Sharp MZ-700 Series Installation guide

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Personal Computer
IIIZ - b'illHID
DISK BASIC MANUAL
SHARP

DISK BASIC
Manual

Introductory Note
This manual is based upon the DISK BASIC Interpreter MZ-2Z009, the system
software of the MZ-700 personal computer.
(1) The DISK BASIC interpreter MZ-2Z009 includes all commands
of the
MZ-700 BASIC 1Z-013B. In other words, the DISK BASIC is an expansion of
the BASIC 1Z-013B.
(2) For the multi-purpose MZ-700 personal computer, the system software is
completely supported by a software pack (cassette tape, floppy disk, etc.) in
the
file form.
This system software and the contents
of this manual are subject to upgrading
changes for improvement, and for that reason the user
is urged to particularly
note the file version number. Please understand that
we cannot be responsible
for damage incurred during,
or as a result of operation.
(3) All system software for the MZ-700 series personal computer
is original
software of
SHARP Corporation, and is covered by applicable copyrights. The
copying
or reproduction of this software and/or this manual and its contents, in
whole
or in part, and by whatever means and for whatever reason, is expressly
forbidden without the written permission by
SHARP Corporation.

Introduction
We want to take this opportunity to thank you for purchasing the Sharp DISK BASIC
system software.
The manual provides a general explanation
of the use and programming of the DISK
BASIC system software for the personal computer.
This system software
is provided in the floppy disk format, and careful attention
should be given to the proper use and handling of the disk drive and the disks
themselves. Please refer to page
108 of this manual for information regarding the
proper handling
of the floppy disks.
When the floppy disk
is to be used, it is recommended that the disk, a copy which is
packed together with the original master disk (DISK BASIC), be used instead of the
master disk. This
is for protection of the master disk in the event of some unexpected
trouble which might make the master disk useless. Please store the master disk in a
safe place.
Before using the DISK BASIC please carefully and completely read this manual in
order to assure its correct use.

• Difference between the CASSETTE TAPE BASIC and
DISK BASIC.
The following commands are extended and supplemented in the difference between
the CASSETIE TAPE BASIC and DISK BASIC.
Extension Page Supplement Page Supplement Page
RUN ....................... 36
DIR ........................ 35
XOR ....................... 65
LOAD ..................... 37 LOCK ..................... 40
N()T ....................... 65
SAVE ...................... 38 UNLOCK ................ 41
OR ......................... 65
DELETE ................. 39 RENAME ................ 42
AND ....................... 65
MERGE .................. 43
CHAIN ................... 44
ROPEN # ................ 46 SWAP ..................... 45
INPUT # ................. 47 XOPEN # ................ 50
WOPEN # ............... 48
KILL # .................... 54
PRINT# ................. 49
DEFAULT ............... 55
INPUT # ( ) ........... 51 EOF# .................... 56
PRINT # ( ) ........... 52 LABEL ................... 57
CLOSE # ................ 53 WAIT ...................... 58
USR ....................... 62 SEARCH ................. 59
INP@ ..................... 63 INIT ........................ 60
OUT@ ................... 64
In addition to the above, there are the following differences:
CASSETIE TAPE BASIC DISK BASIC
If the space key is pressed, the LIST Once the space key is pressed, the LIST
display stops, and if it is not pressed, display stops, and, if it
is pressed for a
the LIST display continues. second time, the LIST display con-
tinues.
Relative to the data file, the CASSET- Relative to the data file, the DISK
TE TAPE BASIC takes the format BASIC takes the format INPUT #n,
INPUTrr, etc. etc ....
If, for any reason, the program execu- If CONT is possible, Ready is
dis-
tion
is interrupted, Ready is always played.
displayed.

CAS·SETTE TAPE BASIC DISK BASIC
CONT is possible after execution of
CONT is not possible after execution of
END statement. END statement.
IcrRLI + I]] has not effect.
IcrRLI + I]] initialize the color and con-
sole, aaQ il!iIlIilW~iI PbS:;r 8~.
Neglects space between reserved words; Does not neglect space between re-
considers
GO~TO~lO as GOTO~ 10. served words.
Does not consider
GO~TO~lO as
GOTO~lO.
Compared to the CASSETI'E TAPE BASIC, the user area of DISK BASIC is
slightly reduced so there are some instances in which a program made in
CASSETTE
TAPE BASIC cannot be read in (LOAD) and executed (RUN,
GOTO).
Because of extension, there are some instances that programs using BASIC
MONITOR with the USR function do not operate normally.The introduction of
file descriptor changes the error display partially.
• Notes concerning the control of the floppy disk
drive in
MZ- 700
• System composition
t:J-
Display CPU MZ-700
• Can be controlled also by MZ-700 by setting up the ROM explained on the next
page.

• Increase of floppy 'disk interface- ROM
• Floppy disk drive control ROM
If the DISK BASIC controls the floppy disk drive (MZ-1F02), connect the ROM chip
(see below) which
is packed together with the DISK BASIC to the socket of the
floppy disk interface (MZ-IEOS: optional).
If this ROM is not connected to the floppy
disk interface, the floppy disk drive cannot be controlled.
Note the following points when connecting the ROM to the interface:
• Take care not to drop, scratch or otherwise damage the ROM. Do not expose it to
a strong magnetic field.
• Take special care not to break or bend the pins of the ROM.
• Before pressing the ROM into the socket, be sure that its pins are correctly aligned
with the socket holes.
Be sure that the notches in the ROM and socket match each other before pressing
the ROM in.
Do not remove the seal attached to the ROM.
• Do not touch the pin of the ROM, because static electricity may destroy the ROM
contents.
Seal
N_-ctn

Contents
What the DISK BASIC is .................................................................... :....... 10
Section 1: DISK BASIC Outline ................................................................. 13
1.1 Starting the DISK BASIC ................................................................. 14
1.2 How to Copy the DISK BASIC ......................................................... 15
1.3 File Control ................................................................................... 17
1.4 Sequential Access File Control .......................................................... 18
1.5 Random Access File Control ............................................................. 23
1.6 PROGRAM CHAIN (CHAIN) ......................................................... 26
1.7 PROGRAM SWAP (SWAP) ............................................................ 27
1.8 Reserved Words ............................................................................. 28
1.9 List of File Input/Output Devices ..................................................... 31
1.10 Initial Settings ................................................................................ 31
Section 2: DISK BASIC Expansion, New Commands and Statements ........... 33
DIR ........................................................................................................ 35
RUN ....................................................................................................... 36
LOAD .................................................................................................... 37
SAVE ..................................................................................................... 38
DELETE ................................................................................................. 39
LOCK ..................................................................................................... 40
UNLOCK ................................................................................................ 41
RENAME ............................................................................................... 42
MERGE .................................................................................................. 43
CHAIN ................................................................................................... 44
SWAP ..................................................................................................... 45
ROPEN # ............................................................................................... 46
INPUT # ................................................................................................. 47
WOPEN # ............................................................................................... 48
PRINT # ................................................................................................. 49
XOPEN # ............................................................................................... 50
INPUT # ( ) ........................................................................................ 51
PRINT # ( ) ........................................................................................... 52

CLOSE # ................................................................................................ 53
KILL # ................................................... : ............................................... 54
DEFAULT .............................................................................................. 55
EOF(#) .................................................................................................. 56
LABEL
................................................................................................... 57
WAIT ..................................................................................................... 58
SEARCH ................................................................................................ 59
INIT ........................................................................................................ 60
USR ...................................................................................................... 62
INP@ ..................................................................................................... 63
OUT@ ................................................................................................ 64
Logical Operation ...................................................................................... 65
Section 3: BASIC Monitor Functions ......................................................... 67
3.1 Editing Format ............................................................................. 68
3.2 Printer Switch (P Command) ........................................................... 68
3.3 DUMP (D Command) ................................................................... 69
3.4 MEMORY SET (M Command) ....................................................... 69
3.5 FIND (F Command) ........................................................................ 70
3.6 GOSUB (G Command) ................................................................... 70
3.7 TRANSFER (T Command) .............................................................. 70
3.8 SAVE (S Command) ....................................................................... 70
3.9 LOAD (L Command) ...................................................................... 71
3.10 VERIFY (V Command) ................................................................... 71
3.11 RETURN (R Command) ................................................................. 71
Section 4: Application Programs ............................................................. 73
Use of the File Converter .......................................................................... 74
Section 5: DISK BASIC Summary .............................................................. 81
5.1 Summary of DISK BASIC Commands, Statements, Functions and
Operations
.................................................................................... 82
5.1.1 Commands .................................................................................... 82
5.1.2 File control statements ..................................................................... 84
5.1.3 BSD control statements .................................................................... 86

5.1.4 BRD control statements ................................................................... 87
5.1.5 Error processing statements .............................................................. 88
5.1.6 Substitution statements .................................................................... 89
5.1.7 Input/output and color control statements ............................................ 89
5.1.8 Loop statements .......................................................................... :.. 91
5.1.9 Branch statements ........................................................................... 92
5.1.10 Definition statements ....................................................................... 93
5.1.11 Comment statements and control statements ....................................... 94
5.1.12 Music control statements .................................................................. 95
5.1.13 Machine language program control statements ...................................... 96
5.1.14 Printer control statements ................................................................. 97
5.1.15 String control function ................................................................... 100
5.1.16 Tab function ................................................................................ 101
5.1.17 Arithmetic operators ..................................................................... 101
5.1.18 Comparison logic operators ............................................................. 101
5.1.19 Other symbols .............................................................................. 102
•
5.2 Error Message List (DISK BASIC) ................................................. 104
5.3 Memory Map........................................................ ..................... 107
5.4 Use of the Floppy Disk .................................................................. 108

10
What the DISK BASIC is
The DISK BASIC has a strong file control function relative to the cassette base
. BASIC. For example, it makes the most of the features of a disk base which has
high-speed read-outlwrite-in capabilities, and, more than simply serving for data
storage, the
file makes it possible to use the data area directly connected to the
computer system.
Moreover, because this DISK BASIC also includes the control functions related to the
RS-232C interface, it makes it possible to control various devices, by using the
MZ-SBI03 serial interface (optional).
Thus, it can be said that the DISK BASIC
is a new system software which permits the
expansion of the software range of the personal computer.
By understanding this DISK BASIC and making full use of its many functions, the
user can create a higher level system.
• File
The computer can exchange data and programs between peripheral devices (floppy
disk, cassette recorder, printer, etc.). The units of these data and programs are called
files.
• File cl.ssificatlon
There are two types of files: data files and program files.
1
Data files ..... These files store numbers, characters, etc. as data.
(BASIC sequential access data files .....
BSD)
Files BASIC random access data files ..... BRD
Program files ..... These files store programs just as they are.
(BASIC text programs ..... BTX )
Machine language programs ..... OBJ
Computer systems can be thought of as either of two fundamental types of systems:
logical internal systems composed of data-processing equipment and main memories,
and external filing systems composed of processed data and program banks.

11
• Data file control
There are two types of data files, depending upon the format offile access (the method
of data read-out and write-in). One is called the sequential access
file and the other is
called the random access file.
With the sequential access file, the file data access
is treated as one sequential block.
The
file name is specified for one group of data, and such data are accessed in order
from the heading at the time of registration
or read-out of the file.
For the random access file on the other hand, the filed data are accessed at random.
One random access file is composed of one data group designated by its own file
name. Each group of data is registered in the file in a parallel arrangement, and
write-in and read-out of each data group
is possible by using the number (expression)
assigned to that data.
If, for example, a collection of certain data can be handled as a connected group (such
as, for example, data consisting ofa series ofdecimal expressions used when producing
machine language programs by BASIC POKE command and elements of tables that
can be presented in order from the heading, etc.), collection of such data
in a
sequential access
file can be useful and effective. The registration of data in a random
access file, on the other hand, can be useful when it
is necessary to not only consider
the group of overall data but to read-out and/or write-in each element (when it
is
necessary, for example, to rewrite data or to search, arrange, delete, etc.).

12
• Program file control
The BASIC program file control commands CHAIN (page 44) and SWAP (page 45)
are for read-out of another program in the memory during the execution of one
program and moving the control to that program.
As shown in the figure below, CHAIN has the same function as the
<goto
"filename">. (For detailed information, please refer to page 26.)
file "ABC" file "DEF"
10
PRINT "MZ-700" ,.-
10 PRINT "DISK BASIC"
20
20
, ,
,
,
100
CHAIN "DEF" -
100
END
CHAIN
SWAP has the same function as the <gosub "filename">. After execution of
movement from the currently executing program to a separate program, it
is then
possible to return to the first program. (For detailed information, refer to page 27.)
file "GHI" file "JKL"
10
PRINT "MZ-700"
,---
10
INPUT A, B
20
!
20
FOR A=B TO A*B
50
SWAP "JKL"
f---
,
IL-
i
200
END 150 END
SWAP
In addition it is also possible to control the various files as utility programs files and
commands of the machine language program files.

Section 1
DISK BASIC OUTLINE
This section explains the features of the DISK BASIC and outlines the file
controls. First
of all is an explanation of the DISK BASIC starting method.
Section 2 includes a syntax explanation
of the new commands and statements
which the DISK BASIC has, and Section 5 includes a summary
of all commands,
statements, functions and operations which it has.

14
1.1 Starting the DISK BASIC
To make the DISK BASIC run, first perform initial loading by the IPL (Initial
Program Loader). The initial loading is easily executed. With the floppy disk drive
connected to the computer, switch the power supply ON and then set the disk in which
the DISK BASIC
is included to drive number 1 (FDl).
After making the setting, the DISK BASIC will start when the power supply of the
computer
is switched ON and F is input.
The figure below shows that DISK BASIC
is started, and the BASIC command level
condition
is indicated by the flashing of the cursor.
Disk Basic
Co p y rig ht
nt er pr et er MZ- XXXXX VX. XX
(C) 1984 by SHARP Corp.
XXXXX bytes free
Note:
Ready
•
Please specify the default device as a cassette during write-in or read-in of a program
from a cassette tape, thus starting the DISK BASIC.
DEFAULT "CMT:"
(Refer to page 55.)
• Automatic execution of BASIC text AUTO RUN
The execution of AUTO RUN is included in the functions noted above. When the
DISK BASIC is loadeQ and the byte size which indicates the size of the text area is
displayed, the master disk is accessed once again. When the initial loading finished,
the DISK BASIC automatically executes the RUN"
AUTO RUN n command, Le., the
program text with the "AUTO RUN"
file name is read out from the same master disk,
and execution
is from that heading. The program which defines the definable function
•

15
,
key is registered by this file name on the supported master disk.
In addition, because the NEW command
is at the end of this program, "READY" is
displayed after execution, and the text is erased before the cursor begins flashing.
(Here, try the execution of LOAD "AUTO RUN" and check the list.)
If you want to start a certain program after the start of the DISK BASIC, the file
name
of that program should be saved on the master disk as "AUTO RUN."
1.2 How to Copy the Disk Basic
Start the DISK BASIC and prepare a new floppy disk for copying.
Execute the directory
of DISK BASIC (DIR: refer to page 35) and "FDCOPY".
01 R "F 0 1 : " ICRI ......... Perform the directory of floppy disk drive number
1. The screen becomes as follows when this com-
mand is executed:
OIR "F01:"
01 RECTORY OF F01: XXKB FREE.
OBJ*"OISK BASIS Ul XXX)H( i:)e.\'\.;'t>~.
-IIIOBJ * "F OCOPY"
I
iOBJ* "TRANS"
r--J BTX* "AUTO RUN"
I1 Ready
L_III
• Using the ill key, move the cursor to the position of the -sign and press the ~
key.
(RUN "FOCOPY")
When "FDCOPY" is executed, the screen becomes as follows.

16
FD
For mat I Copy Ut i lit Y VX. xx
[
Funct
i on I
F
For mat
d i s k
C
Copy
d i s k
I
Bo ot
[ Co mma n d are a I
*-
Insert the floppy disk prepared into drive number 2. When "F" is pressed, the screen
becomes
as follows and the drive number is asked, so specify number 2.
*F .............................. ..
Drive No.?2
OKI
Input the drive number. In this instance, the drive
number
is 2. When the drive number is input, the
floppy disk in this drive
is initialized.
*_ .. ...... .... .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. Indicates the end of floppy disk initialization and
the waiting condition for the next command.
If there is SYSTEM software in the floppy disk inserted into the floppy disk drive, the
display
is as follows and confirmation is asked.
This is Master-Disk
For ma t [Y I NI? N The meaning of display is as follows:
The floppy disk inserted into the
1>pecified drive
contains the SYSTEM software;
is initialization
and erasure OK?
If it's OK, input Y; if it's not OK, input N.

17
*111.................................... If N is input, changes to the condition of awaiting
the next command, and, if Y
is input, the floppy
disk
is initialized and changes to the condition of
awaiting the next command.
If C is input, the screen becomes as follows:
*C ............................. Copies the entire floppy disk.
Source Drive NO.?1
............ Specifies the drive of the inserted source disk (original
disk) (drive number 1, in this instance).
De s t n a t ion Dr i ve No.? 2
........... " Specifies the drive of the inserted destination disk
(new disk) (drive number 2, in this instance).
*III .............................. Indicates the end of the entire floppy disk copying and
awaiting the next command.
Then the copying of the DISK BASIC
is finished. The DISK BASIC is started when
" ! " is input.
Note:
If the source drive and the destination drive are the same, refer to REFERENCE
(page 78).
1.3 File Control
There are, as mentioned in the "File" section, 3 types of files produced by the DISK
BASIC: the 2 types
of data files, sequential access files (BSD) and random access files
(BRD), and the BASIC text (BTX) program files. The other type
of file: the machine
language program files (OBJ),
is a file which registers programs prepared in the
MONITOR mode, etc. on the floppy disk. This can be a program by itself or it can be
linked to a BASIC text as a BASIC machine language area. Thus, even though it can
be used with the DISK BASIC, it
is not a file to prepare and to change its contents
with the DISK BASIC.

18
DISK BASIC
Sequential Access File }
data file
BASIC Text Files }
L .. __ --:---r-------. program file.
_ Machine Language
Program Files
As the various file control commands are explained, first the preparation method, the
use, and the features of the 2 types of data files
will be explained, followed by an
explanation of the use of the CHAIN and SWAP commands of the program files.
1.4 Sequential Access File Control
Sequential access files are data files in which the registration or read-out of data is in
the sequential access format. The sequential access format is, as mentioned previously,
a format
in which access to the data is in sequential order from the heading.
The method of making a data
file on a cassette file has already been explained in the
BASIC manual for the MZ-IZ013B. Sequential access for the DISK BASIC is exactly
the same except that the
file is made on the disk rather than a cassette. Naturally, the
access speed
is much faster, and, because several new file control commands can be
used for disk access, the breadth of useful functions for
file management is also
enlarged.
First,
we will compare the composition of sequential access commands for DISK
BASIC and for CASSETTE BASE BASIC.
File registration (data write-in)
DISK BASIC CASSETTE BASE BASIC
File open command WOPEN #n, "fjJename" WOPEN "filename"
Data write-in command PRINT #n, data
PRINTIT data
File close command CLOSE #n
CLOSE
Cancel command KILL
#n
--

19
i
File call (data read-out)
DISK BASIC
CASSETIE BASE BASIC
File open command ROPEN
#n, "fjJename" ROPEN "fjJename"
Data read-out command INPUT
#n, variable INPUTfT variable
File close command CLOSE #n
CLOSE
File end detection IF EOF (#n) THEN
--
As you can see, comparison of the various commands shows an almost I-to-l
relationship. Note, however, that DISK BASIC commands always include elements
#n. These numbers are called logical numbers, and must always be designated for
DISK BASIC file access.
For
CASS~TIE BASE BASIC, file access for data write-in or read-out is limited to
one file. For DISK BASIC, however, contains several files in order to make the best
use of its random access feature at will, so that it
is possible to simultaneously control
several (maximum 10) files. And, if a file
is opened, optionally selected logical
numbers can be defined and thereafter used for designation of the pertinent file,
thereby eliminating the necessity
of using the file name each time.
Example:
As a simple example, let's consider the registration of a person's name and address in
the sequential access file. Thus, all available addresses can be stored one after the
other in the file.
Take, for example, the following file:
filename = If ADDRESS LIST"
Name I
Address I
Name I
Address I
Name I
Address I