges, such as arcing, tracking, and
corona, have strong ultrasonic components that may
be readily detected. As with generic leak detection,
these potential problems can be detected in noisy
plant environments with the Inspector 400.

Introduction
Specifications
1 - 6 Inspector 400 Ultrasonic Probe
User Manual
Specifications
Construction: Hand held ABS pistol type
ultrasonic processor stainless steel
sensor enclosures
Circuitry: SMD/Solid State hybrid hetrodyne
receiver
Frequency
Response:
20 to 100 kHz (centered at 38 to
42 kHz)
Indicator: 10 segment LED bargraph (red)
Sensitivity
Selection:
8 position precision attenuation
Power: 9 volt alkaline battery (non-
rechargeable)
Low Battery
Voltage
Indicator:
LED
Headset: Double headset wired monophonic,
Impedence: 16 ohms. Over 23 dB
noise attenuation.
Response time: 300 m sec.
Ambient
Operating
Temperature
Range:
0°to 50°C (32°to 120°F)
Relative
Humidity:
10 to 95% noncondensing at up to
30°C (86°F)

Introduction
Specifications
Inspector 400 Ultrasonic Probe 1 - 7
User Manual
Storage
Temperature:
-18°to 54°C (0°to 130°F)
Dimensions: 5.5" x 2" x 8" (14 mm x 5 mm x 20
mm)
Weight: 11 oz.(310 gms)
Probes
Scanning
Module (SCM-
1):
Stainless Steel unisonic (single
transducer) piezo electric crystal
type
Stethoscope
(contact)
Module:
Stainless Steel plug-in type with
5.5" Stainless Steel waveguide
Rubber
Focusing Probe:
Circular shaped, shields stray
ultrasound signals, focuses
detected signals
Carrying Case: Cordura / Nylon with die cut foam
Warranty: one year, parts / labor

Introduction
Pistol Housing
1 - 8 Inspector 400 Ultrasonic Probe
User Manual
The Inspector 400 provides easy, accurate leak
detection and mechanical inspection through
advanced ultrasonic technology.
Before you begin testing, it is advisable to familiarize
yourself with the basic components of your kit.
Figure 2. Inspector 400 Kit Contents.
Pistol Housing
The main component of the Inspector 400 is the pistol
housing. Let's define each part.
Bargraph Display - The display consists of a ten
segment LED bargraph that indicates ultrasonic signal
strength. A low number of LEDs indicate a low level
of ultrasound; more intense ultrasonic signals display
more LEDs.