Sharp MZ-80B User manual

Personal Computer
IIIZ·OOODU
OWNER'S MANUAL
SHARP

SHARP
Personal Computer
MZ-808
Owner's Manual
September 1981
080211-010981
Printed in Japan
©SHARP CORPORATION

~----------------------IMPORTANT----------------------~
For users in the United Kingdom:
The wires in
the power cable of this device are colored in accordance with the follow-
ing code:
BLUE Neutral
BROWN: Live
As
the colors of the wires in the power cable of this device may not correspond with
the colored markings identifying the terminals in your plug, proceed as follows:
• The blue colored wire must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the
letter N or colored black.
• The brown colored wire must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the
letter L or colored red.
ii

Preface
This manual describes the Sharp MZ-80B personal computer. Read this manual thoroughly to be-
. come familiar with
the operating procedures and precautions before operating your MZ-80B. This
manual is
one of a series of publications describing the MZ-80B and associated software.
• Owner's Manual ... This publication
• BASIC Language Manual
• MONITOR SB-1510 Reference Manual
Chapters 1 and 2 describe
the features of the MZ-80B and general operating procedures; read these
chapters first. Chapter 3 and 4 describe the hardware. This information will be helpful
to you if you
intend to expand system.
All software
is supplied in the form of files. A cassette tape which contains the SB-5510 BASIC
interpreter and MONITOR SB-151 0 (which support
the standard BASIC programming language) is
included with the MZ-80B.
Refer to the BASIC Language Manual for details on the BASIC language.
For details on MONITOR SB-151 0, refer to the MONITOR SB-151 0 Reference Manual.
Keep
the warranty card and list of service centers as well as this manual and the other two man-
uals.
iii

Precautions
The MZ-80B is one of the finest personal computers in the world; its design incorporates all the
technical knowledge accumulated by Sharp in its many years of experience in the electronics field. All
units are thoroughly inspected prior
to shipment so that each will operate normally when it is un-
packed. However, be sure to check visually for any damage caused during transportation.
If any
damage
is found or any parts are missing, contact you r dealer immediately.
Observe
the following guidelines to keep your set in optimum operating condition:
• .Do not place the MZ-80B in locations where the temperature is extremely high or low or where it
varies
to a great extent. Avoid exposing the unit to direct sunlight, vibration or dust.
• Handle the power cable carefully to prevent it from being damaged. When removing it from the
AC outlet, turn the power off first, then pull the plug (do not pull on the cable).
• If the power switch is turned off then immediately turned on again, initialization may not be per-
formed correctly. Allow a few moments
after turning the power off before turning it on.
For more detailed information, see Appendix 4.
iv

Contents
bnportant 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o0 0 0 0 0 ooo0 0 0 0 oo0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o0 0 oo0 oooooooooo ii
Preface 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iii
Precautions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iv
Chapter 1 The World of the MZ-808 Personal Computer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 1
101 Features 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
lolol Memory configuration 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
10102 Superb operability 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
102 Expansion equipments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Chapter 2 Using the MZ-808 0 0 • 0 0 0 • , 0 •• 0 0 ••• 0 ••• 0 •••• 0 •• 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • • • 9
201 Initial program loading 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
20101 Activating system software contained in a cassette tape file 0 0 0 0 0 11
201.2 Activating system software stored in a diskette file 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12
201.3 Flow chart of Initial Program Loader 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13
202 Keyboard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15
20201 Main keyboard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16
20202 Numeric pad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21
20203 Special function keys 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22
2.02.4 Cursor control keys 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24
20205 Cassette tape deck control keys 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25
2 0 3 Display 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26
203.1 Character display control system 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26
2 0 3 0 2 Graphic display control system 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29
Chapter 3 Option Device Installation ° 0 •• 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • • • 31
3 01 Installation of optional devices in the main cabinet of MZ-80B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32
301.1 Installing the Expansion RAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34
3 0 1.2 Installing the Graphic Memory 1 Card 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35
301.3 Installing the Expansion 1/0 Port 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36
v

3.2 Setting option device interface cards in the expansion 1/0 port . . . . . . . . 37
3.2.1 Setting
the Graphic Memory 2 Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.2.2 Other interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Chapter 4 Hardware Configuration of the MZ-808 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.1 The MZ-80B system diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
4.2 Memory configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2.1
4.2.2
Memory map for initial program loading state .............. .
Memory map for normal state
.. .. ...................... .
42
43
4.2.3 Memory map for V-RAM accessing state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
4.3 Signal system for the 8255 block, the 8253 block and the IPO block . . . 48
4.3.1 Signal system for
the 8255 block . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.3.2 Signal system for
the 8253 block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.3.3 Signal system for the Z80A-PIO block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.4 The MZ-80B circuit diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
A.l Z80A-CPU technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
A.2 Z80A-PIO technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
A.3 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
A.4 Caring for
the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
SUPPLEMENT Complete MZ-808 IPL Assembly Listing
vi

Chapter 1
The World of the MZ-808 Personal Computer
What can computers do? You will see that computers are used for many different purposes in
many places. Computers carry out complicated scientific calculations, various business procedures,
simulations and statistical processing with the aid of high level languages such as BASIC, PASCAL,
FORTRAN and COBOL. Computers operate measuring systems and automatic control systems in a
variety
of plants and networks. In laboratories engaged in software development, the computer is even
used to
study itself.
What can your MZ-80B do? There is no definite answer to this question, since the MZ-80B can be
used in such a wide
range of applications. You may apply it to any purpose you wish.
Chapter 7 of this manual describes the features of the MZ-80B, hardware expansion and the scope
of the software.
I

2
1.1 Features
The MZ-80B is a compact personal computer with superb operability which features a variety of
software and freely expandable hardware.
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the main memory form
the nucleus of the computer. The
MZ-80B uses the Z80A microprocessor (equivalent to the LH0080A produced by Sharp), one of the
best microprocessors currently available for central processing units. The main memory which can be
directly accessed
by the CPU is constituted entirely of random access memory. It is expandable to
64K bytes. Consequently, no fixed programs or data reside in the main memory and any type of
system software can be loaded into it from an external file. This makes it possible to make the best
possible use
of the main memory area.
The
1/0 devices, timer, initial program loader, etc., support the CPU and main memory. The initial
program loader
is automatically started when the power switch of the MZ-80B is turned on. It loads
programs from a cassette
tape or diskette file, then transfers control to the program loaded.
A typewriter keyboard, numeric pad, special function keys, cursor control keys and cassette
tape
deck control keys are included on the control panel. A variety of control commands and data can be
entered with these keys.
Both character display and graphic display are possible, allowing various forms
of data representa-
tion.
FIGURE 1.1 Personal Computer MZ-80B

3
1.1.1 Memory configuration
Random access memory (RAM) is
the type of memory which is most naturally suited to comput-
ers. When this
type of memory is employed, the user can select the programming language and the pro-
gram
to be executed at will. The MZ-80B employs this method to allow you to select the programming
language which best suits
your purpose. Further , if you want the computer to execute a machine
language program,
you can code and execute it.
In
the MZ-80B, the IPL (Initial Program Loader) automatically loads programs which are stored on
cassette tape or (if a disk drive is connected) diske tte into the main memory when the power is turned
on , then transfers control to the program loaded. Initial program loading from cassette tape is com-
pleted in a few minutes; loading from a diskette
is accomplished in seconds.
The IPL
is stored in ROM (Read Only Memory). This ROM address space is different from that of
the main memory, and it is automatically activated when the power is turned on. See FIGURE 1.2.
Main Memory
64k bytes
(32k bytes
:Optional)
RAM
Normal state
c
p
u
Boot state
FIGURE 1.2
IPL
ROM

4
1.1.2 Superb operability
The MZ-80B becomes a BASIC language computer after the
SB-5 510 BASIC interpreter has been
loaded and activated
by the IPL. You can now perform a wide variety of operations with the MZ-80B,
such as data input and output, text file generation, debugging and file access.
The MZ-80B's superb operability and expandability will help you to perform such operations with
ease.
• Keys on the console are divided into groups according to their functions. The main typewriter
keyboard and
the numeric pad are located at the front of the console. The special function keys,
cursor control keys and cassette tape deck control keys are located under
the CRT display screen
and cassette tape deck.
All ordinary operations
other than power on/off can be performed with these keys.
• Alphabetic characters, numerics and symbols are all input from the typewriter keyboard. The (RYSJ
key allows input of reverse characters and the r-GRPH Ikey enables input of graphic patterns from
the keyboard.
Small letters are normally
input from the console of the MZ-80B by pressing the[ SHIFT Ikey.
A command
is provided, however, which makes it possible to reverse the shift function so that
capital letters are input when the[ SHIFT Ikey is pressed. Tabulation settings can also be made
by the program.
These functions improve
the efficiency of message coding and table and graph editing. The cursor
control keys allow these tasks
to be performed even more efficiently.
• A separate numeric pad including 0 ~ 0, [ oo I, [!] , c=::J and 8 keys is also provided. This
is convenient when
input of large amounts of numeric data is required. The numeric keys are
scanned
by a different scan signal than that which scans the numeric keys on the typewriter key-
board. This makes various applications possible.
For example, keys on the numeric pad can be
easily operated with
the right hand as real time operation interruption keys.
• Functions of the 10 special function keys are all user definable. Therefore, by defining a special
function key as a frequently used command,
the command can be executed just by pressing the
key once.
The MZ-80B uses the high speed Z80A-CPU which allows instructions to be executed in halfthe time required by
the Z80-CPU.

5
• The cassette tape deck is controlled by software. All cassette tape operations, i.e., storing, loading
and verifying data
and rewinding, fast-forwarding and stopping the tape, are performed by the pro-
gram.
The APSS (Automatic Program Search System) fast-forwards the tape until the specified file is
found.
Automatic functions allow the cassette tape deck to be operated much more efficiently than has
been possible in
the past.
Manual operation keys,[
REW], [£D, [sToP] and [EJEcT], are provided on the console.
• The MZ-80B has a superior display system with the following features; it displays all characters
and
patterns input from the keyboard in any mode; it operates in either the 40 or 80 characters/
line mode;
the scrolling area can be restricted to a part of the screen; and black and white can be
reversed.
Further, 2 optional graphic memories which enable graphic display of 320 x 200 dots per frame
can be added to
the MZ-80B. With this high resolution, the range of possible applications for the
MZ-80B becomes very wide indeed.

6
1.2 Expansion equipments
A variety of peripheral devices is available for expanding the MZ-80B personal computer system.
FIGURE 1.3 shows a typical expanded system configuration. With
the floppy disk drive, numerous
data and program files can
be stored and accessed at high speed. With the printer , hard copies of list-
ings and printed graphic patterns can
be obtained. This improved processing efficiency, resulting in
a wider range
of applications.
The MZ-80B dual floppy disk drive uses a double density mini-floppy diskette (286K bytes/disket-
te) with a diameter
of 5.25 inches, both sides of which are used for recording. It enables use of the
DISK BASIC inter-Pret(!r., which is suitable for practical business applications of the double precision
DISK BASIC interpreter, which performs 16 digit BCD operations. Thus,
the expanded system ex-
hibits an ability which
is comparable with that of larger computers with the aid of a variety of the
floppy disk operating system software.
The compact MZ-80P5 line printer enables not only program listing, but also graphic pattern print-
ing in
the image mode.
FIGURE 1.3 Typical expansion system

7
FIGURE 1.4 shows peripheral devices which can be connected to the MZ-80B. Devices which are
enclosed in a thick solid line are connected
to the expansion 1/0 port via interface cards or connected
to the specified connectors in the main cabinet.
~----------------------------------,
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MZ-80B CRT I
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DISPLAY I
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V-RAM I
RAM
_/1---
-Graph 8KB I
32KB
v--
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V-RAM V-RAM UNIVERSAL
rt-PTR. PTP
RAM
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Charact. 2KB Gra
ph 8KB -1/0 etc.
32KB
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t1 TELETYPEWRIT
BOOT ROM l/L--- 1
et c.
2KB 1'-r- I
ER
IEEE-488 I IEEE-488 standar
-INTERFACE T devices
CPU ,, " 7 " EXT.
SYSTEM
BUS
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Z80A
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PRINTER
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INTERFACE
PRINTER
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FD FLOPPY I
r-
INTERFACE DISK
KEY BOARD I
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MCR
~II MARK CARD I
Vt.
I-
INTERFACE
SOUND rv- CASSETTE 1 READER
I
HD I IHARD DISK I
r--
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INTERFACE I
TIMER
· ~
I
~
COLOR DSPL. H--11 f~f.PLILIGENTI '--
INTERFACE TERMINAL
I I
: II
COLOR I
DISPLAY
---------------------------------~
FIGURE 1.4 MZ-80B system extension

Chapter 2
Using
the MZ-808
This chapter describes the constituent units of the MZ-808 and their functions.
• Locations of constituent units
• Use and function of the Initial Program Loader
• Functions of keys on the keyboard
• Outline of display control systems
9

10
• Top VIew of the MZ-SOB
CRT display
Cassette tape
compartment
Name plate
Special function
keys- i~~~~~~~:::~~---:::::~~~~ - Cursor control keys
FIGURE 2.1
• Rear view of the MZ-SOB
Brightness con
FIGURE 2.2
L...o=:--+-1-+-- Cassette deck
control keys
\4---\--lr---t-+-- Numeric pad
Frame ground
1/0 module acce~s
window No. 1-6

11
2.1 Initial program loading
All MZ-80B system software is supported by cassette tape or diskette files.
When
the power switch of the MZ -80B is turned on, the Initial Program Loader (a file reading pro-
gram mandatory for activation
of system software) starts. The loader reads the system software from
cassette tape
or diskette files and, upon completion of loading, transfers system control to the loaded
program.
This action takes place automatically the instant
the power switch of the MZ-80B is turned on.
Accordingly, in order
to activate system software stored in a cassette tape file, you must load the
cassette tape recorder with the corresponding cassette before turning on the MZ-80B; to activate sys-
tem software stored in a diskette file,
the corresponding diskette must be placed in drive No. 1 of the
floppy disk unit connected to the MZ-80B before the power is turned on.
2.1.1 Activating system software contained in a cassette tape file
Load the cassette
tape into the cassette tape recorder and energize the MZ-80B. See FIGURE 2.3.
Load the cassette tape into the MZ -80B
FIGURE 2.3
The MZ-80B searches and loads the system software automatically. In this state the following
messages are shown. See FIGURE 2.4.
This message indicates that the MZ-80B is searching for
the system software on the tape.
This message indicates that loading
of the BASIC inter-
preter
is in progress.
FIGURE 2.4

12
FIGURE 2.5 shows that the loaded BASIC interpreter SB-5510 has been started.
FIGURE 2.5 Message indicating that BASIC interpreter SB-5510 has been started
Subsequently, the cassette tape
is automatically rewound.
2.1.2 Activating system software stored in a diskette file
Energize
the floppy disk unit and place the master diskette in drive No. I; energize the MZ-80B.
The MZ-80B loads
the system software automatically.
After a few seconds, a message should appear indicating
that DISK BASIC interpreter SB-651 0
has been activated.
A special method of loading system programs from a ROM card connected to the expansion I/0 port is possible. The
IPL
of the MZ-80B enables system program loading in this manner; when the IPL is started with the "/" (slash) key
depressed, it loads the program from the memory connected
to the expansion 1/0 port.

13
2.1.3 General flow chart for Initial Program Loading
Initial Program Loading
is normally accomplished by the above simple operation.
Individual operations needed
to perform Initial Program Loading in special cases (for example,
when loading from a cassette tape file with
the floppy disk unit connected to the MZ-80B; or when
loading from a drive
other than drive No. 1) and measures to prevent errors are described later.
FIGURE 2.6 depicts the general flow chart for Initial Program Loading. Execution
of Initial Pro-
gram Loading normally progresses as indicated by the solid line; however, manual operations may be
required depending
upon conditions at the branchpoints.
I Power-SW
ON
I I IPL Reset-
SW ON I
I I
t
~
"C " Key?
No
a Yes
FD Connection? /
No
FD Power-
SW ?
OFF
ON
Diskette setting?
\No
Yes
I SET READY
FOR FD
[SET READY FOR CMT l I
~
f SELECT CMT OR
FD
No Tape setting?
"C" key: Cassette tape
Yes "
F" key: Floppy diskette
I Program search I
& load /
"C " Key?
No
~
~
OBJECT Mode? Program search
"F" Key?
Yes'
& load Yes
r
Break
No'
DRIVE NO? (1-4)
Error
~
NoJ
I
Jump to the
I
loaded program CMT : Cassette Magnetic Tape
FD floppy d1sk Dnve
FIGURE 2.6 General flow chart for lPL