3M 701 User manual

Operator’s Manual
701 Test Kit for Static Control Surfaces (Megohmmeter)

INTENDED USE
The 3M Model 701 Megohmmeter is designed to measure
the resistance of static control work surfaces and flooring.
This is to be done in a manner as described in this operator's
manual. Measurements described in this manual refer to the
ESD Association Standards S4.1 (Worksurfaces-Resistive
Characterization) and S7.1 (Floor Materials-Resistive
Characterization of Materials). These standards are
available from the ESD Association (315-339-6937).
Refer to the operator’s manual for complete use of this
instrument. Use of other components may cause improper
performance and or an unsafe condition.
SAFETY SYMBOLS
This marking adjacent to another marking
or a terminal or operating device
indicates that the operator must refer to
an explanation in the Operating
Instructions to avoid damage to the
equipment and/or personal injury.
WARNING: Indicates a potentially
hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION: Indicates a potentially
hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
may result in minor or moderate injury. It
also may be used to alert against unsafe
practices that may cause property
damage.
SAFETY INFORMATION
The Operator’s Manual contains cautions and warnings
alerting the user to hazardous operating and servicing
conditions. This information is flagged by CAUTION or
WARNING headings throughout this publication, where
applicable, and is defined in this manual under SAFETY
SYMBOLS. To ensure the safety of operating and servicing
personnel and to retain the operating integrity of this
Instrument, these instructions must be adhered to.
INTRODUCTION
DESCRIPTION
The Model 701 Test Kit for Static Control Surfaces includes
a hand-held megohmmeter (here-in after referred to as the
“Instrument” or “Model 701”) and accessories. The kit has
been specifically designed for evaluating the resistive
characteristics of static control surface materials and testing
installed surfaces as specified in ESD Association Standards.
The Instrument has four test functions which allow the user
to measure the resistance of a static control surface at either
of two test voltages, verify proper Instrument performance,
and check the electrical continuity of the test set-up.
ACCESSORIES
All accessories required for operating the Model 701 are
included in the test kit. Available replacement parts are
listed on page 6.
UNPACKING AND INSPECTION
Examine the shipping carton for obvious signs of damage.
If damage is suspected, open the carton and inspect the
Instrument for possible damage. If damage is noted, notify
the carrier and supplier immediately. If the Instrument
appears to be in good condition, read this Operator’s Manual
in its entirety. Check that all items are included with the Kit,
then run a series of familiarity tests as instructed in this
manual.
CONTROLS, CONNECTORS,
AND INDICATORS
GENERAL
Before attempting any operation of the Instrument, become
familiar with each control. A thorough understanding of
how the Instrument operates will avoid undue mistakes and
prolong its useful life.
Figure 3-1. Controls, Connectors, and
Indicators
1. Main Selector Switch:
Main function selector switch allows selection of desired test
function.
2. TEST Button:
This button engages the Instrument and activates the test function
selected.
3. OHMS Scale:
This scale is used in conjunction with the SURFACE TEST functions
to indicate the amount of resistance measured.
4. CONTINUITY Scale:
This scale indicates the total resistance of the test set-up (meter,
leads, weights, and calibration plate) in the CONTINUITY TEST
function.
5. BATTERY Scale:
This scale indicates the charge level of the main battery of the
Instrument in the BATTERY TEST function by verifying the open
circuit output test voltage.
6. Test Jacks:
These jacks are used to connect the Instrument to the test leads.
1
• Turn off the Instrument before connecting or
disconnecting test leads, or before moving test weights.
• Do not use this Instrument with any accessories not
specifically designed to be used with this product.
• Do not use this Instrument to measure live circuits.
• The circuitry enclosed in the Model 701 produces high
voltages. Make sure that the main selector switch is in
the OFF position before removing the back cover.
• Product intended for indoor use only.
• The test weights included in this kit are heavy. Exercise
care in handling.
• Improper battery installation will damage this
instrument.

7. Mechanical Zero Adjust:
This control is used to zero the pointer.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
• Turn off the Instrument before connecting or
disconnecting test leads, or before moving test weights.
• Do not use this Instrument with any accessories not
specifically designed to be used with this product.
• Do not use this Instrument to measure live circuits.
• The test weights included in this kit are heavy. Exercise
care in handling.
NOTE: The following procedures should be followed each time
the Model 701 is used.
BATTERY TEST
Place the Instrument on a table top or other stable surface.
Set the main selector switch to BATTERY TEST. Press
TEST and hold for 15 seconds. The pointer should come to
rest in the green area of the BATTERY scale. If the pointer
is in the red area to the left of 100V, replace the battery and
retest. If the pointer is in the red area to the right of 100V,
the Instrument may need recalibration.
CONTINUITY TEST
Place the Instrument on a table top or other stable surface
and attach the leads as shown in Figure 4-1. Place the test
weights on the calibration plate or other bare metal surface
and plug in the test leads. Set the main selector switch to
CONTINUITY TEST. Press TEST. The pointer should
come to rest in the green section of the CONTINUITY
scale. If not, the test leads may be defective or the weights
may require maintenance or cleaning.
SURFACE TEST (Resistance Measurement)
Refer to the immediate two following sections to determine
which measurement(s) should be used for your application.
Place the Instrument on a table top or other stable surface
and attach the leads as shown in the appropriate sketch
figures 5-1 through 5-5. Set the Main Selector Switch to the
desired SURFACE TEST voltage. Place the test weight(s)
on the surface to be tested and connect the test leads. Press
TEST for 15 seconds and then read the resistance from the
OHMS scale. After all readings have been completed, return
the Main Selector Switch to the OFF position.
RESISTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF
STATIC CONTROL WORK
SURFACES
GENERAL
This section provides a summary of the types of surface
measurements specified and described by ESD-S4.1.
Measurements are performed for three reasons:
1. Periodic performance testing of installed static control
work surfaces.
2. Qualification of installed static control work surfaces.
3. Evaluation of static control work surface materials.
NOTE: The following paragraphs are offered as a condensed
summary of the test methods and procedures outlined in the
EOS/ESD standard. For complete details, refer to the standard.
TEST DESCRIPTION
1. PERIODIC PERFORMANCE TESTING
OF INSTALLED STATIC CONTROL SURFACES
(Measurement of resistance from the top of an installed
surface to ESD GROUND (RTS-ESDG) at ambient
temperature and humidity): Note: ESD GROUND is the
point at which the ground cord or other grounding
conductor from the static control surface is connected to.
The ground point may be an electrical ground, building
ground, or other suitable ground. If you have questions
concerning the correct ground, refer to EOS/ESD
STANDARD S6.0 and/or contact a qualified electrician.
This Resistance-to-Ground test is the most important test
that can be done on a static control surface because it
verifies that the surface is working correctly and will
OFF 10V
100V
BATTERY
TEST
CONTINUITY
TEST
TEST
READ MANUAL BEFORE USE
OHMS
SURFACE
TEST
TAUT BAND
SUSPENSION
109
1G
10G FAI L
P
ASS
1010
1011
100G
108107
106
105
0
1M
100K
0
10M
100M
CONTINUITY
BATTERY
100V
0
10K
100K
1M
10M
100M
OFF 10V
100V
BATTERY
TEST
CONTINUITY
TEST
TEST
READ MANUAL BEFORE USE
OHMS
SURFACE
TEST
TAUT BAND
SUSPENSION
109
1G
10G FA IL
PAS S
1010
1011
100G
10810 7
106
105
0
1M
100K
0
10M
100M
CONTINUITY
BATTERY
100V
0
10K
100K
1M
10M
100M
Figure 4-1: Continuity Test
TEST WEIGHTS
CALIBRATION
PLATE
2
2
6
1
3
7
5
4
Figure 3-1: Front Panel

OFF 10V
100V
BATTERY
TEST
CONTINUITY
TEST
TEST
READ MANUAL BEFORE USE
OHMS
SURFACE
TEST
TAUT BAND
SUSPENSION
109
1G
10G FA IL
PASS
1010
1011
100G
10810 7
106
105
0
1M
100K
0
10M
100M
CONTINUITY
BATTERY
100V
0
10K
100K
1M
10M
100M
Figure 5-1: Periodic Performance Tests of Installed Surfaces
OFF 10V
100V
BATTERY
TEST
CONTINUITY
TEST
TEST
READ MANUAL BEFORE USE
OHMS
SURFACE
TEST
TAUT BAND
SUSPENSION
109
1G
10G FA IL
PASS
1010
1011
100G
10810 7
106
105
0
1M
100K
0
10M
100M
CONTINUITY
BATTERY
100V
0
10K
100K
1M
10M
100M
Figure 5-2: Qualification Tests of Installed Surfaces
3
STATIC CONTROL SURFACE
GROUNDABLE POINTS
TO TEST WEIGHT AT TEST
POINT A, B, C, D & E
TO TEST WEIGHT AT TEST
POINT A, B, C, D & E
2”
2”
STATIC CONTROL SURFACE
GROUNDABLE POINTS
drain a static charge in a reasonable time. This test
involves measurement of the total resistance from the
static control surface through the conductor or ground
cord to the ESD GROUND (ESDG), verifying that the
entire static control system is functioning correctly.
NOTE: ESD-S4. 1 suggests that a static control surface that
measures in the range of 1x106ohms to 1x1010 ohms RTS-
ESDG is acceptable. HOWEVER, 3M RECOMMENDS THAT A
MORE CONSERVATIVE VALUE OF 1X109OHMS BE USED AS
THE HIGHEST ACCEPTABLE RESISTANCE TO ESD GROUND.
The following procedures should be followed when
testing installed static control surfaces.
A.Complete BATTERY TEST and CONTINUITY TEST.
B. Set the Instrument on a table top or other stable surface
and place a test weight at the desired test point as shown
in Figure 5-1. Connect the test leads to the meter using
the right angle banana plugs at the meter. Then connect
one of the test leads to the test weight and the other to
the ESD GROUND using one of the supplied clips.
C. Test the static control surface using the 100 volts
SURFACE TEST. Depress the TEST button for 15
seconds, allowing the pointer to stabilize; record the
readings for each test point. If the reading is below 1x106
ohms, check the static control surface for an alternate
path to ground; correct and retest. If some or all the
readings are above 1x109ohms, the static control surface
may be dirty. Clean the surface using the manufacturer’s
recommended cleaning procedure followed by two
clear water rinses and a rinse with 70% Isopropyl
alcohol. Allow the surface to dry overnight and retest.
If the resistance reading is “infinite,” there is an
interruption (open) in the ground connection; repair
and retest.
2. QUALIFICATION OF INSTALLED STATIC
CONTROL SURFACES
[Measurement of resistance of the top surface to the
groundable point of the static control surface (RTS-GP)].
GROUNDABLE POINT is the point at which the
grounding conductor is connected to the static control
surface; the GROUNDABLE POINT is most commonly
a snap (mats), a bolt (laminate), or a strip of conductive
foil tape (flooring). This QUALIFICATION
measurement is similar to those described in the test
description section and is used to verify the correct
installation of the GROUNDABLE POINT by the
manufacturer or by the user. While the test procedure is
the same, the test setup is slightly different; see Figure 5-2.
3. EVALUATION OF STATIC CONTROL
MATERIALS
[Measurement of the resistance between two points on
top of a static control surface (RTS-TS), and the resistance
between a point on the surface and the groundable point
(RTS-GP)]: Material measurements are done to determine
the intrinsic electrical properties of static control work
surface materials.
NOTE: Values obtained by these tests may not reflect how a
material will perform when installed as a static control surface.
Material evaluations are typically done at two humidities
(12% RH and 50% RH) to determine whether the
electrical properties of the material are humidity-
dependent. If the low humidity test results are borderline
or not within the expected ranges, caution should be
exercised when using such materials in winter months or
in dry conditions. To assure test accuracy, a minimum of
six samples should be tested. The test procedure is as
follows:
A.Prepare a minimum of six samples of each material
to be tested as shown in Figure 5-3.
B. Clean samples to be tested with a 70% Isopropyl alcohol
solution and condition at 73°F (23°C) and 50% RH for
48-72 hours.
NOTE: Samples must be maintained at the appropriate humidity
level throughout the test procedures.
C. Complete BATTERY TEST and CONTINUITY TEST

D.Surface-to-Groundable Point Test: Test samples per
Figure 5-4, using both the 100 volts and 10 volts
SURFACE TEST ranges at 50% RH and record the
values as (RTS-GP).
Procedure: Place the Instrument on a table top or other
stable surface. Connect the test leads to the Instrument by
means of the right angle banana plugs. Connect the other
end of one of the leads to one of the test weights and place
the weight on the surface to be tested. Use one of the
supplied clips to connect the other lead to the groundable
point on the static control surface. Depress TEST button for
15 seconds and then record the reading.
E. Surface-to-surface Test: Test samples as shown in Figure
5-5; use both test weights and repeat the same test
procedure used to determine (RTS-GP).
F. Repeat A through E after conditioning samples at 73°F
(23°C) and 12% RH. Use the same test points and record
the values.
RESISTIVE CHARACTERIZATION
OF STATIC CONTROL FLOORING
GENERAL
This section provides a summary of installed or applied
floor material measurements specified and described by
ESD-S7.1.
NOTE: The following paragraphs are offered as a condensed
summary of the test methods and procedures outlined in the
EOS/ESD standard. For complete details, refer to the standard.
TEST DESCRIPTION
PERIODIC PERFORMANCE TESTING OF INSTALLED
OR APPLIED FLOORING MATERIALS(Measurement of
resistance from the surface of an installed floor to
GROUNDABLE POINT at ambient temperature and
humidity): Note: GROUNDABLE POINT is a point on the
floor material that is intended to accommodate an electrical
connection from the floor material to an appropriate
electrical ground. The ground point may be an electrical
ground, building ground, or other suitable ground. If you
have questions concerning the correct ground, refer to
EOS/ESD Standard 6.0 and/or contact a qualified
electrician.
The Resistance-to-Ground test is the most important test
that can be done on a static control surface because it
verifies that the surface is working correctly and will drain a
static charge in a reasonable time. This test involves
measurement of the total resistance from the static control
surface through the conductor or ground cord to the ESD to
the ESD GROUND (ESDG), verifying that the entire static
control system is functioning correctly.
NOTE: ESD 7.1 is designed to measure floor materials with
resistances of 2.5 x 104to 1.0 x 1011 ohms.
The following procedures should be followed when testing
installed static control floor mats or flooring surfaces.
TEST PROCEDURE FOR RESISTANCE
TO GROUND
A.Complete BATTERY TEST and CONTINUITY TEST.
If required clean, electrodes as described in Test Weight
Cleaning section page 5.
4
OFF 10V
100V
BATTERY
TEST
CONTINUITY
TEST
TEST
READ MANUAL BEFORE USE
OHMS
SURFACE
TEST
TAUT BAND
SUSPENSION
109
1G
10G FA IL
PASS
1010
1011
100G
10810 7
106
105
0
1M
100K
0
10M
100M
CONTINUITY
BATTERY
100V
0
10K
100K
1M
10M
100M
OFF 10V
100V
BATTERY
TEST
CONTINUITY
TEST
TEST
READ MANUAL BEFORE USE
OHMS
SURFACE
TEST
TAUT BAND
SUSPENSION
109
1G
10G FA IL
PASS
1010
1011
100G
10810 7
106
105
0
1M
100K
0
10M
100M
CONTINUITY
BATTERY
100V
0
10K
100K
1M
10M
100M
Figure 5-4: Material Evaluation Surface to Groundable Point Test
Figure 5-5: Material Evaluation Surface to Surface Test
Figure 5-3: Material Evaluation Sample Configuration
2”
2”
TO TEST WEIGHT AT TEST
POINT A & B
TO TEST WEIGHT AT TEST
POINT A & B
STATIC CONTROL SURFACE
GROUNDABLE POINTS
STATIC CONTROL SURFACE GROUNDABLE
POINTS
SAMPLE SIZE: 10” X 24”
10”10”
STATIC CONTROL SURFACE
GROUNDABLE POINTS

B. Before testing new floor mats or newly installed floors,
clean mats/floors per manufacturer's recommendations.
For testing of floor finishes or monitoring of existing
floor materials, test in an as-is condition.
C. Perform tests at ambient humidity.
D.Place the Instrument and test weight at the desired test
location.
E. Connect one lead of the meter to ground with supplied
clip and the other lead to the test weight.
F. Set meter to 100V. Place test weight on the surface of
the material being tested.
G. Push test button and record the resistance after the
measurement has stabilized or after 15 seconds. Release
test button.
H.Repeat the procedure placing the test weight on the
surface at different locations.
I. Perform a minimum of five tests per contiguous floor
surface material or a minimum of five tests per 5,000
square feet (464,5 m2) of floor material, whichever is
greater. A minimum of three of the five tests should be
conducted in those areas that are subject to wear or have
chemical or water spillage or are visibly dirty.
TEST PROCEDURE FOR RESISTANCE
POINT TO POINT
A.Complete BATTERY TEST and CONTINUITY TEST.
If required clean electrodes as described in Test Weight
Cleaning section below.
B. Before testing new floor mats or newly installed floors,
clean mats/floors per manufacturer's recommendations.
For testing of floor finishes or monitoring of existing
floor materials, test in an as-is condition.
C. Perform tests at ambient humidity.
D.Place the Instrument and test weight at the desired test
location.
E. Connect test leads of the meter to the test weights.
F. Set meter to 100V. Place test weights three feet apart on
the surface of the material being tested.
G. Push test button and record the resistance after the
measurement has stabilized or after 15 seconds. Release
test button.
H.Repeat the procedure placing the test weights three feet
apart on the surface at different locations.
I. Perform a minimum of five tests per contiguous floor
surface material or a minimum of five tests per 5,000
square feet (464,5 m2) of floor material, whichever is
greater. A minimum of three of the five tests should be
conducted in those areas that are subject to wear or have
chemical or water spillage or are visibly dirty.
MAINTENANCE
GENERAL
This section details the maintenance which may be
performed by the user. Performance by the user of any
maintenance not specified here will void the Instrument
warranty. If it is determined that maintenance beyond the
scope of this section is required, contact your local 3M sales
representative or call 3M Technical Service (Electronic
Handling & Protection Division) at 512-984-3200.
BATTERY REPLACEMENT
Before attempting to replace either battery, place the main
selector switch in the OFF position.
The circuitry enclosed in the Model 701 produces high
voltages. Make sure that the main selector switch is in the OFF
position before removing the back cover.
A.To open the back cover, remove the screw located in the
center of the back cover.
B. The batteries are held in place by a metal bracket at the
top of the Instrument. To release this bracket, turn the
screw located in the center of the bracket counter
clockwise until the bracket swings free. The batteries
will now slide out.
C. Install new batteries as shown in Figure 6-1.
Improper battery installation will damage this Instrument.
D. Replace bracket and tighten bracket screw. Replace back
cover and cover screw.
TEST WEIGHT CLEANING
The test probes included in this kit are heavy. Exercise care in
handling.
After a period of use, the conductive rubber pads on the test
weights may become soiled, causing the weight to fail the
CONTINUITY TEST. To clean the surface of the
conductive pad, use a 70% Isopropyl alcohol/water mixture
on a clean low-linting cloth. Allow surface to “air dry” 15
minutes before use.
ZERO ADJUSTMENT
On occasion, due to handling, vibration, or other causes, the
pointer on the Model 701 may need adjustment. To zero the
pointer, turn the main selector switch to the OFF position.
Place the Instrument on a level stable surface and turn the
mechanical zero adjust screw until the pointer is over the
left-most mark on the OHMS scale.
Figure 6-1: Battery Replacement
5

REPLACEMENT PARTS
The following parts are user-replaceable parts:
Description Part Number
Model 701 Megohmmeter 3M 701-M, 98-0798-2290-8
Test Weight (each) 3M 701-W, 98-0798-2291-6
Test Leads (pair) 3M 701-L, 98-0798-2292-4
Carrying Case 3M 701-C, 98-0798-2293-2
Insulated “Bulldog” Clip 3M 3037, 98-0798-0838-6
Noninsulated Alligator Clip 3M 3038,98-0798-0399-9
Operator’s Manual 34-7051-4709-7
Batteries (2) 1.5 volt AA Cell, 22.5 volt
Eveready 505 (or equivalent*)
*The following are equivalent replacements or alternative sources for the Eveready 505 22.5V battery: NEDA 221,
Radio Shack 23-510, Newark Electronics (catalog) 49F1064.
6
TECHNICAL DATA
The following electrical specifications are valid for operating temperatures of 65°F (18°C) to 82°F (28°C), at relative
humidity up to 90% for altitudes up to 2000m, unless otherwise noted. Pollution degree 2, class 3 equipment.
Resistance Ranges
Test Measurement Open Circuit Internal
Function Range* Voltage** Resistance
Continuity 0 to 10 M⍀10V ± .7V 500 ⍀
10V Surface 10 5to 10 11 ⍀10V ± .7V 2 ⍀
100V Surface 10 5to 1011 ⍀100V ± .7V 2 ⍀
*Measurement Accuracy: ±5%±2° of arc.
**Measured internally at voltage source.
Battery Test
Internal test of 100V source – Accuracy: ± 2% ± 2° of arc
Batteries
1–1.5V AA Cell
1–22.5v Type 505 (Eveready 505)*
*(See replacement parts above for batteries equivalent to the Eveready 505.)
Physical Data
Instrument Test Weights(2)
4.6”(H) x 3.3”(W) x 1.8”(D) Weight: 5 lbs. (2.27 Kg) each
(11,7 x 8,4 x 4,6 cm) Diameter: 2.5” (6,4 cm)
Height: 4.7” (11.9 cm)
Weight: 12 oz (340 gms) (w/handle and pad)
Handling and Safety Precautions
Read all Health Hazard, Precautionary, and First Aid statements found in Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and/or
product label of chemicals prior to handling or use.

Electronic and Interconnect Solutions Division
6801 River Place Blvd.
Austin, TX 78726-9000 © 3M 2003 78-8132-1177-4
Important Notice
Before using this product, you must evaluate it and
determine if it is suitable for your intended application. You
assume all risks and liability associated with such use.
Warranty; Limited Remedy; Limited Liability.
This product will be free from defects in material and
manufacture for a period of 1 year from the date of
purchase. 3M MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. If this
product is defective within the warranty period stated above,
your exclusive remedy shall be, at 3M’s option, to replace or
repair the 3M product or refund the purchase price of the
3M product. Except where prohibited by law, 3M
will not be liable for any loss or damage arising
from this 3M product, whether direct, indirect,
special, incidental or consequential regardless
of the legal theory asserted.
Shipping of Warranty Returns
Pack the Instrument carefully and ship it prepaid and insured
to the proper destination noted below:
DO NOT RETURN ANY ITEM WITHOUT HAVING
FIRST RECEIVED RETURN AUTHORIZATION FROM
3M THROUGH YOUR 3M SALES REPRESENTATIVE.
3M
Electronic and Interconnect Solutions Division
Quality Department
6801 Riverplace Boulevard
Austin, TX 78726 - 4599
Shipping of Nonwarranty returns
Contact 3M Service Repair Center at 800/426-8688 and
select option #2 for the Service and Repair Center.
When calling, please have the following information
available:
• Purchase Order Number
• Name and phone number of an individual who can be
contacted for additional information
• Complete return address
• Description of the problem
You will be given complete instructions, including a RMA
number for returning the instrument.