Sharp MZ-700 Series User manual

PersonalComputer
im-7/m
OWNER'SMANUAL
SHARP

IMPORTANT
Thewiresinthismainsleadarecolouredinaccordancewiththe
followingcode:
BLUE:Neutral
BROWN:Live
Asthecoloursofthewiresinthemainsleadofthisapparatusmaynot
correspondwiththecolouredmarkingsidentifyingtheterminalsin
yourplugproceedas follows.
ThewirewhichiscolouredBLUEmustbeconnectedtotheterminal
whichismarkedwiththeletterN orcolouredblack.
ThewirewhichiscolouredBROWNmustbeconnectedtotheter-
minalwhichismarkedwiththeletterL orcolouredred.
ThisapparatuscomplieswithrequirementsofEECdirective76/889/EEC.
DasGeratstimmtmitdenBedingungenderEG-Richtlinien76/889/EWG
iiberein.
CetappareilrepondauxspecificationsdeladirectiveCCE76/889/CCE.
DitapparaatvoldoetaandevereistenvanEEG-reglementen76/889/EEG.
Apparatetopfylderkravenei EFdirektivet76/889/EF.
Quest'apparecchioe statoprodottoinconformitaalledirettiveCEE
76/889/CEE.

PersonalComputer
mz-Tffixo)
Owner's
Manual
©SHARPCORPORATION

NOTICE
ThismanualhasbeenwrittenfortheMZ-700seriespersonalcomputersandthe
>BASICinterpreterwhichisprovidedwiththeMZ-700.
*iwXliffY
*m M • m ii
|(1)AllsystemsoftwarefortheMZ-700seriescomputersissupportedinsoftware
packs(cassettetape,etc.)infileform.Thecontentsofallsystemsoftwareandthe
materialpresentedinthismanualaresubjecttochangewithoutpriornotice
iforthepurposeofproductimprovementandotherreasons,andcareshouldbe
takentoconfirmthatthefileversionnumberofthesystemsoftwareusedmatches
thatspecifiedinthismanual.
T.
*- •
I
$(2)AllsystemsoftwarefortheSharpMZ-700seriespersonalcomputerhasbeen
developedbytheSharpCorporation,andallrightstosuchsoftwarearereserved.
fReproductionofthesystemsoftwareorthecontentsofthisbookisprohibited.
t
*
4
|(3)Thiscomputerandthecontentsofthismanualhavebeenfullycheckedfor
completenessandcorrectnesspriortoshipment;however,ifyoushouldencoun-
teranyproblemsduringoperationorhaveanyquestionswhichcannotberesolv-
T
iedbyreadingthismanual,pleasedonothesitatetocontactyourSharpdealer
forassistance.
Notwithstandingtheforegoing,notethattheSharpCorporationanditsrepre-
sentativeswillnotassumeresponsibilityforanylossesordamagesincurredas
V
$a resultofoperationoruseofthisequipment.

Preface
Congratulationsonyourpurchaseofa SharpMZ-700seriespersonalcomputer.Beforeusing
yourcomputer,pleasereadandmakesureyouunderstandtheoperatingprocedureswhich
aredescribedinthismanual.Thefeaturesandgeneraloperatingproceduresaredescribedin
Chapters1 and3,sopleasereadthosechaptersfirst.
AllsoftwarefortheMZ-700seriescomputersisdistributedoncassettetape.
ThecassettetapeincludedwiththecomputercontainsBASIC1Z-013B,a highlevelBASIC
interpreterwhichenablesprogrammingintheBASIClanguageandmakesitpossibletoutilize
thefullcapabilitiesoftheMZ-700.TheBASIC1Z-013Binterpreterandproceduresforitsuse
arefullydescribedinthismanual.

MZ-700OWNERS MANUAL
CONTENTS
Chapter1 TheworldofMZ-700SeriesPersonalComputer
1.1 FeaturesoftheMZ-700Series10
1.2 UsingthisManual12
1.3AnIntroductiontotheWorldofComputers13
Chapter2 BASIC
2.1 IntroductiontoProgramminginBASIC16
2.2 AnOutlineofBASIC21
2.3 FrequentlyUsedBASICCommandsandStatements28
2.4 Built-inFunction71
2.5 StringFunction76
2.6 Colordisplaystatement80
2.7 ColorPlotter-PrinterCommands82
2.8 MachineLanguageProgramControlStatements91
2.9 I/OStatements95
2.10OtherStatements96
2.11MonitorFunction99
Chapter3 OperatingtheMZ-700
3.1 AppearanceoftheMZ-700SeriesPersonalComputers104
3.2 ConnectiontoDisplayUnit106
3.3 DataRecorder108
3.4 ColorPlotter-Printer110
3.5 KeyOperation114
Chapter4 Hardware
4.1 MZ-700SystemDiagram122
4.2 Memoryconfiguration123
4.3 MemoryMappedI/O($E000-$E008)130
4.4 SignalSystemofColorV-RAM133
4.5 MZ-700CircuitDiagrams134
Chapter5 MonitorCommandsandSubroutines
5.1 MonitorCommands146
5.2 FunctionsandUseofMonitorCommands147
5.3 MonitorSubroutines151

APPENDICES
A.1 CodeTables154
A.2 MZ-700SeriesComputerSpecifications157
A.3 BASICErrorMessageList159
A.4 Z80AInstructionSet160
A.5 MonitorProgramAssemblyList164
A.6 ColorPlotter-PrinterControlCodes198
A.7 NotesConcerningOperation201

INDEX
[BASICCOMMANDS]( ) isabbreviatedformat
®
ABS 71
ASC78
ATN71
AUTO(A.)31
AXIS(AX.)89
®
BYE. (B.)....35
CHR$78
CIRCLE(CI.)90
CLOSE(CLO.)68
CLR59
COLOR(COL.)80
CONSOLE(CONS.)....98
CONT(C.)34
COS71
CURSOR(CU.)....61
®
DEFFN56
DEFKEY57
DELETE(D.)....31
DIM56
END
EXP.
(E.)
•
FOR-NEXT (F.~N.)
GET
GOSUB
-RETURN(GOS.-RET.)
GOTO(G.)
GPRINT(GP.)
59
71
47
43
49
48
88
®
HSET(H.)....88
s
IFERL97
IFERN96
IF-GOSUB(IF-GOS.)53
IF-GOTO(IF—G.)53
IF-THEN(IF—TH.)....50
INP95
INPUT(I.)42
INPUT/T(I./T)68
INT71
0
KEYLIST(K.L.)
LEFTS
35
77
LEN76
LET36
LIMIT(LIM.)92
LINE85
LIST(L.)....32
LIST/P(L./P)....84
LN71
LOAD(LO.)....28
LOG71
MERGE(ME.)
MID$
MODEGR(M.GR)
MODETL(M.TL)
MODETN(M.TN)
MODETS(M.TS)
MOVE
MUSIC(MU.)
32
77
83
83
83
83
87
65

®
NEW32
®
ONERROR
GOTO(ONERR.G.). . . . 96
ON~GOSUB(ON-GOS.)....55
ON-GOTO(ON~G.)....54
OUT95
®
PAGE84
PAI71
PCOLOR(PC.)....83
PEEK93
PHOME(PH.)87
PLOTOFF(PL.OFF)....98
PLOTON(PL.ON).... 98
POKE92
PRINT(?)••••37
PRINTUSING(?USI.)....38
PRINT/P(?/P)....84
PRINT/T(?/T)....68
PRINT[a,/3](?[a,0])81
©
®
RAD71
READ-DATA(REA.~DA.)....44
REM58
RENUM(REN.)....33
RESET63
RESTORE(RES.)46
RESUME(RESU.)97
RIGHTS77
RLINE(RL.)....86
RMOVE(RM.)....87
RND72
ROPEN(RO.)....68
RUN(R.)....34
®
SAVE(SA.)29
SET63
SGN71
SIN71
SIZE97
SKIP84
SPC62
SQR71
STOP(S.)59
STR$79
©
TAB62
TAN71
TEMPO(TEM.)67
TEST(TE.)....84
TI$60
©
USR(U.)93
®
VAL79
VERIFY(V.)30
®
WOPEN(W.)....68
®
®
®

3VA2
.zn
P.)
a/.3
{.A1- ;v
...... ..
TT
...... . . i .
-

THEWORLDOFMZ-700
SERIESPERSONAL
COMPUTER
Chapter1

1.1FeaturesoftheMZ-700Series
Inthespaceofjusta fewdecades,thecomputerhasundergonea dramatictransformation,changing
fromanintricate,enormouslyexpensivemonsterweighingseveraldozentonsintoa compact,inexpensive
devicewhichcanbeusedbyalmostanyone.Whereasaccesstocomputersusedtobelimitedtoa few
privilegedindividualswithspecialtraining,theinexpensive,user-friendlymachinesnowavailablemake
theworldofcomputingopentopeopleinalldifferentwalksoflife.TheSharpMZ-700seriescomputers
arerepresentativeofsuchmachines.
Peopleusewordsandexpressionstoconveymeanings.
ComputersoftheSharpMZ-700series,however,conveymeaningthroughanordinarytelevisionset
orspecialprinter.AnyTVsetcanbeused,eithercolororblack-and-white;or,youmayinvestinone
ofthespecialdisplayscreensavailableifyouwantgreaterresolutionandsharpness;youwillbesurprised
atthebeautywhichisprovidedbysuchdisplays.
AtaperecordercanbeconnectedtocomputersoftheSharpMZ-700seriestorecordprograms,the
instructionswhichcontroltheoperationofthecomputer.Whenprintedrecordsofsuchprogramsorof
theresultsofcomputerprocessingaredesired,theycanbeobtainedontheMZ-700'scompact,elegantly
designed4-colorplotter-printer.
MZ-731
Note:Intheremainderofthismanual,theterm"MZ-700"willbeusedtoindicateanyofthecomputers
oftheMZ-700series(theMZ-711,MZ-721,andMZ-731).
10

1.2UsingthisManual
Beforestartingtostudyprogramming,whynottryplayingwiththeMZ-700a bit?We'resureyou
wanttodothatanyway,ratherthanwaitinguntilafteryouhavereadthisbook.First,read"Operating
theMZ-700"inChapter3 (youneedreadonlythosepartswhichapplytothemodelwhichyouareus-
ing).ConnecttheMZ-700toa television,readtheexplanationofproceduresforusingthekeyboard,and
learnwhichcharactersareoutputwheneachkeyispressed.
IfyouareusingtheMZ-700forthefirsttime,readChapters1 and2,inthatorder.Atfirst,youmay
finditdifficulttograspthemeaningsofthevariouscommandsandstatementsoftheBASICprogramming
language;however,evenifyoudon'tunderstandtheexplanations,besuretokeyintheexamplesas
theyareencountered.Asyoudoso,youwillgraduallydevelopa conceptofwhatBASICisallabout.
YoumayskipoverthoseportionsofChapter2 whichstartwith2.8 "MachineLanguageProgram
ControlStatements";however,thesesectionswillproveusefulwhenyouhavecompletelymastered
programminginBASIC,orwishtobecomemorefamiliarwiththecomputer'sinternaloperation.
IfyouhaveusedtheMZ-80K,youwillfindthatthecommandsandstatementsofBASICforthe
MZ-700areusedinthesamemannerasthoseoftheSP-5025family,sothattheMZ-700canbeused
inalmostexactlythesamemannerastheMZ-80K.Themajordifferencebetweenthetwoisinthecolor
statements(applicabletoboththetelevisionscreenandthecolorplotter-printer)whichhavebeenadded;
however,youshouldfinditeasytobecomefamiliarwiththesebyreadingsections2.6 "Colordisplay
statement"and2.7 "ColorPlotter-printerCommands."Havingdonethis,youwillquicklybecaptivated
bythepowerofexpandedBASIC.
Thismanualalsoincludesa discussionof"OperatingtheMZ-700"(Chapter3),a referencesection
entitled"Hardware"(Chapter4),a discussionofthe"MonitorCommandsandSubroutines"(Chapter5),
andappendicesofotherinformation.
NowgoaheadandlearneverythingyoucanabouttheMZ-700.Wehopethatyouwillfindthismanual
helpful.
12

1.3AnIntroductiontotheWorldofComputers
1.3.1WhatisBASIC?
Peopleuselanguagetocommunicatewitheachother,andspeciallydesignedlanguagesarealsousedfor
communicationwithcomputers.BASICisonesuchlanguage.
Beginner'sAll-purposeSymbolicInstructionCode
JustashumanbeingsuselanguagessuchasEnglish,French,German,andJapaneseforcommunication,
therearealsomanydifferentlanguageswhichareusedforcommunicationwithcomputers.Amongthese
areBASIC,FORTRAN,COBOL,andPASCAL.Ofthese,BASICisthecomputerlanguagewhosestruc-
tureisclosesttothatofthelanguagesusedbyhumans,andthereforeistheeasiestforhumanstounder-
stand.
1.3.2LoadingBASICintotheMZ-700
TheBASIClanguagemustbeloadedintotheMZ-700beforeitcanbeusedtodoanywork.A cassette
tapecontainingthislanguagehasbeenincludedinthecasecontainingtheMZ-700.Nowlet'steachthe
languagetothecomputer;proceduresfordoingthisaredescribedbelow.(Theexplanationassumesthat
youareusinganMZ-731;however,theproceduresarebasicallythesameforallcomputersoftheMZ-
700series.)
(1)Connectthedisplayasdescribedonpage106.
(2)Turnonthepowerswitchlocatedonthebackofthecomputer.
(3)Thefollowingcharactersaredisplayedonthescreenanda square,blinkingpatternappears.This
patternisreferredtoasthecursor.
X*MONI TOR1 Z-013AXX
XSf
t
1Cursor
(4)SetthecassettetapecontainingtheBASIClanguageinthecomputer'sdatarecorder.
(5)Typeintheword(l][o][a][d|andpressthe|CR|key.Afterdoingthis,themessage± PLAYappears
onthescreen.
(6)Pressthedatarecorder's| PLAY| button;thecassettetapestartsmovingandloadingoftheBASIC
languagebegins.
(7)Afterloadinghasbeencompleted,themessageREADYisdisplayedandthecursorstartsto
blinkagain.
Notes:
* i [IS®!!. . . Thisistheinstructionforloadingprogramsordatafromcassettetape.
|CR|Thisisreferredtoasthecarriagereturnkey,andismainlyusedtoindicatecomple-
tionofentryofaninstruction.
13

r **MSNfTOR1Z-013A**
LOAD
J.PLAY
L3ADINGBASIC'
BASICINTERPRETER1Z-01SBVX.XX
CorrKIQHT1^83BySHARPCOW
XXXXXBYTES
READY
>8
ThiscompletesloadingoftheBASICprogram.YoucantalktothecomputerusingBASIC,andthe
computerwillrespond.
1.3.3TryExecutinga Program
LoadingBASICintothecomputerdoesn'tcauseittodoanything;first,itmustbegiveninstructions
inBASICastowhatitistodo.AlthoughwewillnotexplaintheinstructionsofBASICuntillater,let's
goaheadandtryexecutinga BASICprogramrightnow.
Removethecassettetapefromtherecorderandturnitoversothatthe"B"sideisup.A sample
programisrecordedonthissideofthecassettetape.Usingthefollowingprocedures,loadthisprogram
intothecomputerandexecuteit.
(1)Afterturningthetapeoverandreloadingitintotherecorder,presstheREWINDbuttonto
rewindit.Next,typein[2[0][a][d]andpressthe|CR|key;whenthemessage± PLAYisdisplay-
ed,presstheI PLAY| buttononthedatarecorder.Thisbeginsloadingofthesampleprogram.
(2)Whenloadingiscompleted,thecassettetapestops,READYisdisplayedonthescreen,andthe
cursorstartstoblinkagain.
(3)Nowthattheprogramhasbeenloadedintothecomputer'smemory,tryexecutingit.Thisisdone
bytypingin[r]|u]|n]andpressingthe|CR|key.
(4)Nowlet'stakea peekattheprogram.Holddownthe 1 SHIFTkeyandpressthe 1 BREAK-]
key.ThisstopsprogramexecutionanddisplaysthewordsBREAKandREADY,thenthecursor
startstoblinkagain.
(5)Typein[I][T][s][t]andpressthe | CR|key.Thisliststhelinesoftheprogramonthescreenone
afteranother.(Outputofthelistcanbetemporarilystoppedatanytimebypressingthespace
bar.)
(6)Ifyouwishtoresumeprogramexecution,typein[r][u][n]againandhitthe|CR[key.
(7)Ifyouwanttoruna differentprogram,setthecassettetapecontainingthatprograminthe
recorder,LOADtheprogram,thenRUNit.Thepreviousprogramisautomaticallyerasedfrom
memorywhenthenewoneisloaded,sothecomputercontainsonly"theBASIClanguageand
thelastprogramloaded.
14

BASIC
BASIC
Programming

2.1IntroductiontoProgramminginBASIC
2.1.1DirectMode
NowthatyouhavemadesomekeyentriesontheMZ-700,youhavereachedthepointwhereyou
arereadytostartlearninghowtoprogram.Beforeyoustart,however,tryusingtheMZ-700asyou
wouldanordinarypocketcalculator.(ThisiscalledoperatingtheMZ-700inthe"directmode".)Key
inthefollowing,justasyouwouldona pocketcalculator.
f4ll+ll9lFllCRl
Asyoucansee,thecomputerdoesn'tdoanythingwhenitispresentedwitha probleminthisform;
yourcomputerandanordinarycalculatorarecompletelydifferentinthisrespect,andinstructionsmust
beenteredina formwhichcanbeunderstoodbythecomputer(i.e,intheformprescribedbytheBASIC
language).Nowtrytypinginthefollowing.
fpiRimfNimSEEDER]
Ifyouhavedonethiscorrectly,thenumber"13"willbedisplayedandthescreenwillappearasshown
below.
READY
PRI NT
13
READY
4+ 9 PRINTisaninstructionwhichtellsthecomputertodisplay
somethingonthescreen.Here,thecomputerisinstructedto
displaythesumof4 + 9.
Nowlet'strydoinga somewhatmorecomplexcalculation.
WithBASICfortheMZ-700,theoperators(symbols)forthebasicarithmeticoperationsareasfollows.
Addition:+
Subtraction:—
Multiplication:X (theasterisk)
Division:/ (theslash)
Exponentiation:T
Whensymbolssucha " X "," + ",and" T " aremixedtogetherina singlearithmeticexpression,
theorderinwhichcalculationsindicatedbythesymbolsareperformedisreferredtoastheirpriority.
Justaswithordinaryalgebra,operationscanbeincludedinparentheses,sooperationswithintheinner-
mostsetofparenthesesareperformedfirst.Withina setofparentheses,exponentiationisperformed
first,followedbymultiplicationanddivision(whichhaveequalpriority,andthereforeareperformed
astheyareencounteredintheexpression,fromlefttoright),andthenbyadditionandsubtraction.
Forexample,toobtaintheanswertotheexpression3 x 6 x C6+ 3 x !9- 2 x (4- 2)+ IIenterthe
following.
tsememsimsHEmsBEEBEEmHiBEnBfflmm
Nowtryusingthecomputertodoa varietyofotherproblemsinarithmetic.
16

[EXERCISE]
6+ 4
•6-4
2.3XI5+ 9X(9-2)—I+5
PRI NT(6+4)/(6—4)
5
PRINT3X(5+9X(9-2)-6/(4-2)>+5
200
PRINT(3+4)X(5+6)
77
PRINT(10+20)/6X(2+3)
25
PRINT(10+20)/(6XC2+ 3))
1
[ANSWER]
3.(3+ 4)x (5+ 6)
4. 10+20
6 x(2+ 3)
5. 10+20
6x(2+ 3)
Aftergoingthroughtheexercises,trytypingin[T][I]@[8]andpressingthe[CR|key;theanswer"40"is
displayed.ThereasonforthisisthatBASICinterpretsthequestionmarkinthesamemannerasthe
instructionPRINT.Rememberthisasa convenient,abbreviatedformofthePRINTinstruction.
Nowtryenteringthefollowing.(Thequotationmarksareenteredbyholdingdown| SHIFTand
pressingthe[2]key.)
EememmsoEHEH
Asyoucansee,thecharacterswithinquotationmarksaredisplayedonthescreen,buttheanswerisnot.
Nowtryenteringthefollowing.
EOfflmOTEOGEElGHEE]
ThiscausesABCDEFGtobedisplayedonthescreen.
Inotherwords,usingthePRINTinstructiontogetherwithquotationmarkstellstheMZ-700todisplay
charactersonthescreenexactlyastheyarespecifiedbetweenquotationmarks.Thecharacterswithin
anysetofquotationmarksarereferredtoasa "characterstring"or"string".
Nowgoontoenterthefollowing.
EememEmsBEBmssiHEJEE]
Thiscausesthefollowingtobedisplayedonthescreen.
4+ 9 = ^13 (The"i_,"symbolindicatesa space.Actually,nothingisdisplay-
edontheTVscreeninthepositionindicatedbythissymbol.)
Inotherwords,theinstructionabovetellsthecomputertodisplayboththecharacterstring"4+ 9 ="
andtheresultofthearithmeticexpression"4+ 9 =".Nowtryenteringthefollowing.
fpiiRimif^mrni^RfoiFiFirTii^i+ifQiicH
Aftertypinginthisentry,thefollowingshouldbedisplayedonthescreen.
ThereasonthescreenappearsdifferentthistimeisbecausethePRINTinstructiondisplaysitemsof
information(characterstringsortheresultsofarithmeticexpressions)differentlydependingonwhether
theyareseparatedfromeachotherbysemicolonsorcommas.
4+ 9 = 13
Semicolon( ;)
Comma( ,).
Instructsthecomputertodisplayitemsimmediatelyadjacenttoeachother.
Instructsthecomputertodisplaytheitematthepositionwhichis10
spaces(columns)fromthebeginningofthedisplayline.

IfyouhavetheMZ-731(ora separateplotter-printer),nowtryappendingthecharactersT/Pjtothe
endofthewordPRINT.
BemPfflOTHsm^FFimsm^ERi
Thistimenothingappearsonthedisplayscreen,butthesameresultisprintedoutontheplotter-printer.
Inotherwords,theT/Pjsymbolsswitchoutputfromthedisplaytotheplotter-printer.
ThiscompletesourexplanationofproceduresforusingtheMZ-700asyouwoulda pocketcalculator.
Note:PRINT"5+ 8 =";5 + 8 displays5 + 8=13,whilePRINT115 - 8 =";5 - 8 displays5 - 8 = -3.
Thereasonforthisisthatonespaceisalwaysreservedfora symbolindicatingwhethertheresultis
positiveornegative,butthesymbolisonlydisplayedinthatspacewhentheresultisnegative.
2.1.2Programming
Let'strymakinga simpleprogram.However,firstlet'smakesurethattheareainthecomputer's
memorywhichisusedforstoringprogramsiscompletelyempty.DothisbytypinginNEWandpressing
the|CRlkey.(Thisinstructionwillbeexplainedinmoredetaillater;seepage32.)
Typeinthefollowingprogramexactlyasshown.
10 A = 3EE]Assignsthevalue3 toA.
20B = 6[CR]Assignsthevalue6 toB.
30C=A+ BfflAssignstheresultofA + B toC.
409 OICRIDisplaysthevalueassignedtoC.
50 E N PICRIInstructionindicatingtheendoftheprogram.
Thenumbers10,20,30,andsoforthattheleftendofeachlinearereferredtoasprogramlinenumbers,
orsimplylinenumbers;thesenumbersindicatetheorderinwhichinstructionsaretobeexecutedbythe
computer.Instructionsonthelowestnumberedlineareexecutedfirst,followedbythoseonthenext
lowestnumberedline,andsoforth.Linenumbersmustbeintegersintherangefrom1 to65535.
Thelinenumbers1,2,3,andsoforthcouldhavebeenusedinthisprograminsteadof10,20,30.
However,itiscommonpracticetoassignlinenumbersinincrementsof10toprovideroomforlater
insertionofotherlines.
Nowlet'scheckwhetherthelineshavebeencorrectlyentered.TypeinLISTandpressthe|CR[key;
thiscausesa listoftheprogramlinestobedisplayed.Noticethatthequestionmarkenteredatthebeginn-
ingofline40hasbeenconvertedtoPRINT,thefullformofthecommandfordisplayingdataonthe
displayscreen.